Law and Human Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Psychopathy in the context of adversity: Understanding associations of early-life adversity and psychopathic symptoms in a sample of justice-involved youth.","authors":"Emma Louise Rodgers,Marie L Gillespie,Scarlet J Cho,Elizabeth Cauffman","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000668","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEPsychopathic symptoms have long been studied in samples of justice-involved youth. Collectively, findings suggest early-life adversities (ELAs) like abuse and maltreatment are linked with increases in symptomology. Yet these studies infrequently consider the wider definitions of ELA utilized by many researchers across fields of developmental and Health Psychology, which also include experiences of general household dysfunction.HYPOTHESESGreater ELA exposure will be associated with increases in psychopathic symptomology, both at study outset and across time. Additionally, ELA will be more strongly linked to behavioral symptoms than emotional or social symptoms.METHODThe present study utilized publicly available data from a large, longitudinal sample of justice-involved males (the Pathways to Desistance study; Mage = 16.09 years at baseline, 42.4% African American, 34.0% Hispanic American, 18.9% non-Hispanic White, 2.2% Native American, and 2.5% other race/ethnicity) to generate a new (to the data set) measure of ELA modeled after the popular Adverse Childhood Experience questionnaire that included nine unique categories of adversity. This scale was used to predict (a) overall psychopathic symptoms and subscales at baseline (using an interview-based measure) and (b) trajectories of change in symptoms across the study period (using a self-report measure, covering 7 years of development).RESULTSResults indicate that general ELA is associated with psychopathic symptoms at baseline and was not associated with rates of change across time (though patterns vary by subdimension). Analyses comparing types of adversity (abuse and neglect vs. household dysfunction) suggest this effect is imparted by abuse and neglect and not broader environmental dysfunction. These results were consistent after accounting for co-occurring anxiety, which is sometimes used to explore primary and secondary variants of psychopathy.CONCLUSIONSThese results add to existing literature linking serious adversity to psychopathic symptoms and extend findings by considering type of adversity for the first time longitudinally in a sample of justice-involved youth. Findings are situated within developmental theories of psychopathy in relation to ELA, and practical implications of the findings for practitioners and policy makers are discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148299013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Viewing Police Body-Worn Camera Video of Use-of-Force Incidents: Does Repeated or Slow-Motion Viewing Matter?","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000672.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000672.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148385865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Race and Ethnicity in the Courtroom Workgroup: Can Diversifying the Court Solve Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Case Outcomes?","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000658.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000658.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using large language model-based artificial intelligence (AI) suspects to train strategic use of evidence: Preliminary evidence of transfer to mock suspect interviews.","authors":"Siyu Li, Pär-Anders Granhag, Yunhan Shi, Yongjie Sun, Thomas J Nyman, Shumpei Haginoya, Pekka Santtila","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000647","DOIUrl":"10.1037/lhb0000647","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The strategic use of evidence (SUE) is a technique that aims to improve the ability to differentiate between liars and truth-tellers. However, while theoretical training provides guidance on interview techniques, it lacks opportunities for practical application.</p><p><strong>Hypotheses: </strong>We created two large language model driven artificial intelligence (AI) suspects with whom participants could simulate interviews and hypothesized that these simulations would enhance the transfer of training to later interactions with human mock suspects.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The study included 156 Chinese laypersons (78 interviewers and 78 human mock suspects). The two AI suspects followed response rules representing simplified and prototypical examples of liars' and truth-tellers' behaviors under the SUE model. Interviewers were randomly allocated to one of three types of training: (a) instruction and AI exercise, (b) instruction, and (c) control. After the training, the participants interacted with either a lying or truthful human mock suspect.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Receiving interventions made interviewers use evidence-framing matrix (an important tactic within the SUE framework) more frequently, thereby eliciting more inconsistencies between the lying human mock suspects' statements and the evidence (i.e., evidence-statement inconsistencies) as well as more inconsistencies within their own statements (i.e., within-statement inconsistencies). Both instruction and instruction and AI exercise groups used evidence-statement (in)consistencies more to make their judgments about whether human mock suspects were lying or truthful compared to those in the control group. In addition, the instruction and AI exercise group was better at accurately judging whether the human mock suspects were lying or truthful compared to the control group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Overall, this study provided preliminary evidence that simulated SUE with AI suspects transferred to interactions with human mock suspects in a controllable experimental setting, but that the advantage over instruction-only was not particularly robust. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).</p>","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"240-260"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146012843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychiatric symptoms and criminogenic risk in people with mental illness: Comparing patients across forensic and nonforensic settings.","authors":"Angelea D Bolaños,Faith Scanlon,Robert D Morgan,Sean M Mitchell,Darci Delgado","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000663","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEBecause approximately 50% of psychiatric patients present with current or past criminal legal involvement, we aimed to compare factors associated with criminal legal involvement across three inpatient psychiatric groups: patients with mental illness with legal involvement, patients with mental illness without legal involvement, and patients found not guilty by reason of insanity (NGRI).HYPOTHESESWe hypothesized that participants in the three groups would not differ in psychiatric symptomatology but that participants with mental illness and legal histories would report higher criminal risk scores than the NGRI and mental illness only groups.METHODParticipants consisted of 74 people with mental illness and prior legal involvement, 68 people with mental illness only from a private hospital's psychiatric unit, and 207 forensic state hospital patients acquitted NGRI. We used multivariate analysis of variance, discriminant function analyses, and analysis of variance to test group differences.RESULTSCriminal risk factors, criminal attitudes, and social support accurately classified 64.9%-75.2% of participants into their respective groups. Additionally, people with mental illness and past legal involvement scored higher than both mental illness-only and NGRI groups on the total criminal risk score, criminal friend scores, and total perceived social support. The NGRI group produced the lowest psychiatric symptom severity scores.CONCLUSIONSPeople with mental illness involved in the legal system demonstrate the highest indicators of criminal risk, further showing that both psychiatric needs and criminal risk should be the target of treatment for this population. We also found that patients adjudicated NGRI showed the lowest psychiatric symptom severity, which may be due to sustained treatment in a stable therapeutic milieu. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From culture blind to culturally informed: Coverage of sociocultural identities in U.S.-based forensic psychology journals, 2016-2020.","authors":"Amanda M Fanniff,Leila N Wallach,Taylor York,Reilly E Gallin,Morgan Hester Howell,Annika I Arango","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000660","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to assess the degree to and manner in which research published in four forensic psychology journals in the years 2016-2020 addressed sociocultural identities.HYPOTHESESThis was an exploratory content analysis with no a priori hypotheses.METHODAll empirical articles (n = 859) published in Behavioral Sciences and the Law, Criminal Justice and Behavior, Law and Human Behavior, and Psychology, Public Policy, and Law in the years 2016-2020 (inclusive) were coded. Information on seven sociocultural identities was recorded, including whether the identity was mentioned, participant identities were reported, and participants with different identities were compared, among other information. Additional details were recorded for a randomly selected subset of articles (n = 401).RESULTSSociocultural identities were infrequently mentioned in titles and abstracts of these articles; for example, gender was mentioned in 31.5% abstracts, and race was mentioned in 13.2%. Almost all corresponding and first authors (97.4%) worked in a United Nations regional group that includes primarily high-income, democratic nations, many of which have predominantly White populations. Gender (95%), race and/or ethnicity (74%), and socioeconomic status (43%) were the identities most frequently reported in the articles; others were very rarely reported (e.g., sexual orientation, 2%). Few studies addressed cultural strengths and/or explicitly recognized the impact of systems-level biases. Few studies explicitly addressed within-group differences for any sociocultural identity group. There was minimal evidence of improvement in the inclusion of sociocultural identities over time.CONCLUSIONSThe articles in this content analysis were largely completed prior to the publication of updated guidance regarding addressing the sociocultural identities of participants in publications. The results indicate that despite progress since previous content analyses were published, there was considerable room for improvement as of 2020. Greater attention to sociocultural factors will facilitate our understanding of the generalizability of our research and of the experiences of people with nondominant identities. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147751341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Are feigning screens “competent to stand trial”? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test, Atypical Presentation Scales, and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology.","authors":"Nishant Krishnan, Michael D. Trood, Janet Ruffles, Grant Blake, James R. P. Ogloff","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000661","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVECompetency to stand trial evaluations represent the most common psycho-legal assessment in the United States. Notwithstanding, evaluators may face additional complexity when they suspect malingering or overreporting of psychopathology. Despite the importance of routine screening for overreporting, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the most appropriate screening tool for this context. This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the utility of three commonly used screening tools-Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test (M-FAST), Evaluation of Competency to Stand Trial-Revised Atypical Presentation (ATP) Scales, and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology (SIMS)-in differentiating defendants who overreport psychopathology from those who do not (\"comparators\") in competency to stand trial evaluations.HYPOTHESESWe hypothesized that all three tools would significantly discriminate between overreporters and comparators, with the ATP Scales demonstrating the largest effect size, and each tool would demonstrate high sensitivity but moderate specificity at their recommended cutoffs.METHODWe examined 14 research reports with 20 effect sizes, comprising a total of 1,929 participants (Mage = 31.22, SD = 3.98).RESULTSFindings showed that the pooled effect sizes for the M-FAST (k = 13, g = 2.75, 95% CI [2.18, 3.32]), ATP Scales (k = 5, g = 1.96, 95% CI [1.37, 2.54]), and SIMS (k = 2, g = 2.99, 95% CI [2.50, 3.48]) were all very large, far exceeding standards for interpreting effect sizes in malingering research. Owing to a paucity of data, further analysis of the SIMS was not feasible. Moreover, the M-FAST and ATP Scales demonstrated psychometric utility as screening tools, with sensitivity rates of .87 and .91, respectively.CONCLUSIONSBoth the M-FAST and ATP Scales appear to be effective screening tools for identifying examinees who do not require further symptom validity testing. However, considering the elevated false positive rate, positive results necessitate follow-up assessment. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Field reliability of the Psychopathy Checklist–Revised among life-sentenced prisoners in Sweden: A follow-up study.","authors":"Johanna Kindbom Land, Ronald van den Berg, Björn Hofvander, Martin Sellbom, Malin Pauli","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000664","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEThe Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R) is widely used in forensic and clinical contexts, yet its reliability in high-stakes legal settings remains uncertain. In Sweden, it is routinely applied in court-ordered assessments for life-sentenced prisoners seeking commutation, making score consistency crucial. Sturup et al. (2014) found lower interrater reliability in this context compared with controlled research studies. This study examines whether reliability has increased since their publication and evaluates the incremental contribution of these assessments to structured professional judgment risk classifications.HYPOTHESESDue to increased training and experience, we expected improved reliability compared with that of Sturup et al.'s study.METHODWe estimated interrater reliability of PCL-R total and facet scores using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for 76 life-sentenced prisoners (75 males, one female) who had participated in 217 risk assessments by the Swedish National Board of Forensic Medicine (2013-2023). Associations between PCL-R, Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20, and structured professional judgment risk classifications were tested with ordinal mixed-effects models.RESULTSThe results mirror those of Sturup et al., indicating no substantial improvement in interrater reliability over the last decade. Specifically, the PCL-R total score had an ICC = .73, and the facet-level ICCs were .88 (antisocial), .65 (interpersonal), .59 (affective), and .59 (lifestyle). Only 27% of score differences between assessments fell within one standard error of measurement, indicating more variability than expected based on the manual. Moreover, Historical-Clinical-Risk Management-20 scores were better predictors of the risk classification than the PCL-R scores, indicating limited incremental value of the latter.CONCLUSIONSReliability of the PCL-R in Swedish forensic assessments has not improved over the past decade and remains moderate. Moreover, structured violence risk factors may weigh more heavily in final judgments than psychopathy ratings. While this reliance may limit the impact of variability in PCL-R scoring, caution is warranted when using psychopathy assessments in high-stakes legal decisions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supplemental Material for Are Feigning Screens “Competent to Stand Trial”? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Miller Forensic Assessment of Symptoms Test, Atypical Presentation Scales, and Structured Inventory of Malingered Symptomatology","authors":"","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000661.supp","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000661.supp","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147667111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Framing legal fines: How message presentation affects severity perceptions.","authors":"Eunny Kim,Kwanho Suk","doi":"10.1037/lhb0000656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000656","url":null,"abstract":"OBJECTIVEIn many public settings, legal notices communicate fines for minor violations, often using different phrasings such as \"up to,\" \"maximum,\" \"or below,\" or \"range.\" This research examines whether these wording differences influence perceived severity and deterrence intentions.HYPOTHESESWe hypothesized that up-to and maximum frames would elicit higher perceived severity than or-below and range frames, with the range frame yielding the lowest severity perceptions. We further anticipated that these effects would be mitigated for more serious offenses.METHODThree preregistered between-subjects experiments (Study 1: N = 401; Study 2: N = 400; Study 3: N = 400; all U.K. adults) presented participants with public notice scenarios. Participants read a notice about a minor offense (littering) in Studies 1 and 2 and a more serious offense (vandalism) in Study 3. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four framing conditions and reported perceived severity, penalty estimates, and deterrence intentions.RESULTSFor the minor offense (Studies 1 and 2), up-to and maximum frames resulted in the highest perceived severity, followed by the or-below frame, with the range frame yielding the lowest. The range frame also resulted in significantly lower penalty estimates and weaker deterrence intentions. However, when the same framing manipulation was applied to a more serious offense (Study 3), these effects disappeared: framing did not significantly influence perceived severity, penalty expectations, or deterrence intentions.CONCLUSIONSFine-framing matters primarily when the offense is minor and the consequences are relatively ambiguous. As offenses become more serious, perceptions appear to be anchored by the inherent gravity of the violation, reducing sensitivity to wording differences. This research identifies a boundary condition for linguistic framing effects in legal communication and suggests that strategically chosen fine frames may serve as an effective, low-cost tool to promote compliance in everyday public behavior contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":48230,"journal":{"name":"Law and Human Behavior","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147619474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}