Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Those who (enjoy to) hurt: The influence of dark personality traits on animal- and human directed sadistic pleasure","authors":"Jill Lobbestael ,&nbsp;Franziska Wolf ,&nbsp;Mario Gollwitzer ,&nbsp;Roy F. Baumeister","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Sadistic pleasure – gratuitous enjoyment from inflicting pain on others – has devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The current knowledge on non-sexual, everyday sadism – a trait that resides within the general population – is scarce. The present study therefore focussed on personality correlates of sadistic pleasure. It investigated the relationship between the Dark Triad traits, and both dispositional and state-level sadistic pleasure.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>N</em> = 120 participants filled out questionnaires to assess their level of Dark Triad traits, psychopathy subfactors, and dispositional sadism. Then, participants engaged in an animal-directed task in which they were led to believe that they were killing bugs; and in a human-directed task where they could ostensibly noise blasts another participant. The two behavioral tasks were administered within-subjects, in randomized order. Sadistic pleasure was captured by increases in reported pleasure from pre-to post-task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All Dark Triad traits related to increased dispositional sadism, with psychopathy showing the strongest link. The coldheartedness psychopathy subscale showed a unique combination with both self-reported sadism and increased pleasure following bug grinding.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Predominantly female and student sample, limiting generalizability of findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Out of all Dark Triad components, psychopathy showed the strongest link with gaining pleasure from hurting others. The results underscore the differential predictive value of psychopathy’s subcomponents for sadistic pleasure. Coldheartedness can be considered especially disturbing because of its unique relationship to deriving joy from irreversible harm-infliction (i.e. killing bugs). Our findings further establish psychopathy – and especially its coldheartedness component – as the most adverse Dark Triad trait.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000223/pdfft?md5=890b18eb8a702610c2b01b5c203623fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of sleep, cortisol reactivity, and risk/reward-based decision-making on suicide","authors":"Keyne C. Law Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Katherine L. O'Connell M.S. ,&nbsp;Samantha V. Jacobson M.S. ,&nbsp;Margaret M. Baer M.A. ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Baker Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Matthew T. Tull Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Poor sleep quality is a known contributor to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examines whether sleep quality modulates the effect of an individual's stress response and risk/reward-based decision making on suicide risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 160 adults at a residential substance use treatment facility with lifetime exposure to trauma who completed a clinician-administered measure of suicide risk, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and a self-report measure of sleep. Cortisol reactivity (i.e., changes in cortisol before and after a personalized trauma script) was used to measure stress response. We used quantile regression to examine the effects of sleep, cortisol, and risk/reward decision-making on suicide risk.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found poor sleep quality to be increasingly salient in individuals at greater risk for suicide than those at lower risk for suicide. Furthermore, individuals with moderate to moderate-high levels of suicide risk seem to have greater cortisol reactivity. In the low-moderate quantile, we found suicide risk to be associated with both high stress reactivity and low-risk, high-reward decision-making, as well as low stress reactivity and high-risk/low-reward decision-making.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>These findings should be interpreted considering several methodological constraints, such as the use of a pre-determined sample and instruments not tailored for our hypotheses, the MINI ‘Suicide’ Module's limited differentiation between suicidal ideation and behavior, and variably timed cortisol sampling.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite these limitations, the findings from this study support the use of evidence-based interventions focused on improving sleep quality and managing emotional reactivity to decrease suicide risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does responsibility for potential harm attenuate the effects of repeated checking on metamemory and automatization?","authors":"Karina Wahl,&nbsp;Martin Kollárik,&nbsp;Roselind Lieb","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101977","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101977","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Repeated checking results in large reductions in metamemory variables (confidence, details, and vividness). It has been suggested that the underlying mechanism is gradual automatization. At the same time, individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are reluctant to automatize routine processes. The aim was to investigate whether high responsibility for potential harm, typical of OCD, would attenuate the effects of repeated checking on metamemory variables and automatization.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One hundred seventy-five participants were initially provided with a cover story that put the subsequent virtual checking task in a context of potential harm for not checking properly. Participants were randomly allocated to four experimental groups (varying high and low responsibility, relevant and irrelevant checking) and performed a virtual checking task repeatedly, using either identical stimuli (relevant checking) or different stimuli (irrelevant checking) between the first and final checking trial. Metamemory variables were rated on visual analogue scales, and response latencies were assessed to establish automatization.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Larger reductions in metamemory variables following relevant checking compared to irrelevant checking replicated previous findings. High responsibility did not affect these results. Large reductions in response latencies across the checking trials (automatization) were also independent of the perceived responsibility.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>We did not include individuals with OCD.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Since responsibility did not influence the effects of repeated checking on metamemory variables, findings are consistent with the idea that automatization remains a plausible explanation of the effects of repeated checking on metamemory variables in individuals with OCD.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101977"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000363/pdfft?md5=711ac15b1a6d45ee8e495416c59496a8&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000363-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141555713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inhibition moderates the effect of attentional bias modification for reducing residual depressive symptoms: A randomized sham-controlled clinical trial","authors":"Ragnhild Bø ,&nbsp;Brage Kraft ,&nbsp;August Skilbrei ,&nbsp;Rune Jonassen ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Harmer ,&nbsp;Nils Inge Landrø","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101982","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101982","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>Residual symptoms represent risk factor for relapse. Attention bias modification (ABM) may reduce clinical and sub-clinical depressive symptoms, indicating that is may be of relevance when preventing relapse. Current evidence suggests that executive functions may moderate the outcome of interventions targeting depressive symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We assessed inhibition and shifting as indicators of executive functioning by means of the Color-Word Interference Test (i.e., “Stroop task”). These baseline characteristics were investigated as moderator of the effect of ABM on depression symptoms in a double-blinded randomized sham-controlled trial of ABM including patients with a history of recurrent depression (N = 301). Inclusion and follow-ups took place from January 2015 to October 2016. The trial was retrospectively registered #NCT02658682 January 2016.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The moderation analysis was based on the interaction term ABM x Stroop. Scaled inhibition scores ≤10.8, but not shifting ability, moderated the effect of ABM compared to sham on clinician-rated depression (HDRS). The difference from the 15th to the 85th percentile of the inhibition score was about 1 HDRS-point, indicating a small effect size. No moderation was found when self-reported depression and AB were the outcome. Post-hoc power calculation indicates risk of Type-II error.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>When targeting depressive symptoms, ABM seems to be somewhat more effective in patients with weak inhibitory control. This suggests that evaluating the level of inhibition in individual patients could provide some information when making decisions about prescribing ABM to reduce residual symptoms, but the clinical implications of this is uncertain due to an overall small effect size attributable to ABM. Future studies should examine whether inhibitory control still is a relevant moderator when comparing ABM to treatment options other than the sham control condition.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101982"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000417/pdfft?md5=d65099e411ae309f51459c5eff6cf890&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000417-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141903226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Distress variability during exposure therapy and its relationship with PTSD symptom decline","authors":"Marike J. Kooistra ,&nbsp;Chris M. Hoeboer ,&nbsp;Danielle A.C. Oprel ,&nbsp;Maartje Schoorl ,&nbsp;Willem van der Does ,&nbsp;Agnes van Minnen ,&nbsp;Rianne A. de Kleine","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Inhibitory Learning Theory (ILT) framework implies that in-session distress variability may promote extinction learning and thereby enhance exposure therapy efficacy. Thus far, research has mainly focused on in-session distress reduction. The aim of the current study was to assess whether in-session distress variability predicts next session PTSD symptom decline in PTSD patients receiving prolonged exposure (PE).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-six patients with PTSD received 14 to 16 sessions of PE. Using dynamic panel models, we assessed the temporal relation (i.e., within-persons) between in-session distress variability and PTSD symptom decline. Moreover, we assessed the averaged relation (i.e., between-persons) between in-session distress variability and PTSD symptom decline.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Temporal analyses showed that in-session distress variability did not precede PTSD symptom improvement. Averaged analyses showed that distress variability was related to PTSD symptom improvement.</p></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><p>The operationalization of distress variability appeared to deviate from its theoretical conceptualization.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In absence of distress reduction, distress variability can vary. However, our findings suggest that in-session distress variability does not drive symptom reduction during PE. In contrast, averaged over participants, distress variability was related to symptom improvement, suggesting that those with a more variable distress pattern across sessions show better treatment response. More empirical work is needed to shed light on the effect of distress variability during exposure sessions on treatment outcome and to offer grounds for clinical recommendations.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101983"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000429/pdfft?md5=48b0eb1d1a064f5fea43427b34b8f38b&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000429-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141964160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of exposure to plus-size fashion models on weight-related attitudes in bulimia nervosa: Findings from an exploratory study","authors":"Eva Naumann,&nbsp;Jennifer Svaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Eating disorders are often linked to the internalization of the thin-ideal and weight stigma. The present exploratory study investigates the effects of plus-sized fashion media on weight-related attitudes in bulimia nervosa (BN).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Women with BN (<em>n</em>=27) and without an eating disorder (<em>n</em>=28) were exposed to 17 pictures of plus-size fashion models. Participants rated the attractiveness of the models. Before and after the exposure task, participants completed questionnaires on their attitudes towards people with higher weight as well as thin-ideal media.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The BN group rated the bodies of the plus-size fashion models as less attractive than controls, whereas no group differences were found in attractiveness ratings for the models' faces or full images. In both groups, negative attitudes about people with higher weight significantly decreased after viewing plus-size model pictures. Attitudes toward thin-ideal media remained unchanged, with scores higher for BN than controls.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This exploratory study has several limitations, such as the lack of a control condition, small sample size, and reliance on only self-report data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These exploratory results imply that the positive effects of plus-sized model images on reducing negative assumptions about people with high weight may not be limited to healthy individuals but also seem to extend to women with BN. Further controlled studies with larger samples and long-term assessments are needed to confirm these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101976"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000351/pdfft?md5=5b44e5fbd3f410f143e1bce7d71fed50&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000351-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with depression","authors":"Simin Barzigar,&nbsp;Rezvan Homaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Depression exerts significant negative impacts across various life domains, including social interactions, occupational functioning, and economic well-being. These effects permeate both personal and interpersonal spheres. However, it seems that character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness play a critical role in promoting mental well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in depressed women.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Purposive sampling was employed to select 50 participants with depression based on the cut-off point (a score of 20 or greater) in Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). They were then randomly assigned to a control group (n = 25) and an experimental group (n = 25). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group received eight weekly 90-min sessions of positivity training. The control group participants did not receive any specific intervention related to depression management. The character strength scale, time perspective scale, self-awareness scale, and BDI-II were used to collect data. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included a sample of 50 women diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The participants' mean age was 38.03 years (SD = 7.96). Positivity training enhanced character strengths in women with depression. Moreover, the positivity intervention affected the time perspective factors of those women. It reduced “past negative” and “present fatalistic” and increased “past positive,” “present hedonistic,” and “future.” Finally, positivity training significantly increased self-awareness in women with depression (p &lt; 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample size was relatively small, which limits the statistical inferences.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, this study provides promising initial evidence for the potential of positivity training as an intervention to improve character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with MDD. Further research is warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings, ultimately informing the development of more comprehensive treatment approaches for depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-control problems in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Presentation of an explanatory approach","authors":"Hassan Soleimani Rad,&nbsp;Abbas Abolghasemi,&nbsp;Iraj Shakerinia,&nbsp;Seyed Valiollah Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is an impulsive aggression disorder with self-control problems. However, the mechanisms underpinning the self-control problems in IED have not been clearly investigated. Therefore, this study examined the nature of self-control problems and their types, including cognitive inhibition, behavioral inhibition, and emotional interference in IED.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants included three groups: IED (n = 54), psychiatric control (n = 59), and healthy control (n = 62). They were first screened with SCL-90-R, and then they were clinically interviewed. They all did computerized neurocognitive tasks, including Color-Word Stroop Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Go-NoGo Task, and Stop-Signal Task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MANOVA analyses showed that the IED group had poorer performance in cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and increased emotional interference than the two psychiatric and healthy control groups. They performed much worse than the other two groups, particularly in action cancellation (Stop-Signal Task), and showed increasingly emotional interference.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The brain reaction of individuals while doing the tasks was not examined, and some variables were not measured. Also, it is unclear how the emotional eruption interferes with cognitive content and behavioral inhibition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that self-control problems in IED can be due to deficient cognitive, emotional, and behavioral inhibitions, each appearing sequentially during a step-by-step process and facilitating the onset of IED signs and symptoms. Such a distinguished understanding of the role of neurocognitive mechanisms can lead to the development of accurate explanatory approaches and increase the effectiveness of treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Testing a brief attention training protocol to prevent emotional distress from a fear induction procedure","authors":"Mikael Rubin","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101956","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Attentional hypervigilance to threat in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an important topic to investigate. Efforts to leverage attention training to prevent PTSD have been promising but underlying mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The current study tested whether Attention Bias Modification (ABM) prior to an emotion induction of fear could reduce self-reported fear and arousal compared to two control conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants (N = 86) were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and randomized to receive either (1) ABM where they were directed towards fear related words on every trial; (2) Attention Control Training (ACT) where they were directed towards fear related words on 50% of trials; or (3) Neutral training where all words were neutral. Participants then completed a fear emotion induction (a 2-min video), reporting fear, arousal, and mood before and after the emotion induction.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants in the ABM condition had lower fear compared to the Neutral condition <em>b</em> = 11.43, 95% CI (1.20, 21.65), <em>d</em> = 0.48. Participants in the ABM condition did not have lower fear compared to the ACT condition <em>b</em> = 9.75, 95% CI (−0.64, 19.96), <em>d</em> = 0.41. Importantly, attentional avoidance at baseline moderated the effect of condition for both fear and arousal; higher avoidance at baseline for the ABM condition was associated with lower fear and arousal after the emotion induction compared to the Neutral condition.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample size was relatively small and limited in diversity.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings are the first experimental evidence showing that the benefit of ABM prior to a fearful experience may be in its reduction of the target emotion. Additionally, ABM may work best for those that demonstrate the most avoidance at baseline in their attention towards fearful stimuli.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140030342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Embodied cognitive restructuring: The impact of posture and movement on changing dysfunctional attitudes","authors":"M.S. O’Toole ,&nbsp;J. Michalak","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101955","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101955","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Previous theoretical and empirical work has pointed to the important role of the body in emotion generation and emotion regulation. In the present study, we wanted to investigate if the performance of certain body postures and movement could facilitate cognitive restructuring of dysfunctional cognitive attitudes more effectively than traditional, verbal-only methods.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In total, 130 participants were randomized to one of two groups. One group was subjected to cognitive restructuring (i.e., restructure only group; CR-only), verbally exploring a dysfunctional attitude from a curious, strong, and courageous perspective. The other group received the same verbal instructions but in addition to this, was asked to perform different bodily exercises (i.e., motor-enhanced restructuring group; M-CR) supposed to enhance experience of the different perspectives from which cognitive restructuring was employed.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results confirmed the primary hypothesis, showing that the M-CR-group showed a larger decline in belief in dysfunctional attitudes compared with the CR-only group (<em>F</em> = 4.2, <em>p</em> = 0.041, <em>d</em> = 0.25). No differences on secondary outcomes were observed between the two groups.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Future research should explore the effects of motor-enhanced CR both more long-term (e.g., durability over weeks) and in clinical samples (e.g., anxiety and depression).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Should the findings be replicated in clinical samples, it is encouraging that simple bodily exercises can enhance the effect of one of the most central skills of cognitive therapy.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101955"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000144/pdfft?md5=b69463ea2a29695daa236ab78250bb55&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000144-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139998945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}