Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2021-08-01Epub Date: 2020-12-11DOI: 10.1111/sode.12500
Yelim Hong, Sarah A McCormick, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Susan D Calkins, Martha Ann Bell
{"title":"Household Chaos, Parental Responses to Emotion, and Child Emotion Regulation in Middle Childhood.","authors":"Yelim Hong, Sarah A McCormick, Kirby Deater-Deckard, Susan D Calkins, Martha Ann Bell","doi":"10.1111/sode.12500","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12500","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parents' responses to children's negative emotional states play a key role in the socialization of emotion regulation skills in childhood. Much of the prior research on child ER has focused on early development using cross-sectional designs. The current study addresses these gaps by using a longitudinal design to examine individual differences of ER at two times points in middle childhood. We examined the development of children's ER by testing hypotheses about the interplay of parent response to emotions and household chaos in the prediction of individual differences in children's ER. Participants were the mothers of children at 6 and 9 years of age among 224 families in a socioeconomically diverse sample that was part of an ongoing longitudinal study. Mothers completed questionnaires regarding themselves, their children, and their home environment. Mothers' reports of better child ER at both time points were positively associated with mothers' more supportive responses and negatively associated with mothers' less non-supportive responses, as well as lower household chaos. Chaos statistically moderated the link between non-supportive parental responses to emotion and child ER, but only at 6 years of age. The strength of the link between child ER and non-supportive parental responses to emotions was strong only at lower levels of household chaos. At the beginning of middle childhood, family processes linking parent responses to child emotions and children's developing ER may not function at higher levels of household chaos.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"30 3","pages":"786-805"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12500","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39264035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2021-02-01Epub Date: 2020-07-20DOI: 10.1111/sode.12476
Elizabeth J Kiel, Natalee N Price, Kristin A Buss
{"title":"Maternal Anxiety and Toddler Inhibited Temperament Predict Maternal Socialization of Worry.","authors":"Elizabeth J Kiel, Natalee N Price, Kristin A Buss","doi":"10.1111/sode.12476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Parent emotion socialization refers to the process by which parents impart their values and beliefs about emotion expressivity to their children. Parent emotion socialization requires attention as a construct that develops in its own right. The socialization of child worry, in particular, has implications for children's typical socioemotional development, as well as their maladaptive development towards anxiety outcomes. Existing theories on emotion socialization, anxiety, and parent-child relationships guided our investigation of both maternal anxiety and toddler inhibited temperament as predictors of change in mothers' unsupportive (i.e., distress, punitive, and minimizing) responses to toddler worry across 1 year of toddlerhood. Participants included 139 mother-toddler dyads. Mothers reported on their own anxiety and their emotion socialization responses to toddler worry. We assessed toddler inhibited temperament through a mother-report survey of shyness and observational coding of dysregulated fear. Maternal anxiety but not child inhibited temperament predicted distress reactions and punitive responses, whereas maternal anxiety and toddler dysregulated fear both uniquely predicted minimizing responses. These results support continued investigation of worry socialization as a developmental outcome of both parent and child characteristics.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"30 1","pages":"258-273"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12476","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39289808","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2021-02-01Epub Date: 2020-07-15DOI: 10.1111/sode.12474
Julia S Feldman, Yiyao Zhou, Chelsea Weaver Krug, Melvin N Wilson, Daniel S Shaw
{"title":"Indirect Effects of the Family Check-Up on Youth Extracurricular Involvement at School-Age through Improvements in Maternal Positive Behavior Support in Early Childhood.","authors":"Julia S Feldman, Yiyao Zhou, Chelsea Weaver Krug, Melvin N Wilson, Daniel S Shaw","doi":"10.1111/sode.12474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12474","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Extracurricular involvement in the school-age years has widespread potential benefits for children's subsequent socioemotional development, especially for low-income youth. However, there is a dearth of research on interventions aimed at increasing school-age extracurricular involvement in low-income youth. Thus, the present study aimed to test the collateral effect of a brief, family-focused intervention for low-income families, the Family Check-Up, on children's school-age extracurricular involvement via improvements in maternal Positive Behavior Support in early childhood. The sample (<i>n</i> = 630, 50% female, 50% White, 28% Black/African American) represented a subsample of families from the Early Steps Multisite Study. At age 2, families were randomly assigned to the Family Check-Up or Women, Infants, and Children Nutritional Supplement Services as usual. Mother-child dyads participated in observed interaction tasks at child ages 2 and 3 that were subsequently coded to assess positive behavior support. Primary caregivers reported on children's school-age extracurricular involvement at ages 7.5, 8.5, and 9.5. Results indicated that although there was not a direct path between intervention status and children's school-age extracurricular involvement, a significant indirect path emerged from intervention group to changes in positive behavior support between ages 2 to 3 to children's school-age extracurricular involvement. The results are discussed in terms of implications for designing preventive interventions in early childhood that promote extracurricular involvement at school-age, particularly for children at risk for maladaptive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"30 1","pages":"311-328"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12474","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39258054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2020-11-01Epub Date: 2020-03-13DOI: 10.1111/sode.12446
Arianna M Gard, Vonnie C McLoyd, Colter Mitchell, Luke W Hyde
{"title":"Evaluation of a Longitudinal Family Stress Model in a Population-Based Cohort.","authors":"Arianna M Gard, Vonnie C McLoyd, Colter Mitchell, Luke W Hyde","doi":"10.1111/sode.12446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12446","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Family Stress Model (FSM) is an influential family process model that posits that socioeconomic disadvantage impacts child outcomes via its effects on parents. Existing evaluations of the FSM are constrained by limited measures of socioeconomic disadvantage, cross-sectional research designs, and reliance on non-population-based samples. The current study tested the FSM in a subsample of the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (<i>N</i> = 2,918), a large population-based study of children followed from birth through age 9. We employed a longitudinal framework and used measures of socioeconomic disadvantage beyond economic resources. Although the hypothesized FSM pathways were identified in the longitudinal model (e.g., economic pressure at age 1 was associated with maternal distress at age 3, maternal distress at age 3 was associated with parenting behaviors at age 5), the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage at childbirth on youth socioemotional outcomes at age 9 did not operate through all of the hypothesized mediators. In longitudinal change models that accounted for the stability in constructs, multiple indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage at childbirth were indirectly associated with youth externalizing behaviors at age 9 via either economic pressure at age 1 or changes in maternal warmth from ages 3 to 5. Greater economic pressure at age 1, increases in maternal distress from ages 1 to 3, and decreases/increases in maternal warmth/harshness from ages 3 to 5 were also directly associated with increases in externalizing behaviors from ages 5 to 9. Results provide partial support for the FSM across the first decade of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"29 4","pages":"1155-1175"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12446","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38953859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2020-08-01Epub Date: 2019-11-05DOI: 10.1111/sode.12425
K Ashana Ramsook, Janet A Welsh, Karen L Bierman
{"title":"What you say, and how you say it: Preschoolers' growth in vocabulary and communication skills differentially predict kindergarten academic achievement and self-regulation.","authors":"K Ashana Ramsook, Janet A Welsh, Karen L Bierman","doi":"10.1111/sode.12425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12425","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The idea that language skills support school readiness, predicting later self-regulation and academic success, is widely accepted. Although vocabulary is often emphasized in the developmental literature, the ability to use language appropriately in the classroom, or <i>social communication skills</i>, may also be critical. This paper examined longitudinal contributions of children's vocabulary and social communication skills, from preschool to kindergarten, to kindergarten academic achievement (reading and math) and self-regulation (executive functions and learning behaviors). Participants were 164 children (14% Latinx, 30% Black, 56% White; 57% girls) enrolled in Head Start programs. Results revealed that initial levels and growth in vocabulary and communication skills predicted better academic achievement. Social communication skills uniquely predicted self-regulation, after accounting for vocabulary. We discuss potential mechanisms for these links and recommend that strategies to build social communication skills be incorporated in preschool interventions promoting school readiness.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"29 3","pages":"783-800"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12425","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38475469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2020-08-01Epub Date: 2019-12-28DOI: 10.1111/sode.12435
Alyssa R Palmer, Madelyn Labella, Elizabeth J Plowman, Rachel Foster, Ann S Masten
{"title":"Parental Emotion Regulation Strategies and Parenting Quality Predict Child Internalizing Symptoms in Families Experiencing Homelessness.","authors":"Alyssa R Palmer, Madelyn Labella, Elizabeth J Plowman, Rachel Foster, Ann S Masten","doi":"10.1111/sode.12435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12435","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adaptive emotion regulation (ER) in parents has been linked to better parenting quality and social-emotional adjustment in children from middle-income families. In particular, early childhood may represent a sensitive period in which parenting behaviors and functioning have large effects on child social-emotional adjustment. However, little is known about how parent ER and parenting are related to child adjustment in high-risk families. In the context of adversity, parents may struggle to maintain positive parenting behaviors and adaptive self-regulation strategies which could jeopardize their children's adjustment. The current study investigated parents' own cognitive ER strategies and observed parenting quality in relation to young children's internalizing and externalizing problems among families experiencing homelessness. Participants included 108 primary caregivers and their four- to six-year-old children residing in emergency shelters. Using multiple methods, parenting and parent ER were assessed during a shelter stay and teachers subsequently provided ratings of children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties in the classroom. Parenting quality was expected to predict fewer classroom internalizing and externalizing behaviors as well as moderate the association between parent ER strategies and child outcomes. Results suggest that parenting quality buffered the effects of parent maladaptive ER strategies on child internalizing symptoms. The mediating role of parenting quality on that association was also investigated to build on prior empirical work in low-risk samples. Parenting quality did not show expected mediating effects. Findings suggest that parents experiencing homelessness who use fewer maladaptive cognitive ER strategies and more positive parenting behaviors may protect their children against internalizing problems.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"29 3","pages":"732-749"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12435","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38501191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2020-05-01Epub Date: 2019-09-10DOI: 10.1111/sode.12409
Ariana K Ruof, Kit K Elam, Laurie Chassin
{"title":"Maternal Influences on Effortful Control in Adolescence: Developmental Pathways to Externalizing Behaviors.","authors":"Ariana K Ruof, Kit K Elam, Laurie Chassin","doi":"10.1111/sode.12409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12409","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adolescents' effortful control is subject to numerous maternal influences. Specifically, a mother's own effortful control is associated with her child's effortful control. However, maternal substance use, psychopathology, and stress within the parenting role may also lead to poor effortful control for their child. Poor effortful control during adolescence can subsequently contribute to a variety of negative outcomes, including externalizing behaviors. A sample of 460 adolescents (47% female, 59.3% Non-Hispanic Caucasian) was selected from a longitudinal, multigenerational study. The goal was to examine maternal effortful control, substance use, psychopathology, and stress in their offspring's childhood (<i>M</i>age = 6.27) and their influence on their children's effortful control in early adolescence (<i>M</i>age = 12.21) and the subsequent effect of effortful control on adolescents' externalizing behavior (<i>M</i>age = 13.53). Maternal effortful control (measured via conscientiousness) and psychopathology were associated with adolescent effortful control, which was associated with externalizing behavior a year later. Additionally, there was a significant indirect association between maternal effortful control and adolescent externalizing behaviors via adolescent effortful control. Thus, adolescent effortful control is associated with maternal effortful control but also subject to specific maternal risk factors in childhood. These results inform potential maternal strategies for promoting positive developmental outcomes in adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"29 2","pages":"411-426"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12409","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38475468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2019-05-01Epub Date: 2018-11-27DOI: 10.1111/sode.12348
Jeroen Pronk, Tjeert Olthof, Frits A Goossens, Lydia Krabbendam
{"title":"Differences in adolescents' motivations for indirect, direct, and hybrid peer defending.","authors":"Jeroen Pronk, Tjeert Olthof, Frits A Goossens, Lydia Krabbendam","doi":"10.1111/sode.12348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12348","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Adolescents’ defending of peers who are being bullied—or peer defending—was recently found to be a heterogeneous behavioral construct. The present study investigated individual differences in adolescents’ motivations for executing these indirect, direct, and hybrid defending behaviors. In line with the literature on bullying as goal‐directed strategic behavior, we adopted a social evolution theory framework to investigate whether these peer‐defending behaviors could qualify as goal‐directed strategic prosocial behaviors. A sample of 549 Dutch adolescents (49.4% boys; M age = 12.5 years, SD = 0.6 years) participated in this study. Their peer reported defending behaviors (including bullying behavior as a control variable) and the following behavioral motivations were assessed: (a) agentic and communal goals (self‐report), (b) prosocial and coercive social strategies (peer report), and (c) altruistic and egocentric motivations for prosocial behavior (self‐report). The outcomes of hierarchical linear regression analyses suggest that adolescents’ motivations for executing the different subtypes of peer defending partially overlap but are also different. While indirect defending was fostered by genuine concerns for victims’ well‐being, direct defending was more motivated by personal gains. Hybrid defending combined favorable aspects of both indirect and direct defending as a goal‐directed, strategic, and altruistically motivated prosocial behavior. The implications of these findings are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"28 2","pages":"414-429"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12348","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41216356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2019-02-01Epub Date: 2018-08-07DOI: 10.1111/sode.12319
Marc H Bornstein, Diane L Putnick, Joan T D Suwalsky
{"title":"Continuity, Stability, and Concordance of Socioemotional Functioning in Mothers and their Sibling Children.","authors":"Marc H Bornstein, Diane L Putnick, Joan T D Suwalsky","doi":"10.1111/sode.12319","DOIUrl":"10.1111/sode.12319","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This within-family longitudinal study accomplishes a novel multivariate assessment of socioemotional parenting cognitions and practices in mothers and their sibling children's socioemotional behaviors. Mothers participated with their 20-month-old firstborns and again, an average of 3 years later, with their 20-month-old secondborns (55 families, 165 participants). Continuity and stability in maternal cognitions and practices between the two times, and similarities, differences, and correspondences in siblings' behaviors, are assessed and compared. Maternal socioemotional parenting cognitions were continuous in mean level and stable in individual differences across siblings; maternal socioemotional practices were continuous in mean level but unstable in individual differences. Firstborns were more sociable and emotionally available to mothers than secondborns; first- and secondborns' socioemotional behaviors were largely unrelated. This study contributes to understanding socioemotional domains of parenting and child development, birth order effects, and the shared and nonshared contexts of siblings' environments within the family.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"28 1","pages":"90-105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6349259/pdf/nihms984539.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36907626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Social DevelopmentPub Date : 2018-11-01Epub Date: 2018-07-19DOI: 10.1111/sode.12313
Melissa K Peckins, Daniel S Shaw, Rebecca Waller, Luke W Hyde
{"title":"Intimate partner violence exposure predicts antisocial behavior via pro-violence attitudes among males with elevated levels of cortisol.","authors":"Melissa K Peckins, Daniel S Shaw, Rebecca Waller, Luke W Hyde","doi":"10.1111/sode.12313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12313","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study tested whether attitudes toward violence mediate the association between intimate partner violence exposure and antisocial behavior across adolescence, and whether cortisol level moderates these pathways in an ethnically diverse sample of 190 boys from low-income, urban families. Results suggest that a pathway from intimate partner violence exposure at age 12 to antisocial behavior at age 17 is explained by pro-violence attitudes at age 15. Boys with greater exposure to intimate partner violence endorsed stronger pro-violence attitudes, which predicted increases in antisocial behavior. Further, the pro-violence attitudes to antisocial behavior pathway was stronger among boys with heightened versus dampened cortisol levels. Results suggest that violent attitudes are important for understanding the cognitive underpinnings of antisocial behavior following intimate partner violence exposure, particularly in youth with high cortisol levels. Implications for prevention and intervention are discussed with respect to targeting malleable child behavior linked to later antisocial behavior.</p>","PeriodicalId":48203,"journal":{"name":"Social Development","volume":"27 4","pages":"761-776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1111/sode.12313","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36803816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}