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American Economic Journal-Applied Economics最新文献

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Emigration and Entrepreneurial Drain 移民和企业家流失
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210194
M. Anelli, G. Basso, Giuseppe Ippedico, G. Peri
{"title":"Emigration and Entrepreneurial Drain","authors":"M. Anelli, G. Basso, Giuseppe Ippedico, G. Peri","doi":"10.1257/app.20210194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210194","url":null,"abstract":"Emigration of young, highly educated individuals may deprive origin countries of entrepreneurs. We identify exogenous variation in emigration from Italy by interacting past diaspora networks and current economic pull factors in destination countries. We find that a 1 standard deviation increase in the emigration rate generates a 4.8 percent decline in firms' creation in the local labor market of origin. An accounting exercise decomposes the estimated effect into four components: subtraction of individuals with average entrepreneurial propensity, selection of young and college-educated among emigrants, negative spillovers on firm creation, and selection on unobservable characteristics positively associated with entrepreneurship. (JEL F22, J23, J82, L26, M13, R23)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90461476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
When Externalities Collide: Influenza and Pollution 当外部性碰撞:流感和污染
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-04-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210500
Joshua Graff Zivin, Matthew Neidell, Nicholas J. Sanders, Gregor Singer
{"title":"When Externalities Collide: Influenza and Pollution","authors":"Joshua Graff Zivin, Matthew Neidell, Nicholas J. Sanders, Gregor Singer","doi":"10.1257/app.20210500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210500","url":null,"abstract":"Influenza and air pollution each pose significant health risks with global economic consequences. Their shared etiological pathways present a case of compounding health risk via interacting externalities. Using instrumental variables based on changing wind direction, we show that increased levels of contemporaneous pollution increase influenza hospitalizations. We exploit random variation in effectiveness of the influenza vaccine as an additional instrument to show that vaccine protection neutralizes this relationship. Thus, pollution control and vaccination campaigns jointly provide greater returns than those implied by addressing either in isolation. We show the importance of this consideration in addressing observed gaps in influenza incidence by race. (JEL D62, I12, J15, Q51, Q53)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"388 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135169991","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentivized Peer Referrals for Tuberculosis Screening: Evidence from India 激励同行推荐结核病筛查:来自印度的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200721
Jessica Goldberg, Mario Macis, P. Chintagunta
{"title":"Incentivized Peer Referrals for Tuberculosis Screening: Evidence from India","authors":"Jessica Goldberg, Mario Macis, P. Chintagunta","doi":"10.1257/app.20200721","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200721","url":null,"abstract":"We study whether and how peer referrals increase screening, testing, and identification of patients with tuberculosis, an infectious disease responsible for over one million deaths annually. In an experiment with 3,176 patients at 122 tuberculosis treatment centers in India, we find that small financial incentives raise the probability that existing patients refer prospective patients for screening and testing, resulting in cost-effective identification of new cases. Incentivized referrals operate through two mechanisms: peers have private information about individuals in their social networks to target for outreach, and they are more effective than health workers in inducing these individuals to get tested. (JEL H51, I12, I18, O15, Z13)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135181175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Employee Costs of Corporate Debarment in Public Procurement 公共采购中企业行为障碍的员工成本
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200669
Christiane Szerman
{"title":"The Employee Costs of Corporate Debarment in Public Procurement","authors":"Christiane Szerman","doi":"10.1257/app.20200669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200669","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies an anticorruption policy—corporate debarment, or blacklisting—to understand how disclosing illicit corporate practices and the sanctions for these practices affect firm and worker outcomes. Exploiting a policy change in Brazil that imposed stricter penalties for corrupt firms, I find that debarment is associated with a sizable decline in employment and an increase in the probability of exiting the formal sector. I also document that workers’ annual earnings fall after debarment. The impacts are driven by lost revenues from government contracts. The results shed light on the costs to workers in weighing the consequences of corruption crackdown. (JEL D73, E26, H57, H83, J31, K42, O17)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86337328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
A Glimpse of Freedom: Allied Occupation and Political Resistance in East Germany 自由的一瞥:东德的盟军占领和政治抵抗
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200456
Luis R. Martinez, Jonas Jessen, Guo Xu
{"title":"A Glimpse of Freedom: Allied Occupation and Political Resistance in East Germany","authors":"Luis R. Martinez, Jonas Jessen, Guo Xu","doi":"10.1257/app.20200456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200456","url":null,"abstract":"This paper exploits the idiosyncratic line of contact separating Allied and Soviet troops within East Germany at the end of WWII to study political resistance in a non-democracy. When Nazi Germany surrendered, 40 percent of what would become the authoritarian German Democratic Republic was initially under Allied control but was ceded to Soviet control less than two months later. Brief Allied exposure increased protests during the major 1953 uprising. We use novel data on the appointment of local mayors and a retrospective survey to argue that even a “glimpse of freedom” can foster civilian opposition to dictatorship. (JEL D72, D74, N44, P16)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134955529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Economic Incidence of Wildfire Suppression in the United States 美国野火扑灭的经济影响
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200662
Patrick Baylis, J. Boomhower
{"title":"The Economic Incidence of Wildfire Suppression in the United States","authors":"Patrick Baylis, J. Boomhower","doi":"10.1257/app.20200662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200662","url":null,"abstract":"This study measures the degree to which public expenditures on wild-fire protection subsidize development in harm’s way. We use administrative data on firefighting expenditures to measure the causal effect of nearby homes on the amount spent to extinguish wildfires. We use these estimates in an actuarial calculation yielding geographically differentiated expected implicit subsidies for homes across the western United States. The expected net present value of this subsidy can exceed 20 percent of home value, increases with fire hazard, and decreases surprisingly steeply with development density. We discuss potential behavioral responses by individuals and local governments using a simple economic model. (JEL D91, Q23, Q54, R52, R58)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90781411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
The Effect of Immigration Restrictions on Local Labor Markets: Lessons from the 1920s Border Closure 移民限制对当地劳动力市场的影响:20世纪20年代边境关闭的教训
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200807
Ran Abramitzky, P. Ager, L. Boustan, Elior Cohen, C. W. Hansen
{"title":"The Effect of Immigration Restrictions on Local Labor Markets: Lessons from the 1920s Border Closure","authors":"Ran Abramitzky, P. Ager, L. Boustan, Elior Cohen, C. W. Hansen","doi":"10.1257/app.20200807","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200807","url":null,"abstract":"In the 1920s, the United States substantially reduced immigration by imposing country-specific entry quotas. We compare local labor markets differentially exposed to the quotas due to variation in the national-origin mix of their immigrant population. US-born workers in areas losing immigrants did not benefit relative to workers in less exposed areas. Instead, in urban areas, European immigrants were replaced with internal migrants and immigrants from Mexico and Canada. By contrast, farmers shifted toward capital-intensive agriculture, and the immigrant-intensive mining industry contracted. These differences highlight the uneven effects of the quota system at the local level. (JEL J15, J18, J31, K37, N32, N42, R23)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79092420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
High School Majors and Future Earnings 高中专业和未来收入
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20210292
Gordon B. Dahl, Dan‐Olof Rooth, A. Stenberg
{"title":"High School Majors and Future Earnings","authors":"Gordon B. Dahl, Dan‐Olof Rooth, A. Stenberg","doi":"10.1257/app.20210292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20210292","url":null,"abstract":"We study how high school majors affect adult earnings using a regression discontinuity design. In Sweden students are admitted to majors in tenth grade based on their preference rankings and ninth grade GPA. We find engineering, natural science, and business majors yield higher earnings than social science and humanities, with major-specific returns also varying based on next-best alternatives. There is either a zero or a negative return to completing an academic program for students with a second-best nonacademic major. Most of the differences in adult earnings can be attributed to differences in occupation, and to a lesser extent, college major. (JEL I21, I26, J24, J31)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80966554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
The Impact of Income-Driven Repayment on Student Borrower Outcomes 收入驱动型还款对学生借款人结果的影响
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200362
Daniel Z. Herbst
{"title":"The Impact of Income-Driven Repayment on Student Borrower Outcomes","authors":"Daniel Z. Herbst","doi":"10.1257/app.20200362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200362","url":null,"abstract":"In the United States, most student loans follow a fixed payment schedule that falls early in borrowers’ careers. This structure provides no insurance against earnings risk and may increase student loan defaults. Income-driven repayment (IDR) plans are designed to help distressed student borrowers by lowering their monthly payments to a share of income. Using random variation in a loan servicer’s automatic dialing system, I find that IDR reduces delinquencies by 22 percentage points and decreases outstanding balances within eight months of take-up. I find suggestive long-run impacts on borrower credit scores, mortgage-holding rates, and other measures of financial health. (JEL G23, G51, H52, I22)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75101701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Wage Stagnation and the Decline of Standardized Pay Rates, 1974–1991 1974-1991年，工资停滞和标准工资率下降
IF 6.2 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Applied Economics Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1257/app.20200819
Maxim Massenkoff, Nathan Wilmers
{"title":"Wage Stagnation and the Decline of Standardized Pay Rates, 1974–1991","authors":"Maxim Massenkoff, Nathan Wilmers","doi":"10.1257/app.20200819","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20200819","url":null,"abstract":"Using new establishment-by-occupation microdata, we show that the use of discretionary wage setting significantly expanded in the 1970s and 1980s. Increasingly, wages for blue-collar workers were not standardized by job title or seniority but instead subject to managerial discretion. When establishments abandoned standardized pay rates, wages fell, particularly for the lowest-paid workers in a job and for those in establishments that previously paid above market rates. This shift away from standardized pay rates, in context of a broader decline in worker bargaining power, accelerated the decline in real wages experienced by blue-collar workers in the 1980s. (JEL J31, J33, J52, M52, O33)","PeriodicalId":48212,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Applied Economics","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75691694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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