Family Relations最新文献

{"title":"Knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward parenthood following gamete donation in Italy","authors":"Chiara Fusco,&nbsp;Pietro De Carli,&nbsp;Vasanti Jadva,&nbsp;Alessandra Santona","doi":"10.1111/fare.13194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13194","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to explore the knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes toward parenthood following gamete donation among the general population in Italy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In Western societies, where genetic continuity often defines kinship, couples using gamete donation to conceive may face societal stigma and lack of acknowledgment, potentially impacting their well-being. As openness about donor conception is encouraged in donor-conceived families' social networks, research on public perceptions of parenthood after gamete donation is necessary.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Six hundred twenty-four participants completed an online survey exploring their beliefs toward parenthood after gamete donation. Participants also assessed hypothetical parental abilities in five randomly presented scenarios depicting couples having a child using different conception methods.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants showed limited knowledge of donor conception pathways and positive beliefs about parenthood following donor conception. Greater concerns were expressed regarding parenting abilities in spontaneously conceiving couples compared to those using donor and nondonor assisted reproduction technologies and concerns about the stability of relationships in donor-conceiving couples.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Couples using donor assisted reproduction technologies are perceived as more committed to parenthood despite concerns about genetic asymmetry and limited understanding of donor conception.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The societal unawareness of donor conception may present challenges for families in legitimizing their family building within their social contexts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"1767-1788"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fare.13194","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence in Everyday Family Life: Issues, applications, and implications","authors":"Brandon T. McDaniel,&nbsp;Fayika F. Nova,&nbsp;Jessica A. Pater","doi":"10.1111/fare.13197","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13197","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Artificial intelligence (AI) has redefined how people live and interact with technology. While AI continues to evolve, its integration into everyday life has brought both benefits and challenges. One area that may not have received enough attention is the exploration of AI's impact on interpersonal relationships and family dynamics and processes. Our hope for this multidisciplinary special issue of <i>Family Relations</i> is to provide an opportunity for reflection on the intersection of AI—broadly defined as any technological innovation that simulates human intelligence—and family dynamics as well as the study of or intervention in family dynamics. Although the research studies, reviews, and commentaries in this special issue focus on a variety of subtopics within family dynamics, we feel they can be centered around the following distinct but overlapping themes: (1) how AI is integrated within families and potential impacts on family dynamics and relationships, (2) how AI can support research and assist in identifying patterns or processes within families and relationships, (3) how AI can assist families and children in developing skills relevant to their lives and relationships, (4) how AI tools used by or with families are developed and assessed, and (5) policy and ethical considerations for AI use and family dynamics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 3","pages":"1049-1055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“I try not to let my kids see it”: Mothering and emotion management","authors":"Grace Landrum,&nbsp;Sarah Halpern-Meekin","doi":"10.1111/fare.13187","DOIUrl":"10.1111/fare.13187","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aims to understand how a diverse group of mothers with limited incomes approach managing their emotions. Participating mothers were predominantly women of color.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research suggested that, on average, inadequate resources negatively shape parenting practices and subsequent child outcomes. The family stress model linked limited resources with increased stress in parents, a mental state that may undermine parenting efforts. However, this does not consider mothers' work to manage their own emotions, including feelings of stress, which prior research has found could potentially promote their own well-being and positive engagement with children.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study uses data from 26 of 71 semi-structured interviews from the Baby's First Years: Mother's Voices study. The researchers used thematic analysis to analyze mothers' narratives of their emotion management efforts and the mothers' values guiding such efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Mothers' approaches to managing their emotions were primarily shaped by their sense of what it meant to be a good mother, but these ideas about good mothering manifested differently in practice. Some mothers sought to repress emotions while parenting, others to separate from children during emotion management efforts, and some connected with children to manage mothers' own emotions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The stress of limited financial resources does not automatically translate into mothers' parenting. Mothers with limited incomes hold their own ideas about good mothering that are related to how resource limitations influence their parenting efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Understanding the motivations of mothers with limited incomes for managing their own emotions can provide insights for practitioners and policymakers hoping to support mothers' emotion management efforts.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"1677-1694"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12395372/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emerging Ideas. A brief commentary on human–AI attachment and possible impacts on family dynamics","authors":"Brandon T. McDaniel,&nbsp;Amanda Coupe,&nbsp;Allison Weston,&nbsp;Jessica A. Pater","doi":"10.1111/fare.13188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13188","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this brief commentary article, we outline an emerging idea that, as conversational artificial intelligence (CAI) becomes a part of an individual's environment and interacts with them, their attachment system may become activated, potentially leading to behaviors—such as seeking out the CAI to feel safe in times of stress—that have typically been reserved for human-to-human attachment relationships. We term this <i>attachment-like behavior</i>, but future work must determine if these behaviors are driven by a human–AI attachment or something else entirely.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>CAI is an emerging technical advancement that is the cornerstone of many everyday tools (e.g., smartphone apps, online chatbots, smart speakers). With the advancement in generative and conversational AI, device affordances and technical systems are increasingly complex. For example, generative AI has allowed for more personalization, human-like dialogue and interaction, and the interpretation and generation of human emotions. Indeed, AI tools increasingly have the ability to mimic human caring—learning from past interactions with the individual and appearing to be emotionally available and comforting in times of need. Humans instinctually have attachment-related needs for comfort and emotional security, and therefore, as individuals begin to feel their attachment-related needs are met by CAI, they may begin to seek out the CAI as a source of safety or to comfort their distress. This leads to questions of whether human–AI attachment is truly possible and, if so, what this attachment might mean for family dynamics.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 3","pages":"1072-1079"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reconsidering the utility of mean comparisons in evaluative work","authors":"J. Scott Crapo,&nbsp;Kay Bradford,&nbsp;Brian J. Higginbotham","doi":"10.1111/fare.13186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13186","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose was to evaluate the appropriateness of mean comparisons for evaluation work by testing the measurement equivalence of traditional pretests, retrospective pretests, and posttests.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Scholars have debated the use of a retrospective pretest as a viable method for evaluating interventions. Although they disagree on the origins of the difference in means between traditional pretests and retrospective pretests, both sides note a change in how participants perceive the construct. Which, if either, version of the pretest is consistent with perceptions on posttest response can be tested using measurement equivalence.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>One hundred twelve participants from a relationship education intervention took a traditional pretest, retrospective pretest, and posttest on two targeted outcomes, relationship confidence and relationship knowledge. A series of measurement equivalence tests were conducted between the traditional pretest, retrospective pretest, and posttest. Equivalence was tested by comparing nested confirmatory factor models.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For both outcomes, the traditional pretest failed to demonstrate equivalence with the posttest. The retrospective pretest, on the other hand, demonstrated strong equivalence with the posttest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For our sample and measure, mean comparisons between traditional pretests and posttests are not appropriate, as the nature of the measurement has changed. The retrospective pretest is an appropriate choice, and its use allows for comparison against the posttest mean.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Traditional pretest–posttest designs may be inappropriate for evaluating interventions that potentially change the constructs being measured; alternative formats, such as retrospective pretests or qualitative work may be needed. When planning and preparing the evaluation of an intervention, potential changes in perception of the outcome (and associated measurement concerns, such as equivalence) should be considered and accounted for.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"1578-1590"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The good parent: Emerging themes and gender convergence in narrating fertility choices","authors":"Alessandra Minello,&nbsp;Concetta Russo","doi":"10.1111/fare.13185","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13185","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigates the themes behind men's and women's ex-post narratives on fertility intentions and the fertility gap, analyzing reflections shared after fertility-related events or decisions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The lack of children stems from either a deliberate choice or the fertility gap, the discrepancy between intended and realized fertility. We explore the ex-post explanations behind the choice of not having a child and verify the convergence of themes between genders.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Thematic qualitative analysis of 86 texts sent to an Italian newspaper by 38 men and 48 women categorized as parents, childless, or childfree explored themes related to fertility intentions and the fertility gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three main themes emerged: economic uncertainty and inefficient family policies, mistrust of the public health care system and fertility issues, and intensive parenting anxiety. These themes, albeit with some variations, are evident among both women and men, including those who are childfree and those experiencing a fertility gap.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The ex-post narratives of individual experiences in our sample tend to converge along gender lines, despite certain specificities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Ex-post narratives offer crucial insights for research and policy. Themes such as economic stability, enhanced health care, and family support are often overlooked in both research and policy interventions, yet they are considered significant by segments of the population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"1747-1766"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fare.13185","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Elder abuse and psychological distress of Chinese widowed older adults","authors":"Wenjian Xu,&nbsp;Yifan Yang","doi":"10.1111/fare.13182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13182","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The complexity of elder abuse lies partly in the public's limited awareness regarding its prevalence and manifestations. Moreover, the psychosocial factors (self-efficacy and social participation) underlying the potential association between elder abuse and psychological distress merit in-depth exploration for prevention and intervention.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Elder abuse is a critical problem entailing consequences for psychological distress, especially among widowed older adults.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using a large national sample of 3,406 widowed older adults in China, this study investigated the characteristics of elder abuse in this cultural context, assessed the relationship between elder abuse and psychological distress, and tested potential mediating roles of self-efficacy and social participation in this link.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nearly 7.8% of widowed participants had experienced elder abuse, which is positively associated with their high levels of psychological distress. Furthermore, both self-efficacy and social participation partially mediated the relationship between elder abuse and psychological distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings provide evidence of elder abuse among widowed older adults in the Chinese cultural context and highlight the theoretical significance of identifying risk factors and mechanisms contributing to psychological distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study underlines the crucial implications for psychosocial practice. It emphasizes the need to intervene for those who have endured elder abuse, aiming to forestall the onset of psychological distress among vulnerable individuals.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"2084-2099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145050940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hurt, loss, joy, and forgiveness: Foster care–experienced young adults' relationships with their birth parents","authors":"Sally Holland,&nbsp;Heather Taussig,&nbsp;Judy Havlicek","doi":"10.1111/fare.13184","DOIUrl":"10.1111/fare.13184","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This article explores young adults' relationships with their birth parents following separation from their parents during childhood due to placement in foster care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Parent–child relationships often change through childhood, adolescence, and into adulthood, from dependency toward more independence and then mutuality, with much variation. Less is known about these relationships for young adults who spent some of their childhood in foster care.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Follow-up interviews were held with young adults who had been previously enrolled in a longitudinal study during middle childhood, shortly after they had been placed in foster care. Qualitative analysis was conducted of 191 responses to an open-ended question about their current relationship with their biological parents.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Relationships varied from very close and positive to nonexistent or distressing. Many young adults who had been adopted or had aged out of care reported close relationships and, conversely, some of those who had been reunified with their biological parents were later estranged.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>For most participants, the relationship with their birth parent(s) remained significant despite some care decisions, such as adoption, that often lead to termination of contact with parents during childhood.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Young adults who have experienced foster care in childhood are likely to need support navigating relationships with biological parents through young adulthood, and this should be planned for and resourced.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"2000-2016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12383907/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144974574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Individualization of extended family bonds? An analysis of youth narratives from three Dutch generations","authors":"Mandy Talhout,&nbsp;Hilda T.A. Amsing,&nbsp;Peter Nikken","doi":"10.1111/fare.13183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13183","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study investigated whether individualization has affected extended family bonds.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Individualization theory stipulates that extended family bonds have become more unstable over time due to a shift in the main function of the family from instrumental to emotional, and an increase in individual choice at the cost of tradition. However, little empirical research exists to support this claim.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Interviews containing youth narratives on extended family bonds collected in a primary study were analyzed. In total, the analysis included the narratives of three generations from 14 families (<i>N</i> = 42).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results supported assumptions regarding the waning instrumental function of extended family and the increased importance of individual choice. However, the continuing importance of traditional family contact, the absence of an increase in instability across generations, and an additional finding regarding intergenerational transmission of family values made a case against intergenerational change associated with individualization. The analysis also indicated the importance of personal, family, social and historical context.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results of this study only partially support theoretical assumptions on changes in extended family bonds due to individualization.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The results underline the importance of a multileveled contextual perspective on extended family bonds in family research, policy, and practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 4","pages":"2065-2083"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fare.13183","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145051197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Family and child characteristics in reading achievement milestones using machine-learning-based survival analysis","authors":"Wonkyung Jang,&nbsp;Kwangman Ko,&nbsp;Seulki Ku,&nbsp;Kyong-Ah Kwon","doi":"10.1111/fare.13174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.13174","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study aimed to identify early reading achievers and uncover family and child factors that mitigate reading skill disparities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Literacy standards guide educational policy to prevent literacy issues in at-risk children. Many studies lack accurate methods to measure reading milestones, relying on static approaches that miss dynamic longitudinal processes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study used machine-learning-based survival analysis on Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class of 2010–2011 (ECLS-K: 2011) data to analyze children's time to reach reading milestones, examining how family structure, socioeconomic status, gender, and behavioral problems relate to reading achievements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Being female, from a higher-income family, and not exhibiting behavioral problems increased the likelihood of surpassing reading milestones. Higher socioeconomic status had a stronger positive relation with reading achievement in two-parent families. Externalizing behaviors had a stronger negative relation with reading achievement in girls than boys. The survival tree analysis showed children from two-parent families with incomes at or above 200% of the poverty threshold reached reading milestones earlier. Among these children, those with lower externalizing behaviors achieved them the earliest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study supports the family systems theory and the bioecological model, indicating family and child factors, and their interplay, relate to children's reading achievement.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Implications</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Machine-learning-based survival analysis enhances the assessment of reading milestones, facilitating early diagnosis, targeted interventions, and effective family policies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48206,"journal":{"name":"Family Relations","volume":"74 3","pages":"1174-1197"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144214122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}