Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of COVID-Focused Expressive Writing on Symptoms of Depression, Anxiety, and Distress in College Students: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"S. Robertson, Stephen D. Short, Liz Auger, M. Murray","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.238","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has been associated with increased levels of distress for college students. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of a COVID-focused expressive writing intervention in reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and distress. Methods: A total of 169 college students were assigned either to a COVID-focused expressive writing intervention or to a nonwriting control group. All participants completed a 1-month follow-up assessment, and all study procedures were completed online due to COVID-19 restrictions. Depression was measured with the Beck Depression Inventory-II, anxiety was measured with the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and distress was measured with a Likert-scale question that measured distress specifically related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Results indicated that participants in the expressive writing group demonstrated a significant decrease (b = -1.35) in anxiety symptoms whereas participants in the control group did not. None of the participants in either group demonstrated a significant decrease in depression symptoms. Ratings of distress in the expressive writing group were significantly lower (d = -0.51) at the 1-month follow-up when compared to the control group. Discussion: COVID-focused expressive writing is a relatively brief and inexpensive intervention that has been associated with lower symptoms of anxiety and distress in college students. Theoretical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45119811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Follow Friends One Hour a Day: Limiting Time on Social Media and Muting Strangers Improves Well-Being","authors":"M. Hunt, Elisa Xu, Alissa Fogelson, Julia Rubens","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.187","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Social media use is ubiquitous among young adults, and empirical research is increasingly suggesting that how it is used and how much time is spent using it have significant implications for psychological well-being and mental health. Most recent studies find that limiting but not eliminating social media has beneficial effects. Correlational findings suggest that following actual friends is beneficial, while following strangers can be harmful. Method: This study sought to test the impact of limiting time spent on social media as well as “muting” strangers on Instagram and eliminating TikTok use in an experimental paradigm. Results: Replicating prior studies, we found that limiting social media use to 60 minutes per day (versus unlimited use) led to reductions in depression, F(1,96) = 5.84, p = .018, for the most depressed participants. Moreover, limiting stranger content (by muting strangers on Instagram and eliminating TikTok use), in addition to limiting time, led to significant reductions in fear of missing out, F(2,138) = 4.806, p = .01, for the most depressed participants and to significant reductions in social comparison, F(2,138) = 4.367, p = .015. Discussion: In conclusion, it is not just how much time one spends on social media that matters to well-being, but how one uses that time and who one is interacting with.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48738651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fear of Fat Moderates the Association between Contamination Disgust and Eating Concerns","authors":"W. Grunewald, Shruti S. Kinkel-Ram, Dorian R. Dodd, April R. Smith","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.214","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.3.214","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Certain forms of disgust, specifically contamination disgust, may represent risk factors for eating psychopathology such as eating concerns (e.g., cognitive distress/worries surrounding eating). Furthermore, anti-fat attitudes, specifically fear of fat, may increase risk for eating concerns. However, research has yet to investigate these risk factors together despite notable associations between these constructs and eating concerns. Therefore, this study examined associations between contamination disgust and eating concerns, with fear of fat moderating these associations. Furthermore, these associations were examined with other eating psychopathology outcomes to investigate if theoretical relationships between focal predictors would generalize to other forms of eating psychopathology. Methods: Participants were 173 females (Mage = 18.9; SD = 1.00; Range = 18-23) from a Midwestern university in the United States. Analyses examined associations of contamination disgust, fear of fat, and their interaction with eating disorder symptoms. Results: Simple slopes revealed that contamination disgust was not significantly associated with eating concerns at low fear of fat. However, at high fear of fat, contamination disgust was significantly positively associated with eating concerns. These interactions were not significant when predicting shape concerns, weight concerns, or restraint. Discussion: Results suggest that contamination disgust and fear of fat may be risk factors for eating concerns and that these variables should potentially be modeled in tandem. Screening for fear of fat among clients likely to report high levels of contamination disgust may provide indirect information on these clients’ comorbid eating concerns. Future research should examine if current associations generalize to other populations outside of college-aged women.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44750524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Defensive Behaviors During COVID-19 and the 2020–2021 Firearm Purchasing Surge: A Latent Class Analysis","authors":"M. Anestis, Allison E. Bond, Shelby L. Bandel, M. Betz, C. Bryan","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.160","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study examined the extent to which political beliefs and public health behaviors cluster together and define distinct groups of individuals and whether those groups differ on firearm purchasing behaviors. Methods: 6,404 US residents (Minnesota, n = 1,789; Mississippi, n = 1,418; New Jersey, n = 3,197) were recruited via Qualtrics panels. Participants were matched to 2010 census data. Results: Fit statistics determined a four-class solution fit the data best. The Liberal-Many Health Behaviors class had high probabilities of voting for President Biden, reporting more liberal political beliefs than other classes, and engaging in multiple health behaviors (e.g., mask wearing, vaccination). The Moderate-Few Health Behaviors class had high probabilities of voting for President Biden, reporting moderate political beliefs, and engaging in few health behaviors. The Conservative-Few Health Behaviors class had high probabilities of voting for former President Trump, reporting conservative political beliefs, and engaging in few health behaviors. The Conservative-Many Health Behaviors class had high probabilities of voting for former President Trump, having conservative political beliefs, and engaging in many health behaviors. Of the participants in the study who reported owning firearms, those in the Few Health Behavior classes were more likely to have purchased firearms during the purchasing surge, whereas those in the Many Health Behavior classes were likely to have become first-time firearm owners in 2020-2021. Lastly, the Few Health Behavior classes exhibited significantly less trust in the intentions of scientists. Conclusion: Different subgroups of firearm owners may evaluate and respond to risk differently, resulting in a pattern of adopting or avoiding a range of public health recommendations. Those who avoided mask wearing and COVID-19 vaccinations and who purchased firearms during the firearm purchasing surge appear to have less trust in science, highlighting the need for trusted messengers to increase the reach of behavioral interventions.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42051428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender Differences in the Association of Trauma Exposure and Firearm Availability Among Active Duty Servicemembers and Military Retirees","authors":"","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.125","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study examines the relationship between traumatic experiences and firearm availability, a known suicide risk factor, for both male and female active duty servicemembers and military retirees in the United States. Availability of firearms was predicted to differ by gender, with male servicemembers having elevated rates of firearm availability compared to female servicemembers. It was also expected that experiences of trauma would be associated with higher availability of firearms in both male and female servicemembers and military retirees. Methods: Survey respondents included 1,869 active-duty and military retiree participants recruited from six different primary care clinics located within various military treatment facilities. Analyses compared associations among trauma exposure, firearm availability, and gender. Results: Both male and female servicemembers and retirees reported elevated rates of firearm availability, with men reporting the highest rates of available firearms. There was a significant interaction between gender and firearm availability on trauma type; men with available firearms reported elevated levels of directly experienced trauma. When controlling for covariates, men with available firearms reported highest levels of “happened to me” trauma exposure for fire and explosion and sudden violent death. Discussion: Men who positively endorse firearm availability have the highest rates of directly experienced traumatic events among active duty military personnel and retirees. Firearm availability, trauma exposure, and perceptions of safety for both genders are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47709395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"For the Greater Good: Isolating Young Children From Their Own Mothers During COVID-19. Was It a Good Idea? An Empirical Study","authors":"L. Cerniglia, S. Cimino","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.145","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.145","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many governments enacted strict measures to stop the spread of the virus. Among these was the recommendation that children with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 be isolated in a room at home. Methods: Through a longitudinal study with three waves and using the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised, the Child Behavior Checklist 1,5-5, and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form, we intended to verify whether young children and their mothers showed psychopathological symptoms and distress as a result of quarantine separation. Results: Our results showed that mothers’ symptoms significantly increased from Time 1 to Time 2 and remained stable at Time 3, except for the anxious and depressive symptoms, which increased also at Time 3. Similarly, children’s problems significantly increased from Time 1 to Time 2 and remained stable and high at Time 3. Discussion: This descriptive study may help policy makers to consider the negative outcomes of quarantine separation for children’s and mothers’ psychological well-being in case of future pandemics.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49125339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association Between Perceived Relationship Quality and Psychological Symptoms in Refugees","authors":"H. Kobayashi, D. Berle","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.2.103","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Relationship quality plays an important role in mental health, but little is known about its importance among resettled refugees. We investigated the association between perceived relationship quality and psychological symptoms among refugees resettled in Australia. Methods: Participants were 738 adult refugees (principal applicants, 83.5% male, M = 43.2 years, SD = 12.3) and their partners who participated in the Building a New Life in Australia (BNLA) study across 5 years from 2013 to 2017. Participants were assessed for psychological distress, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), and perceived relationship quality, using the Kessler scale (K6), the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-8 (PTSD-8), and the Dyadic Adjustment Scale-4 (DAS-4), respectively. Results: Multiple regression analyses found that, among principal applicants, perceived relationship quality predicted psychological distress (p = .0006) at post-arrival, and changes in perceived relationship quality predicted changes in PTSS (p = .0003) across a one-year interval. When partners were analyzed, results were broadly consistent with those of the principal applicants, except that changes in relationship quality did predict changes in psychological distress, but not changes in PTSS. Discussion: Relationship quality appeared to be associated with psychological distress, but improvements in relationship quality may have particular utility for reductions in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. These results highlight the importance of relationship quality as a key correlate of refugee mental health.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44883029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Interpretation Inflexibility and Functioning: Associations with Symptoms and Stress","authors":"Wisteria Y. Deng, Jonas Everaert, Michaela Bronstein, J. Joormann, Tyrone D Cannon","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.1.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.1.29","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Interpretation inflexibility has been implicated in a range of mental health problems, including depression, social anxiety, and paranoia. Inflexible interpretation of social situations may be particularly important as it can set the stage for problems in social functioning, a symptom cutting across all three groups of disorders. Methods: This study aimed to examine the interrelations among interpretation inflexibility, social functioning impairment, and affective and psychotic symptoms. The study also explored the potential moderating effects of COVID-related preoccupation, as an example of a major stressor, on these relationships. Results: Based on a sample recruited from the general population (N = 247), interpretation inflexibility was found to be associated with social functioning impairment, with affective symptoms and paranoia as statistical mediators of the association. These relationships were magnified by ambient stress during the COVID-19 pandemic—a moderated mediation that was found only in relation to affective symptoms but not paranoia. A parallel network analysis further confirmed the moderating effects of COVID-related preoccupation on the relation between interpretation inflexibility and depression. Limitations: Measuring ambient stress with a self-report question on COVID-related preoccupation may not be representative of the amount of distress an individual experienced during the pandemic. Also, our mediation models were performed on cross-sectional data, thus not necessarily implying a feed-forward causal mediational relationship. Conclusions: These findings highlight the importance of examining social functioning as a crucial outcome, as well as the differential role of stress in modulating social interpretation flexibility with respect to affective vs. psychotic symptoms.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48934638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How Much Should We Trust Others? The Relationship Between Trust Beliefs in Others and Psychosocial Adjustment","authors":"K. Rotenberg, A. Teunisse, Trevor I. Case, J. Fitness, Naomi Sweller","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.1.85","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.1.85","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: This study compared the Trust Promotes Adjustment (TPA) approach with the Centralist Approach to Trust (CAT) regarding the relationship between trust beliefs in others and psychosocial adjustment. The TPA predicted linear, whereas the CAT predicted quadratic, relationships between the two. The predictions were tested by analyses for the curvilinearity of data gathered by Teunisse et al. (2020). Method: Six hundred and fifty-one adults (M age = 24.9 years, SD = 10.4 years) completed standardized scales of trust beliefs in others, agreeableness, and social intelligence. Results: In support of TPA, trust beliefs in others were linearly associated with social awareness. In support of CAT, quadratic relations were found between trust beliefs in others and both agreeableness and social skills. Individuals with very low or very high trust beliefs showed lower agreeableness and social skills than those with the midrange of trust beliefs or the linear relationship between the variables. Individuals showed optimal psychosocial adjustment when trust beliefs were between 1.5 standard deviations above and below the mean. Discussion: These findings challenge the traditional TPA, which asserts that increasing trust in others corresponds to increasing psychosocial adjustment. The findings support the CAT hypothesis that too little or too much trust in others is associated with psychosocial maladjustment with implications for psychopathology.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43366674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Anhedonia and Intergroup Processes: A Multi-Study Investigation of Known and Novel Group Memberships","authors":"Madeleine Snyder, Jacqueline M. Chen, E. Martin","doi":"10.1521/jscp.2023.42.1.50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1521/jscp.2023.42.1.50","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Group memberships play an important role in promoting psychological well-being and supporting social functioning. However, studies suggest that individuals with social anhedonia, a characteristic defined by limited pleasure from social bonds, may show abnormalities in their desire to cultivate positive feelings, such as belongingness, from social groups. Still, these abnormalities have not been studied in the context of intergroup processes, leaving the relation between social anhedonia and subjective evaluations of group memberships unclear. Methods: Across three studies (Ns = 124-659), we examined associations between social anhedonia and affective and cognitive attitudes about different types of ingroups and outgroups using self-report and behavioral measures. Results: Taken together, results indicate that social anhedonia is associated with less positive and more negative feelings and beliefs about most ingroups and outgroups from everyday life, as well as negatively biased stereotyping of many prominent social groups. At the same time, individuals with either extremely high or low levels of social anhedonia did not report significantly different intergroup attitudes when group memberships were experimentally manipulated in a minimal group setting. Discussion: Overall, these findings suggest that social anhedonia is associated with less positive and more negative subjective evaluations of long-established, real-world ingroups, but not of a newly formed ingroup that requires little motivation or social engagement to maintain group membership. Aberrant feelings and attitudes toward one's ingroups are consistent with the theory that social anhedonia is related to anomalies in the need to belong within social groups from everyday life and could inform psychosocial interventions for related psychopathologies.","PeriodicalId":48202,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49373759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}