{"title":"Digital technology upgrading in manufacturing, digital finance, and revenue liquidity","authors":"Zhouding Liu , Chang Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104857","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of the digital economy, upgrading digital technologies in the manufacturing sector has become an important driver of high-quality corporate development. This paper systematically examines the impact of digital technology upgrading in the manufacturing industry on corporate revenue liquidity, based on data from A-share manufacturing listed companies in China from 2011 to 2023. The research findings indicate that: first, digital technology upgrading in manufacturing significantly enhances corporate revenue liquidity; second, digital finance plays a mediating role between manufacturing digital technology upgrading and corporate revenue liquidity; third, the improvement of human capital also serves as a mediator in the relationship between manufacturing digital technology upgrading and corporate revenue liquidity; fourth, heterogeneity analysis reveals that the impact of digital technology upgrading on corporate revenue liquidity varies depending on different levels of board independence; fifth, there is heterogeneity in the effect of digital technology upgrading on corporate revenue liquidity between loss-making and non-loss-making enterprises. Based on these conclusions, this paper recommends accelerating the digital transformation of manufacturing, promoting the deep integration of digital finance with the real economy, placing emphasis on human capital investment and talent structure optimization, improving corporate governance structure, and implementing differentiated policy support according to the heterogeneous characteristics of enterprises to enhance operational resilience and sustainable development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104857"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jianan Li, Yunlong Guo, Lei Wei, Xiaoxiao Niu, Wentong Li
{"title":"Patient capital and supply chain resilience in manufacturing enterprises: An analysis from the perspectives of funding, governance, and innovation","authors":"Jianan Li, Yunlong Guo, Lei Wei, Xiaoxiao Niu, Wentong Li","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104905","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104905","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Against the backdrop of rising uncertainties such as de-globalization, trade frictions, and geopolitical tensions, enhancing supply chain resilience has become a key strategic imperative for China's transformation from a “manufacturing giant” to a “manufacturing power.” This paper investigates the impact and underlying mechanisms of patient capital on the supply chain resilience of Chinese A-share listed manufacturing firms from 2011 to 2023. The findings show that Patient capital has a positive effect on the supply chain resilience of manufacturing enterprises, and this conclusion remains robust after addressing endogeneity concerns and conducting multiple robustness checks. Mechanism analyses reveal that patient capital strengthens resilience by alleviating financing constraints, enhancing ESG performance, and promoting technological innovation—thus contributing from the perspectives of funding, governance, and innovation. Heterogeneity analyses indicate that the positive effect of patient capital on supply chain resilience is more pronounced under the following conditions: (1) Internal factors—non-state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs), small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), and high-tech enterprises; (2) External factors—firms located in eastern regions, with higher marketization levels and stronger intellectual property protection;(3) Supply chain factors—firms with diversified supplier structures, stable customer relationships, higher supply chain transparency, and better supply chain operating environments. Further analysis indicates that the digital economy and trade friction risks enhance the positive effect of patient capital on supply chain resilience. Additionally, patient capital creates sustainable long-term financial value for companies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104905"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689477","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating undisclosed corporate greenhouse gas emissions using energy consumption data as privileged information","authors":"Haonan Wen , Yingjie Tian , Kun Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions disclosure remains incomplete, particularly in markets with weak regulatory enforcement. Given the strong correlation between energy consumption and GHG emissions, energy consumption data can serve as a crucial predictor for estimating corporate GHG emissions. However, similar to GHG emissions, corporate disclosure on energy consumption is often unavailable on a scale, limiting their utility in existing estimation methods. To address this challenge, we introduce frameworks of Learning Using Privileged Information (LUPI) and Generalized Distillation (GD) into the problem of corporate GHG emissions estimation, treating energy consumption data as privileged information, which is available during model training but not available during inference. We propose a teacher–student framework that incorporates a reliability-weighted distillation loss, enabling the student model to selectively learn from more reliable teacher outputs. Empirical results based on Chinese A-share and Hong Kong-listed companies demonstrate that our method improves the accuracy of the estimation while preserving the universality of the model across companies with varying disclosure levels, offering a scalable solution to address corporate GHG emissions disclosure gaps.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104987"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145731908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Trolls at the gate: How Chinese “internet water armies” undermine corporate social responsibility","authors":"Jian Hu , Dekun Liu , Zhi Tan","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104832","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104832","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper examines how internet water armies affects the fulfillment of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and explores its underlying mechanisms. By fabricating false information and manipulating public opinion, these armies exerts a significant negative impact on CSR performance. Findings reveal that this presence not only discourages firms from fulfilling CSR but also weakens their motivation by intensifying financing constraints and damaging corporate reputation. Heterogeneity analysis further shows that these negative effects are stronger among firms with high media exposure and poor information disclosure quality, as well as state-owned enterprises. This study enriches the literature on digital governance and CSR while offering policy insights for enhancing online governance and fostering responsible corporate behavior.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104832"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145686031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The role of new quality productive forces in manufacturing green innovation performance under tax incentives","authors":"Yuan Qi , Zhongliang Wen","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104852","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104852","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the impact mechanism of new quality productive forces on green innovation performance driven by tax incentives, using a sample of China's a-share manufacturing listed companies from 2015 to 2023. The findings reveal that new quality productive forces significantly enhance green innovation performance, with this effect being more pronounced in high-tech industries and non-labor-intensive enterprises. Furthermore, both tax incentives and heterogeneity in executives' backgrounds demonstrate significant moderating effects. This research offers practical insights for optimizing innovation policy systems and promoting the green transformation of the manufacturing sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104852"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Xinya Wang , Huifang Liu , Shupei Huang , Brian Lucey
{"title":"Retraction notice to “Identifying the multiscale financial contagion in precious metal markets” [FINANA 63 (2019) 209–219]","authors":"Xinya Wang , Huifang Liu , Shupei Huang , Brian Lucey","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105077","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105077","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 105077"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145957355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodiversity risk exposure and corporate risk-taking","authors":"Jinyu Yang, Chao Liang, Lihua Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104844","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104844","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>10-K reports transcend mere biodiversity risk disclosure, reflecting companies' proactive approaches to risk management. According to risk and reputation theories, this positive attitude towards risk management and the potential good reputation that it may bring about have won companies a greater number of financing opportunities, thereby increasing the possibility of risk-taking. By examining data from U.S. listed companies, we obtain findings that indicate that firm-level biodiversity risk significantly positively affects corporate risk-taking. Mechanism analysis reveals that biodiversity risk exposure alleviates financing constraints, fostering risk-taking. In addition, the empirical results of the moderating effect analysis reveal that the effects of firm-level biodiversity risk on risk-taking are more pronounced for firms with nonfemale executives, a shorter executive tenure, and a lower level of ownership concentration than for other firms. Our findings offer new insights for policy makers, managers, and investors to focus on the relationship between a firm's biodiversity risk exposure and its risk-taking behaviour.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104844"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Can digital finance mitigate the inhibitory effect of cultural distance on infrastructure investment? An empirical analysis based on countries along the belt and road initiative","authors":"Haiyan Zeng , Zhichao Zhang , Xiaoyun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104893","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2025.104893","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Based on panel data from Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries spanning 2001 to 2023, this paper systematically analyzes the impact of cultural distance on infrastructure investment and examines the moderating roles of digital finance and foreign direct investment (FDI) in this relationship. The research findings indicate that, first, cultural distance significantly inhibits the level of infrastructure investment; second, digital finance plays a moderating role between cultural distance and infrastructure investment; third, FDI also functions as a moderator in the relationship between cultural distance and infrastructure investment; and fourth, the inhibitory effect of cultural distance on infrastructure investment exhibits heterogeneity across countries with different geopolitical risks and varying per capita Gross National Income (GNI). The conclusions of this paper not only enrich the body of research on the relationships among cultural distance, digital finance, and infrastructure investment, but also provide insights for policymakers in BRI countries formulating relevant policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 104893"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145689481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gaussian Mixture systemic risk measures in international equity markets","authors":"Sung Ik Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.irfa.2026.105094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We develop a framework to measure systemic risk in international equity markets by integrating ARMA-GARCH dynamics with Dynamic Conditional Correlation (DCC) and Gaussian Mixture (GM) innovations. The specification captures heavy tails, regime dependence, and time-varying co-movement, and incorporates foreign exchange (FX) risk by modeling all equity returns in U.S. dollars. Using daily data for 10 major equity indices from 2000–2024, we estimate rolling joint predictive distributions and simulate conditional tail measures — <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mi>Δ</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>o</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>a</mi><mi>R</mi></mrow></math></span>. Out-of-sample backtests (Kupiec, Christoffersen, and Dynamic Quantiles tests) indicate strong tail calibration and conditional coverage. Empirically, systemic spillovers are highly time varying and intensify around major global stress episodes; adjusting for FX materially amplifies magnitudes and often reorders systemic risk contributors, especially in emerging markets. These results underscore the importance of modeling currency risk and non-Gaussian shocks when assessing cross-border vulnerabilities. The proposed GM-DCC framework provides a practical tool for investors, policymakers, and regulators to detect and monitor global financial fragility with greater precision.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48226,"journal":{"name":"International Review of Financial Analysis","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 105094"},"PeriodicalIF":9.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145961873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}