Disability & Society最新文献

{"title":"Women’s experiences of special observations on locked wards","authors":"R. Fish","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2022.2034112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2022.2034112","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article discusses ‘special observation’, a practice used in inpatient units and in mental health and learning disability services. I present some perspectives on this practice from women detained on locked wards, and staff members. Despite the many valid criticisms, I show that constant observations can be used as a way to harness engagement and to improve relationships between staff and residents.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"528 - 533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46513888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Policies as barriers for disabled medical learners: exploratory study of learners’ perspectives","authors":"T. Jarus, Pamela Liao, A. Battalova, Julia Tikhonova, Samarpita Das, Vera Krejcik, Y. Mayer","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2022.2041403","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2022.2041403","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disabled medical learners have unique accommodation needs, given their diverse and changing learning environments and direct contact with patient-care. However, there are very limited policies and resources available in Canada to inform medical learners and educators about what accommodations are available to them, and little is known about the usefulness of existing policies. This study explored the perspectives of disabled medical learners on existing policies in medical schools. We conducted interviews with eight disabled medical learners, focusing on their experiences with their institutions’ disability-related policies. Interviews were thematically analyzed. The analysis demonstrated that there are gaps in services for medical learners. Participants did not feel that pre-existing policies were helpful in addressing the existing barriers. In addition, participants felt that the responsibility for navigating the system falls primarily on them. This study addresses some needed changes to create more inclusive environments in medical education. Points of interest Disabled medical learners have unique accommodation needs. In Canada there are limited policies and resources available to inform medical learners and educators about what accommodations are available. This study focuses on what disabled medical learners think about existing policies in medical schools. Services and procedures for supporting disabled learners are complex and inconsistent. The support system and attitudinal barriers are challenging to navigate. Negative perceptions of disability in medicine are persistent. Attitudinal changes, simplified services and procedures, and an inclusive learning environment can improve the experiences of disabled medical learners.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47097314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond binaries: complex roles and identities in critical mental health research","authors":"E. Tseris, Scarlett Franks, Eva Bright Hart","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2022.2034111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2022.2034111","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this article, we discuss our experiences on a project that is exploring gendered harms experienced by women during involuntary mental health treatment. We outline our journey towards a more complex understanding of our roles in the project, by considering the aspects of our identities that are hidden when situating ourselves only in terms of survivor or non-survivor researchers. In addition, we discuss expectations that are often present in research projects for survivor researchers to publicly disclose highly personal experiences, while non-survivor researchers face no such demands, and the myth of a homogenous survivor researcher identity. We discuss how critiquing binary identities, while still acknowledging power and difference, may open up new ideas about creative and strategic approaches to challenging and resisting psy-oppression.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"718 - 723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48781639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unearthing and addressing bias: understanding the connection between teacher dispositions and disproportionality","authors":"Adam Aloi, Christa S. Bialka","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2022.2041401","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2022.2041401","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Given the subjective nature of some disability diagnoses, one way to mitigate the disproportionate referral of students of color for Special Education in the United States is by unearthing teachers’ deep-seated biases regarding race and ability. Drawing on Freire’s (1970) theory of critical consciousness, we unpack the role that teacher dispositions play in upholding racism and ableism, and we offer strategies aimed to address teacher bias and ableist/racist practices. We use the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act as an example of institutional racism and ableism in the United States and consider how teacher dispositions can fuel disproportionality. Because of the importance of teacher training as an entry point into one’s career in education, we specifically focus on the teacher preparation period as a time and space where pre-service teachers (PSTs) can engage with their dispositions and offer concrete strategies that teacher educators can employ with PSTs.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"1689 - 1710"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44081444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The transformative dilemma of disabled students’ participation in the NCEE: moving toward inclusion or integration?","authors":"Yuanyuan Niu, Yuying Liu","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2022.2034600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2022.2034600","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A crucial component of the United Nations’ Conventions on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) is to promote ‘inclusive education’ for the disabled population. As a member of the CRPD, China has made transformative efforts to promote inclusive education for disabled students in the past decades, including policy changes in the National College Entrance Examination (NCEE). Through reviewing Chinese disabled students’ participation in the NCEE, this article concluded three historical stages – Exclusion, Specialization, and Integration –of China’s disability higher education. Although the past few decades have seen significantly increased access to higher education for disabled students due to legal, institutional, and social changes, the goal of ‘inclusive education’ is yet to come true. The NCEE Physical Examination Criteria shed light on the fundamental limitations in China’s current education system predisposed by the state’s political lens predicated upon managerialism and productivism. Considering China’s present conditions, we outline three ways of promoting disabled students’ right to higher education in reference to the CRPD.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"711 - 717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47426537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcement of doctoral theses","authors":"Mark Brown","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2021.2019998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2021.2019998","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"540 - 541"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47227998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participatory video and diagramming with disabled people in Burkina Faso","authors":"L. Bezzina","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2022.2034599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2022.2034599","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Disability research has made vast progress since Oliver’s (1992) call for it to challenge disabled people’s oppression. In Global South contexts such as Burkina Faso–where the research on which this paper is based was facilitated by the author–participatory diagramming and video are useful in creating spaces where disabled people can be heard. Nonetheless, these voices do not necessarily represent those of all disabled people. This paper tackles critiques of participatory methods, issues of representation, as well as power and positionality concerns arising from the involvement of western, non-disabled researchers. It ‘concludes’ that while participatory research might respond to the need for ethical research methods exploring disability in Global South contexts, the importance of reflexivity and of striving towards enabling and supporting research whose agenda is set by disabled persons from the Global South, should be at the fore. Points of Interest For the most part, research on disability and the lives of disabled persons takes place in Europe, North America and other similar contexts, and does not take into account the experiences of persons with disabilities in sub-Saharan Africa. Research which involves participants as researchers themselves aims to support disabled persons in fighting against the discrimination they encounter. Such research can involve different research methods, such as disabled persons creating their own film where they can make their voices heard. Methods like these are more ethical than traditional research methods like interviews, and help make visible the lives and experiences of persons with disabilities in countries like Burkina Faso. However, such participatory methods also have their drawbacks, some of which are discussed in this paper in order to reflect on the way forward for disability research in sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"1511 - 1533"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49350546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Disability on Arab screens: cripping class, religion, and gender in Syria, Egypt, and Lebanon","authors":"E. O’Dell","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2021.1997715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2021.1997715","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Arab cinema has not featured many protagonists with disabilities, but over the past two decades differently abled characters have appeared on movie and television screens in the Middle East and North Africa. From feature films to Ramadan serials, characters with Hansen’s Disease, Down Syndrome, autism, visual impairments, dwarfism, and missing limbs have emerged in films and television shows from Egypt, Syria, and Lebanon. Characters with disabilities in Yomeddine (Egypt), Behind the Sun (Syria), and Tale of Amal (Lebanon) challenge disability stigma in Arab cultures and highlight the toll of caregiving. While these portrayals, which all incorporate religious interpretations of disability and feature poor characters living on the margins, attempt to correct the absence of disability representations and discourse in Arab societies, they fall into familiar tropes of disability objectification by employing the ‘prosthetic’ of a disability narrative to explore other marginalized social issues like abortion, gender, race, and religious differences. Points of interest There is hardly any research on how disability is portrayed in film and television in Syria, Egypt, and Lebanon The research sheds important light on how disability and poverty intersect in Arab popular culture This paper discusses how religion (Islam in particular) is used to understand, interpret, and manage disability in Arab societies This research shows how Arab filmmakers are using film and television to advocate for more awareness and compassion for people with disabilities in Arab societies. This paper covers taboo subjects related to disability such as abortion, religious minorities, sexuality, and gender marginalization","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"38 1","pages":"1410 - 1434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49204501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The representation of disabled women and recent disabled women-led media","authors":"A. Wilde","doi":"10.1080/09687599.2021.2015292","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09687599.2021.2015292","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This is a Current Issue because media industries have recently made renewed efforts to address problems in representations of disability, including UK initiatives for disabled-led content in 2020/2021. Analysis of these new forms of work will be necessary to learn more for improving future representations. Since portrayals of disabled women have been disproportionately neglected in academic analysis of media, my focus is on ‘Hen Night’, an episode of the BBC’s Culture in Quarantine programme of work. I discuss this as an exemplar of disabled women’s representation. I argue that ‘Hen Night’, and other pieces written and performed by disabled people in recent collections provide valuable insights into how and why gendered dimensions of disability imagery and social relations in mainstream media can begin to be changed for the better, improving understanding of the forms of marginalisation disabled women continue to face in cultural industries and gendered forms of representation.","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"37 1","pages":"522 - 527"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46842987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physical Restraint and Associated Factors in Adult Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Cross-sectional Study in North of Iran.","authors":"Mahin Nomali, Aryan Ayati, Mohammad Yadegari, Mahdis Nomali, Mahnaz Modanloo","doi":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24103","DOIUrl":"10.5005/jp-journals-10071-24103","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background/aim: </strong>Patients in the intensive care units (ICUs) are at high risk of developing delirium and agitation. Physical restraint (PR) has increased to control these patients which accompanies by adverse consequences. The aim was to determine the PR use and associated factors in patients hospitalized at the ICUs in the North of Iran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this cross-sectional study, a total of 272 patients in 3 ICUs of 5 Azar referral hospital affiliated to Golestan University of Medical Sciences (Gorgan, Iran) in 2018 were included. Confusion assessment method for the ICU (CAM-ICU), Richmond Agitation-Sedation Scale (RASS), acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II), and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) were used to evaluate delirium, sedation level, disease severity, and level of consciousness, respectively. Analysis was done by STATA version 14.2 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas), univariate and multiple analyses.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Data from 272 patients were analyzed (mean age of 45.8 ± 21.3 years). PR was used for 74.5% of patients. Restrained patients had more severe disease [mean of APACHE II score, 20.20 (7.5) vs 11.6 (7.1)], longer length of stay [mean of 10 (5.5) vs 5.5 (4.6) days], and lower level of consciousness [mean of GCS score, 8.7 (3.5) vs 13.5 (3.3)] than patients without it. CAM-ICU was positive in majority of patients (79.5 vs 10.4%) and agitation level of RASS score was higher in restrained patients (31.7 vs 3.0%). Associated factors in multiple analysis were use of sedative and psychoactive drugs [odds ratio (OR), 2.85; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-7.82], presence of delirium (OR, 15.13; 95% CI: 4.61-49.65), deep sedation (OR, 0.04; 95% CI: 0.00-0.45), and GCS score (OR, 0.69; 95% CI: 0.53-0.9).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study revealed the high use of PR in the ICUs, and use of sedative and psychoactive drugs, presence of delirium, deep sedation, and GCS score were such associated factors.</p><p><strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Nomali M, Ayati A, Yadegari M, Nomali M, Modanloo M. Physical Restraint and Associated Factors in Adult Patients in Intensive Care Units: A Cross-sectional Study in North of Iran. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(2):192-198.</p>","PeriodicalId":48208,"journal":{"name":"Disability & Society","volume":"21 1","pages":"192-198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8857706/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81626125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}