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Doing Gender, Avoiding Crime: The Gendered Meaning of Criminal Behavior and the Gender Gap in Offending in the United States 做性别，避免犯罪:美国犯罪行为的性别意义与犯罪中的性别差异
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-05-16 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231167845
Kaitlin M. Boyle
{"title":"Doing Gender, Avoiding Crime: The Gendered Meaning of Criminal Behavior and the Gender Gap in Offending in the United States","authors":"Kaitlin M. Boyle","doi":"10.1177/01902725231167845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231167845","url":null,"abstract":"Men are overrepresented in criminal offending, arrest, and incarceration rates, resulting in a gender gap in crime data. I use the mathematical structure and propositions of affect control theory to understand how the symbolic meanings society holds for gender and crime relate to this observed difference in women’s and men’s offending. While criminal behaviors are deviant for both men and women, I hypothesize that they produce even more deflection when enacted by a woman actor than by a man actor in computer simulations. This first hypothesis is supported in a dataset containing 109 criminal behaviors drawn from three affect control theory dictionaries collected in English in the United States in 1998, 2002 to 2004, and 2012 to 2014. Second, I hypothesize that when a crime produces a greater gender gap in deflection in simulations, there will be a greater observed gender gap in alleged offending. I test this hypothesis using four sources of crime data: victim self-reports, police reports, arrest data, and juvenile court statistics. I find hypothesis support using all data sources except victim self-reports. Affect control theory provides an explicit social psychological understanding of how gendered meanings of behavior translate into criminal behavior as recorded in offending data (e.g., Uniform Crime Report).","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48628498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Educational Expectation-Attainment Gaps and Mental Health over the Early Adult Life Course 成人早期教育期望成就差距与心理健康
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-04-08 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231161072
Eun Hye Lee, J. McLeod
{"title":"Educational Expectation-Attainment Gaps and Mental Health over the Early Adult Life Course","authors":"Eun Hye Lee, J. McLeod","doi":"10.1177/01902725231161072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231161072","url":null,"abstract":"We advance research on the association of educational expectation–attainment gaps with mental health by asking two questions that derive from the stress process and life course frameworks: (1) How does the association change over the early adult life course? and (2) To what extent is the association attributable to adult social roles and socioeconomic attainment? Using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, we find that close to the time when the expectation would have been realized, educational attainment is associated with mental health but expectations and the interaction between expectations and attainments are not, independent of selection factors. As respondents age, expectations themselves become more consistently associated with mental health. Adult social roles and socioeconomic status contribute little to explaining these associations. We discuss the implications for the stress process framework and life course research.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49591113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Do Experiences of Success and Failure Influence Beliefs about Inequality? Evidence from Selective University Admission 成功和失败的经历会影响人们对不平等的看法吗?选择性大学录取证明
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-04-07 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231165031
Rebecca Wetter, C. Finger
{"title":"Do Experiences of Success and Failure Influence Beliefs about Inequality? Evidence from Selective University Admission","authors":"Rebecca Wetter, C. Finger","doi":"10.1177/01902725231165031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231165031","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research suggests that beliefs about inequality are often biased in ways that serve people’s own interests. By contrast, people might uphold system-justifying beliefs, such as meritocratic beliefs. We test these assumptions against real-life experience of highly selective university admission. Using panel data on German medical school applicants allows us to measure belief changes through experiences of success or failure in admission. We find support that self-serving bias in beliefs outweighs the motivation for system justification: success strengthens the belief that admission depends on effort, while failure reinforces the belief that admission depends on luck. These patterns partly manifest themselves in beliefs about societal inequality. Additionally, we argue that previous experiences (long-term experiences of social upbringing and short-term experiences in university admissions) provide a frame for new experiences, examine respective effect heterogeneity, and discuss implications of our findings of diverging paths in inequality beliefs of winners and losers for the persistence of inequality.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"86 1","pages":"170 - 194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65341464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Pathways to Legitimacy for Black and White Authorities: Impressions of Competence and Warmth 黑人和白人权威的合法性之路：能力和热情的印象
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-04-04 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231162068
Katie Hawks, Karen A. Hegtvedt, Ryan Gibson, Cathryn Johnson, Jamica Zion
{"title":"Pathways to Legitimacy for Black and White Authorities: Impressions of Competence and Warmth","authors":"Katie Hawks, Karen A. Hegtvedt, Ryan Gibson, Cathryn Johnson, Jamica Zion","doi":"10.1177/01902725231162068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231162068","url":null,"abstract":"Legitimacy is crucial for the effectiveness of leaders in the workplace. We investigate pathways by which authorities in the workplace gain legitimacy and how they differ by authority race. In addition to leaders’ behaviors, subordinates’ impressions of leaders’ competence and warmth, stemming from those behaviors, impact their views of leader legitimacy. We further assess how the role of mediating impressions depends on the race of the authority enacting the behaviors. In an experimental vignette study, we manipulate the authority’s actions (use of fair procedures and power benevolently) and race (Black/white) and measure perceived competence, warmth, and legitimacy. Results indicate that the effects of leader behaviors on legitimacy operate through impressions of competence and warmth. Moreover, authority race alters this pathway; behaviors operate through competence impressions for white managers and through warmth impressions for Black managers. Our study illuminates how leaders gain legitimacy at work and how this process is racialized.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49084034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Trust and Strength of Family Ties: New Experimental Evidence 信任与家庭关系的强度:新的实验证据
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231162074
J. Ermisch, Diego Gambetta, S. L. Iacono, Burak Sonmez
{"title":"Trust and Strength of Family Ties: New Experimental Evidence","authors":"J. Ermisch, Diego Gambetta, S. L. Iacono, Burak Sonmez","doi":"10.1177/01902725231162074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231162074","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a conceptual replication of an experimental study that uncovered a robust correlation between the strength of individuals’ family ties and their distrust of strangers, striving to establish whether the link is causal. Using a different subjects pool and an online setting, we repeat the binary trust-game experiment from Ermisch and Gambetta and enrich it by manipulating the payoffs to create a low-trust and high-trust environment. The key finding is corroborated, but as expected, only in the high-trust environment. The two environments further allow us to impose a diff-and-diff design on the data, which rules out selection of low-trusting individuals into strong-tied families and gives us indirect evidence of causation, namely, that having strong family ties stunts the development of trust in strangers. Our findings support the emancipatory theory of trust proposed by Toshio Yamagishi and could be interpreted as uncovering the micro foundations of classic ethnographic studies, such as that by Edward Banfield, which described how subcultures fostering tight bonds within families or small groups make cooperation harder to be achieved.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"86 1","pages":"195 - 207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45030700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How Do Nominal Characteristics Lose Status Value? Asymmetry in Status Deconstruction 名义特征如何失去状态值？身份解构中的不对称
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231162351
David Melamed, O. Okuwobi, Leanne Barry
{"title":"How Do Nominal Characteristics Lose Status Value? Asymmetry in Status Deconstruction","authors":"David Melamed, O. Okuwobi, Leanne Barry","doi":"10.1177/01902725231162351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231162351","url":null,"abstract":"Existing theories explain how the states of nominal characteristics acquire status value and the implications of status characteristics for the distribution of rewards, honor, and esteem in groups. It is less clear how characteristics lose status value. In this article, we combine the logic of status construction theory with loss aversion from decision theory to develop novel predictions about status loss. We predict that removing the mechanism of status construction theory will result in fading consensual status beliefs and that this will occur faster for low status actors. This results in a period of conflicting or asymmetric status beliefs between groups. Results from a six-condition controlled experiment support key predictions of consensual status loss, with low status actors viewing a gain in their status faster than high status actors view a loss to theirs. We discuss ways to extend and refine the work and the implications of our theory for racial and gender status-based inequalities.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44409584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Stereotype Content of North African Men and Women in France and Its Relation to Aggression 法国北非男女刻板印象的内容及其与侵略的关系
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-03-17 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231159938
Lisa Fourgassie, Baptiste Subra, R. Sanitioso
{"title":"Stereotype Content of North African Men and Women in France and Its Relation to Aggression","authors":"Lisa Fourgassie, Baptiste Subra, R. Sanitioso","doi":"10.1177/01902725231159938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231159938","url":null,"abstract":"The present research examines the stereotypes held about North Africans in French society today. Extending past works, we included gender and separately studied the stereotypes of North African men and women. Using three techniques, namely, spontaneous generation, attribute rating, and pathfinder analysis, our results revealed distinct stereotypes of North African men and women in French society. North African men are ascribed more antisocial traits. Traits associated with North African women are related to submissiveness and domestic chores. This suggests that stereotypes revealed in past studies concerned mainly the men of the group. The results underscore the need to consider gender when studying stereotypes of ethnic and minority groups.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45218124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Contesting Reports of Racism, Contesting the Rights to Assess 对种族主义报告的质疑，对评估权的质疑
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-03-15 DOI: 10.1177/01902725221117834
T. Zhang
{"title":"Contesting Reports of Racism, Contesting the Rights to Assess","authors":"T. Zhang","doi":"10.1177/01902725221117834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725221117834","url":null,"abstract":"Analyzing a thread of online interaction, I apply conversation analysis and discursive psychology methods to explicate how experiences of racism are reported and contested by participants in interaction. The person reporting their experience of racism (the reporter) applies commonsense knowledge to assess the perpetrator's racist intent. Recipients of the report contest the reporter's rights to assess the perpetrator's intent while managing their lack of independent access to the reported encounter. In milder contestations, they cast doubt while avoiding assessing the situation themselves, which leads to negotiations over the accusation without contesting the correctness of the reporter's assessment. In aggravated contestations, recipients explicitly contest the reporter's assessment of the perpetrator, which leads to interactional breakdowns where moral culpabilities of both sides are implicated. Implications for understanding the moral difficulties involved in accusing racism, the interactional contingencies involved in responding to and contesting such accusations, and members’ understandings of racism are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"86 1","pages":"130 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48121012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mapping the Content of Asian Stereotypes in the United States: Intersections with Ethnicity, Gender, Income, and Birthplace 绘制美国亚裔刻板印象的内容:与种族、性别、收入和出生地的交集
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-03-10 DOI: 10.1177/01902725221126188
S. Benard, Bianca Manago, Anna Acosta Russian, Youngjoo Cha
{"title":"Mapping the Content of Asian Stereotypes in the United States: Intersections with Ethnicity, Gender, Income, and Birthplace","authors":"S. Benard, Bianca Manago, Anna Acosta Russian, Youngjoo Cha","doi":"10.1177/01902725221126188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725221126188","url":null,"abstract":"How are people of Asian origin perceived in contemporary U.S. culture? While often depicted as a “model minority”—competent and hardworking but also quiet, unsociable, or cold—little work measures whether and how these stereotypes vary for Asians in different social locations. We use a large (n ≈ 4,700) quota sample of the United States, matched to key U.S. demographics, to map the content of Asian stereotypes across ethnicity, gender, income, and birthplace. We find that some stereotypes are largely consistent across subgroups—such as the perception that Asians lack sociability, but not warmth, relative to White Americans—while others vary substantially. Perceptions of dominance vary by income, while perceptions of competence are moderated by income and ethnicity in complex ways. Stereotypes have important consequences, ranging from everyday frustrations to depressive symptoms and employment discrimination. Our work provides a detailed picture of how stereotypes vary across social locations.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42265245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Invisible Disabilities and Inequality 隐性残疾与不平等
IF 2.7 2区 心理学
Social Psychology Quarterly Pub Date : 2023-02-08 DOI: 10.1177/01902725231153307
J. McLeod
{"title":"Invisible Disabilities and Inequality","authors":"J. McLeod","doi":"10.1177/01902725231153307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01902725231153307","url":null,"abstract":"In this address, I consider the realized and potential contributions of sociological social psychology to research on inequality based on invisible disabilities and the challenges that invisible disabilities pose to current social psychological theories. Drawing from the social structure and personality framework, I advance the general notion of invisible disability as a dimension of inequality, consider how four basic social psychological processes (social categorization, identity, status, and stigmatization) have and can help us understand how invisible disabilities shape outcomes over the life course, and suggest new lines of research social psychologists could pursue. I close with brief comments about the benefits of such an agenda for sociological social psychology as well as how these lines of research can inform theories of stratification.","PeriodicalId":48201,"journal":{"name":"Social Psychology Quarterly","volume":"86 1","pages":"6 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-02-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45413281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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