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High School Majors and Future Earnings 高中专业和未来收入
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210292
Gordon B. Dahl, Dan‐Olof Rooth, A. Stenberg
{"title":"High School Majors and Future Earnings","authors":"Gordon B. Dahl, Dan‐Olof Rooth, A. Stenberg","doi":"10.1257/app.20210292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210292","url":null,"abstract":"We study how high school majors affect adult earnings using a regression discontinuity design. In Sweden students are admitted to majors in tenth grade based on their preference rankings and ninth grade GPA. We find engineering, natural science, and business majors yield higher earnings than social science and humanities, with major-specific returns also varying based on next-best alternatives. There is either a zero or a negative return to completing an academic program for students with a second-best nonacademic major. Most of the differences in adult earnings can be attributed to differences in occupation, and to a lesser extent, college major. (JEL I21, I26, J24, J31)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80966554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Wage Stagnation and the Decline of Standardized Pay Rates, 1974–1991 1974-1991年，工资停滞和标准工资率下降
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200819
Maxim Massenkoff, Nathan Wilmers
{"title":"Wage Stagnation and the Decline of Standardized Pay Rates, 1974–1991","authors":"Maxim Massenkoff, Nathan Wilmers","doi":"10.1257/app.20200819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200819","url":null,"abstract":"Using new establishment-by-occupation microdata, we show that the use of discretionary wage setting significantly expanded in the 1970s and 1980s. Increasingly, wages for blue-collar workers were not standardized by job title or seniority but instead subject to managerial discretion. When establishments abandoned standardized pay rates, wages fell, particularly for the lowest-paid workers in a job and for those in establishments that previously paid above market rates. This shift away from standardized pay rates, in context of a broader decline in worker bargaining power, accelerated the decline in real wages experienced by blue-collar workers in the 1980s. (JEL J31, J33, J52, M52, O33)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75691694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Winners and Losers? The Effect of Gaining and Losing Access to Selective Colleges on Education and Labor Market Outcomes 赢家和输家?获得和失去进入名牌大学的机会对教育和劳动力市场结果的影响
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200137
Sandra Black, Jeffrey Denning, Jesse Rothstein
{"title":"Winners and Losers? The Effect of Gaining and Losing Access to Selective Colleges on Education and Labor Market Outcomes","authors":"Sandra Black, Jeffrey Denning, Jesse Rothstein","doi":"10.1257/app.20200137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200137","url":null,"abstract":"We use the introduction of the Texas Top Ten Percent rule to estimate the effect of access to a selective college on graduation and earnings outcomes for two groups of students. For highly ranked students at more disadvantaged high schools, who gained access under the policy, college enrollment and graduation increased. Less highly ranked students at more advantaged schools, who tended to lose access, shifted toward less-selective colleges under the policy, but did not see declines in overall college enrollment, graduation, or earnings. The policy thus benefited students targeted for admission without evidence of adverse effects on displaced students. (JEL I21, I23, I24, I26)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136092734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Labor Supply and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Termination of the Bracero Program in 1964 劳动力供给与指导性技术变革:来自1964年布拉塞罗计划终止的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200664
Shmuel San
{"title":"Labor Supply and Directed Technical Change: Evidence from the Termination of the Bracero Program in 1964","authors":"Shmuel San","doi":"10.1257/app.20200664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200664","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the impact of labor supply on the creation of new technology, exploiting a large exogenous shock to the US agricultural labor supply caused by the termination of the Bracero agreements between the US and Mexico at the end of 1964. Using a text-search algorithm allocating patents to crops, I show a negative labor-supply shock induced a sharp increase in innovation in technologies related to more affected crops. The effect is stronger for technology related to labor-intensive production tasks. Farm-value dynamics indicate that, despite the positive technology reaction, the policy change was undesirable for farm owners. (JEL J22, J43, N32, O33, O34, Q12, Q16)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"528 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134955528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Strategic Formal Layoffs: Unemployment Insurance and Informal Labor Markets 战略性正式裁员:失业保险与非正式劳动力市场
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200787
Bernardus Van Doornik, David Schoenherr, Janis Skrastins
{"title":"Strategic Formal Layoffs: Unemployment Insurance and Informal Labor Markets","authors":"Bernardus Van Doornik, David Schoenherr, Janis Skrastins","doi":"10.1257/app.20200787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200787","url":null,"abstract":"Exploiting an unemployment insurance reform in Brazil, we study incentive effects of UI in the presence of informal labor markets. We find that eligibility for UI benefits increases formal layoffs by 11 percent. Most of the additional layoffs are related to workers transitioning to informal employment. We further document formal layoff and recall patterns consistent with rent extraction from the UI system. Workers are laid off as they become eligible for UI benefits and recalled when benefits cease. These patterns are stronger for industries and municipalities with a high degree of labor market informality. (JEL J22, J46, J63, J65, K31, O15)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135076322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Employer Responses to Family Leave Programs 雇主对探亲假计划的反应
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200448
Arizo Karimi, Rita Ginja, Pengpeng Xiao
{"title":"Employer Responses to Family Leave Programs","authors":"Arizo Karimi, Rita Ginja, Pengpeng Xiao","doi":"10.1257/app.20200448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200448","url":null,"abstract":"Search frictions make worker turnover costly to firms. A three-month parental leave expansion in Sweden provides exogenous variation that we use to quantify firms’ adjustment costs upon worker absence. The reform increased women’s leave duration and likelihood of separating from pre-birth employers. Firms with greater exposure to the reform hired additional workers and increased coworkers to make it coworkers’ hours, incurring wage costs corresponding to 10 full-time equivalent months in addition to replacing the workers. These adjustment costs varied by firms’ availability of internal substitutes. We also analyze a daddy-month reform and find similar employer responses to male workers’ leave, albeit smaller in magnitude. (JEL J16, J22, J32, J64, M52)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"30 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136297301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Leave the Door Open? Prison Conditions and Recidivism 让门开着?监狱条件和累犯
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20190038
G. Mastrobuoni, D. Terlizzese
{"title":"Leave the Door Open? Prison Conditions and Recidivism","authors":"G. Mastrobuoni, D. Terlizzese","doi":"10.1257/app.20190038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190038","url":null,"abstract":"We estimate the effect on recidivism of replacing time served in a common closed-cell prison with time served in an open-cell one. We deal with the endogenous assignment of inmates to different prison regimes using variation that is driven by nearby prisons’ overcrowding. Switching regimes for a year reduces recidivism by around 6 percentage points. The effects are largest for inmates with low levels of education and are weak for violent and hardened criminals. (JEL K14, K42)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"334 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76375203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 15
The Round Trip Effect: Endogenous Transport Costs and International Trade 往返效应:内生运输成本与国际贸易
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20190721
Woan Foong Wong
{"title":"The Round Trip Effect: Endogenous Transport Costs and International Trade","authors":"Woan Foong Wong","doi":"10.1257/app.20190721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20190721","url":null,"abstract":"Container ships travel between a fixed set of origins and destinations in round trips, inducing a negative correlation in their freight rates. I study the implications of this round trip effect on international trade and trade policy. I identify this effect and develop an instrument using it to estimate the impact of transport costs on trade. I simulate counterfactual import tariff increases in a quantitative model and quantify the importance of endogenizing transport costs with respect to this effect: an exogenous transport costs model predicts a trade balance improvement from protectionist policies, while the round trip model finds the opposite. (JEL D22, F13, F14, L92, R41)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74594656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Pathways into Opioid Dependence: Evidence from Practice Variation in Emergency Departments 阿片类药物依赖的途径:来自急诊科实践变化的证据
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210048
Sarah Eichmeyer, Jonathan Zhang
{"title":"Pathways into Opioid Dependence: Evidence from Practice Variation in Emergency Departments","authors":"Sarah Eichmeyer, Jonathan Zhang","doi":"10.1257/app.20210048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210048","url":null,"abstract":"We use practice variation across physicians to uncover the role of medical care in causing opioid dependence. Using health records of 2 million US veterans with emergency department visits, we find that quasi-random assignment to a top (versus bottom) decile prescribing provider significantly increases subsequent opioid use and misuse rates. Instrumental variable results show that opioid prescription receipt leads to a 20 percent increase in the probability of long-term prescription opioid use and sizable increases in the development of opioid use disorder and opioid overdose mortality. We find suggestive evidence of transition into illicit opioids due to prescription opioid exposure. (JEL I11, I12, I18)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78116656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Using Individual-Level Randomized Treatment to Learn about Market Structure 运用个体水平随机化处理了解市场结构
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2022-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200306
L. Casaburi, T. Reed
{"title":"Using Individual-Level Randomized Treatment to Learn about Market Structure","authors":"L. Casaburi, T. Reed","doi":"10.1257/app.20200306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200306","url":null,"abstract":"Interference across competing firms in RCTs can be informative about market structure. An experiment that subsidizes a random subset of traders who buy cocoa from farmers in Sierra Leone illustrates this idea. Interpreting treatment-control differences in prices and quantities purchased from farmers through a model of Cournot competition reveals differentiation between traders is low. Combining this result with quasi-experimental variation in world prices shows that the number of traders competing is 50 percent higher than the number operating in a village. Own-price and cross-price supply elasticities are high. Farmers face a competitive market in this first stage of the value chain. (JEL L13, L14, O13, Q12, Q13)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91224196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
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