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When Dad Can Stay Home: Fathers' Workplace Flexibility and Maternal Health. 当爸爸可以呆在家里：父亲的工作灵活性和母亲的健康。
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2024-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20220400
Petra Persson, Maya Rossin-Slater
{"title":"When Dad Can Stay Home: Fathers' Workplace Flexibility and Maternal Health.","authors":"Petra Persson, Maya Rossin-Slater","doi":"10.1257/app.20220400","DOIUrl":"10.1257/app.20220400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We study how fathers' access to workplace flexibility affects maternal postpartum health. We use variation from a Swedish reform that granted new fathers more flexibility to take intermittent parental leave during the postpartum period and show that increasing the father's temporal flexibility-and thereby his ability to be present at home together with the mother-reduces the incidence of maternal postpartum health complications. Our results suggest that mothers bear part of the burden from a lack of workplace flexibility for men because a father's inability to respond to domestic shocks exacerbates the maternal health cost of childbearing.</p>","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"16 4","pages":"186-219"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12463307/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145186472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affirmative Action and Precollege Human Capital. 平权行动与大学前人力资本。
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210807
Mitra Akhtari, Natalie Bau, Jean-William Laliberté
{"title":"Affirmative Action and Precollege Human Capital.","authors":"Mitra Akhtari, Natalie Bau, Jean-William Laliberté","doi":"10.1257/app.20210807","DOIUrl":"10.1257/app.20210807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Though racial affirmative action (AA) policies are widespread in college admissions, evidence on their effects before college is limited. We study a US Supreme Court ruling that reinstated AA in three states. Using nationwide SAT data, we separately identify positive effects of AA for Whites and underrepresented minorities. Using Texas administrative data, we find that AA narrowed racial gaps in grades, attendance, and college applications. Improvements in minorities' precollege human capital and college applications are concentrated in the top half of the test score distribution among the students for whom the policy most increases the returns to human capital investment.</p>","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"16 1","pages":"1-32"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12448674/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145114805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Temporal Instability of Risk Preference among the Poor: Evidence from Payday Cycles 穷人风险偏好的时间不稳定性:来自发薪日周期的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20220073
Mika Akesaka, Peter Eibich, Chie Hanaoka, Hitoshi Shigeoka
{"title":"Temporal Instability of Risk Preference among the Poor: Evidence from Payday Cycles","authors":"Mika Akesaka, Peter Eibich, Chie Hanaoka, Hitoshi Shigeoka","doi":"10.1257/app.20220073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220073","url":null,"abstract":"The poor live paycheck to paycheck and are repeatedly exposed to strong cyclical income fluctuations. We investigate whether such income fluctuations affect their risk preference. If risk preference temporarily changes around payday, optimal decisions made before payday may no longer be optimal afterward, which could reinforce poverty. By exploiting social security payday cycles in the United States, we find that the poor relying heavily on social security become more risk tolerant before payday. More than cognitive decline before payday, the deterioration of mental health and relative deprivation are likely to play a role. We find similar evidence among the Japanese elderly. (JEL D81, D91, G51, I12, I32, J14, J31)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis 危机时期的公民自由
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210736
Marcella Alsan, Luca Braghieri, Sarah Eichmeyer, Minjeong Joyce Kim, Stefanie Stantcheva, David Y. Yang
{"title":"Civil Liberties in Times of Crisis","authors":"Marcella Alsan, Luca Braghieri, Sarah Eichmeyer, Minjeong Joyce Kim, Stefanie Stantcheva, David Y. Yang","doi":"10.1257/app.20210736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210736","url":null,"abstract":"We study people's willingness to trade off civil liberties for increased health security in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic by deploying representative surveys involving around 550,000 responses across 15 countries. We document significant heterogeneity across groups in willingness to sacrifice rights: citizens disadvantaged by income, education, or race are less willing to sacrifice rights than their more advantaged peers in every country. Leveraging naturally occurring variation and experimental approaches, we estimate a one standard deviation increase in health insecurity increases willingness to sacrifice civil liberties by 68–83 percent of the difference between the average Chinese and US citizen. (JEL D12, D91, I12, I18, K38, O17, P36)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136119739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Discrimination in Times of Crises and the Role of the Media 危机时期的歧视与媒体的作用
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210732
Asaf Zussman
{"title":"Discrimination in Times of Crises and the Role of the Media","authors":"Asaf Zussman","doi":"10.1257/app.20210732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210732","url":null,"abstract":"Can the extent of ethnic discrimination change quickly, and what circumstances and mechanisms make such changes possible? I address these questions by using scraped data to study the daily evolution of customer discrimination against Arab doctors in Israel from January 2020 to June 2021. Results show that: (1) the outbreak of the coronavirus crisis in March 2020 led to a dramatic decline in discrimination; (2) the eruption of a wave of ethnic riots in May 2021 had the opposite effect; (3) media coverage of the contribution of Arab doctors to the fight against the pandemic helped bring about the first change. (JEL D91, I12, J15, J44, L82)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Effect of Hospital Postpartum Care Regulations on Breastfeeding and Maternal Time Allocation 医院产后护理规定对母乳喂养及产妇时间分配的影响
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20220201
Emily C. Lawler, Katherine G. Yewell
{"title":"The Effect of Hospital Postpartum Care Regulations on Breastfeeding and Maternal Time Allocation","authors":"Emily C. Lawler, Katherine G. Yewell","doi":"10.1257/app.20220201","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220201","url":null,"abstract":"We study the effects of state hospital regulations intended to increase breastfeeding by requiring certain standards of care during the immediate postpartum hospital stay. We find that these regulations significantly increased breastfeeding initiation by 3.8 percentage points (5.1 percent) and the probability of breastfeeding at 3 and 6 months postpartum by approximately 7 percent. We also provide evidence that these breastfeeding-promoting policies significantly increased maternal time spent on child care, crowding out time spent on formal work. Observed reductions in employment are concentrated among mothers with infants between zero and three months of age. (JEL H75, I11, I18, J13, J16, J22)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Contagious Dishonesty: Corruption Scandals and Supermarket Theft 传染性不诚实:腐败丑闻和超市盗窃
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210446
Giorgio Gulino, Federico Masera
{"title":"Contagious Dishonesty: Corruption Scandals and Supermarket Theft","authors":"Giorgio Gulino, Federico Masera","doi":"10.1257/app.20210446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210446","url":null,"abstract":"Is dishonest behavior contagious? We answer this question by studying whether corruption scandals affect the propensity of supermarket customers to steal while using a self-service checkout system. Crucially, this system allows shoppers to engage in dishonest behavior by underreporting the value of their shopping cart. Exploiting data from random audits on shoppers, we show that the probability of stealing increases by 16 percent after a local corruption scandal breaks. This effect is not driven by any change in material incentives. Suggestive evidence shows that it is driven by a reduction in the self-imposed cost of stealing. (JEL D12, D73, D91, K42, L81, Z13)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Do Households Respond to Job Loss? Lessons from Multiple High-Frequency Datasets 家庭如何应对失业?来自多个高频数据集的经验教训
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210206
Asger Lau Andersen, Amalie Sofie Jensen, Niels Johannesen, Claus T. Kreiner, Søren Leth-Petersen, Adam Sheridan
{"title":"How Do Households Respond to Job Loss? Lessons from Multiple High-Frequency Datasets","authors":"Asger Lau Andersen, Amalie Sofie Jensen, Niels Johannesen, Claus T. Kreiner, Søren Leth-Petersen, Adam Sheridan","doi":"10.1257/app.20210206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210206","url":null,"abstract":"How much and through which channels do households self-insure against job loss? Combining data from a large bank and from government sources, we quantify a broad range of responses to job loss in a unified empirical framework. Cumulated over a two-year period, households reduce spending by 30 percent of their income loss. They mainly self-insure through adjustments of liquid balances, which account for 50 percent of the income loss. Other channels—spousal labor supply, private transfers, home equity extraction, mortgage refinancing, and consumer credit—contribute less to self-insurance. Both overall self-insurance and the channels vary with household characteristics in intuitive ways. (JEL D12, G21, G51, J64, J65)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136119569","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Collateralized Marriage 抵押的婚姻
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210614
Jeanne Lafortune, Corinne Low
{"title":"Collateralized Marriage","authors":"Jeanne Lafortune, Corinne Low","doi":"10.1257/app.20210614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210614","url":null,"abstract":"Marriage rates have become increasingly stratified by homeownership. We investigate this in a household model where investments in public goods reduce future earnings and, thus, divorce risk creates inefficiencies. Access to a joint savings technology, like a house, collateralizes marriage, providing insurance to the lower-earning partner and increasing specialization, public goods, and value from marriage. We use idiosyncratic variation in housing prices to show that homeownership access indeed leads to greater specialization. The model also predicts that policies that erode the marriage contract in other ways will make wealth a more important determinant of marriage, which we confirm empirically. (JEL D12, D86, G51, H41, J12, R31)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Front Matter 前页
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-10-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.15.4.i
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/app.15.4.i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.15.4.i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135367653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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