Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Cognitive control, stress, and depressive symptoms: A short-term longitudinal test of the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework","authors":"Akihiro Masuyama","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Depression has been linked to impairments in cognitive control, particularly proactive control within the Dual Mechanisms of Control framework, yet little is known about how proactive control, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms co-vary within and between individuals over time. In a three-wave online study, 195 adults completed monthly assessments of depressive symptoms, perceived stress, and an AX Continuous Performance Task. Random Effects Within–Between (REWB) models were used as the primary analytic approach to examine between-person differences and within-person month-to-month deviations in perceived stress and proactive control, whereas Cross-Lagged Panel Models (CLPMs) and Random Intercept CLPMs (RI-CLPMs) were estimated as auxiliary analyses. Across reaction-time and error-rate REWB models, perceived stress showed robust positive associations with depressive symptoms at both levels. Proactive control showed no consistent effects when stress was at its mean level, but small within-person perceived stress × proactive control interactions indicated weaker concurrent stress–depression coupling during higher-than-usual stress periods. In contrast, CLPM and RI-CLPM showed poor fit and negligible cross-lagged effects. Overall, proactive control appears to function primarily as a modest, context-dependent moderator of stress–depression covariation rather than a strong longitudinal driver of change.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"92 ","pages":"Article 102100"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147388464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Magical contagion beliefs in psychopathology: A review of cognitive mechanisms and maintaining factors","authors":"Catherine Ouellet-Courtois ,&nbsp;Anna Coughtrey ,&nbsp;Sandra Krause ,&nbsp;Jakob Fink-Lamotte","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magical contagion beliefs—the idea that harm, essence, or impurity can be transmitted symbolically through resemblance, association, contact, or thought—are observed across several mental health conditions, including obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD), trauma-related disorders, eating disorders, and hoarding disorder. This narrative review synthesizes empirical evidence to clarify the emotional and cognitive mechanisms that activate and sustain these beliefs. We propose a theoretical model describing how characteristics of the perceived contaminant (contact, proximity, association, emotional valence, perceived dynamic force) interact with individual vulnerability factors (contamination sensitivity, disgust proneness), cognitive misappraisals (sympathetic magic, contamination thought–action fusion, emotional reasoning), and maintaining processes (intolerance of uncertainty, rumination, cognitive biases), to collectively amplify subjective contamination experiences and reinforce avoidance and cleansing behaviors. The review integrates findings across disorders to highlight shared and distinct pathways through which symbolic contamination beliefs persist and generalize, providing a framework to guide future research and inform targeted clinical interventions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102085"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145791731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive tendencies predict reduced access to affective reactions to auditory stimuli","authors":"Zachary Adolph Niese ,&nbsp;Noga Smadar ,&nbsp;Reuven Dar","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102084","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102084","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>The Seeking Proxies for Internal States (SPIS) model of OCD posits that reduced access to internal states plays a key role in the development and maintenance of the disorder. The current work sought to provide further support for the model's central claim that obsessive-compulsive tendencies are associated with reduced access to internal states.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants (N = 170) listened to 60 sound stimuli, rated how each one made them feel, and completed a measure of obsessive-compulsive tendencies. Following past procedure, we compared participants' ratings to each sound's normative valence rating, such that higher deviations between the ratings reflect a noisier perception of affective internal states.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>As hypothesized, higher obsessive-compulsive tendencies predicted greater deviations for both normatively-positive and normatively-negative sounds.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The current work provides additional, novel support for the SPIS model, showing that with increasing obsessive-compulsive tendencies, people exhibited reduced attunement to how auditory stimuli made them feel.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102084"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145698134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive training via mobile app for addressing eating disorder-related cognitions in the general adolescent population: Randomized controlled trial","authors":"Marta Corberán ,&nbsp;Sandra Arnáez ,&nbsp;Ángel Carrasco ,&nbsp;Yuliya Saman ,&nbsp;Laura Carratalá-Ricart ,&nbsp;Odalis I. Merchán ,&nbsp;Belén Pascual-Vera ,&nbsp;Guy Doron ,&nbsp;Gemma García-Soriano ,&nbsp;María Roncero","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Eating disorders (EDs), including anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa, are complex, distressing and debilitating disorders that affect a significant proportion of adolescents. Maladaptive beliefs about eating and body image are well-established cognitive risk factors for the development and maintenance of EDs; therefore, targeting these beliefs is an important component of prevention programs. This randomized trial evaluated the effects of a cognitive behavioral framework-based mobile application designed to reduce vulnerability to EDs by targeting associated maladaptive beliefs. <em>Method</em>: A non-clinical sample of adolescents (<em>n</em> = 93; <em>M</em>age = 13.9; 56 girls) was randomized to use a mobile application targeting maladaptive beliefs related to EDs for approximately 5 min a day during a 2-week period. The non-active control group used the same app, for the same period of time but with neutral content. Maladaptive belief related to EDs, ED symptoms, body satisfaction and self-esteem were measured at baseline (T1), immediately after two weeks of mobile application use (T2), and at 1-month follow-up (T3).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Data obtained indicated that relative to those in the control condition, adolescents that used the application demonstrated a decrease in some ED-related maladaptive beliefs and symptoms. These effects were small-to-medium size and were maintained at 1-month. No significant effects were found regarding depression, body satisfaction or self-esteem.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>These results underscore the potential usefulness of brief, low-intensity, mobile interventions in reducing vulnerability to EDs in the adolescent population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102089"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146173704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Replication of individual differences in the Pirates and Planets conditioned punishment task, but no correspondence to behavior in a non-clinical sample","authors":"Lana Mrkonja ,&nbsp;Zhan Feng ,&nbsp;Nathan J. Marchant ,&nbsp;Taco J. De Vries ,&nbsp;Mateo Leganes-Fontenau ,&nbsp;Reinout Wiers","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Individuals differ in their responses to negative consequences. While some adjust quickly to avoid punishment, others persist in maladaptive behaviors despite adverse outcomes. Such differences in punishment sensitivity have been implicated in psychological disorders, including substance use, obsessive-compulsive, and mood disorders. The Pirates and Planets task (Jean-Richard-dit-Bressel et al., 2023) identified three punishment sensitivity profiles differing in punishment contingency awareness and responsiveness. However, the task's external validity and clinical relevance remain unclear.</div><div>Here, we replicate and extend their findings using a within-subjects design with a larger sample (N = 188), a broader array of trait and psychopathology measures, and an additional task block to enhance profile interpretability.</div><div>We replicated the three profiles: (1) “sensitive” individuals who adapt to avoid punishment; (2) “unaware” individuals who adapt only after explicit punishment contingency information; and (3) “compulsive” individuals who persist despite such information. Crucially, no significant associations emerged between these profiles and symptom measures (i.e., obsessive-compulsive behaviors, alcohol use, depression, anxiety), suggesting these patterns may reflect context-dependent punishment learning processes that do not directly correspond to self-reported clinical symptoms, at least in this non-clinical sample.</div><div>Taken together, these findings indicate that, in its current implementation, the Pirates and Planets task is valuable for studying punishment learning mechanisms, but it may not yet be suitable for addressing clinically relevant individual differences or for translation to clinical populations. Establishing which task parameters reliably produce behavior that maps onto clinically relevant outcomes would be an essential next step for future research.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102086"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of verbalization versus imagery on trauma memory","authors":"Aleksandra E. Rupietta ,&nbsp;Thomas Meyer ,&nbsp;Jürgen Margraf ,&nbsp;Marcella L. Woud","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Cognitive theories on trauma memory postulate that trauma-related intrusions are associated with more data-driven and less contextual processing. However, contextualisation can be enhanced via verbalization, suggesting that verbalizing traumatic material should reduce the number of intrusions and affect other trauma-relevant symptoms and processes.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this experimental study, participants watched different trauma films and were instructed to verbalize the contents of each film clip, to visually imagine them, or to let their mind wander freely. Intrusions were measured via a diary and an intrusion provocation task applied three days after film presentation. General trauma-relevant symptoms were assessed with the Posttraumatic Symptom Checklist (PCL-5). Thought suppression was measured twice, i.e., before and after the experimental manipulation. During a memory processing task, participants were asked to recall the film clips, and their performance was evaluated based on the number of details they accurately remembered as well as the time it took them to do so.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No group differences emerged regarding the number of intrusions, PCL-5 scores, memory processing task outcomes, levels of thought suppression, or data driven processing. Exploratory correlational analyses revealed that intrusion frequency (i.e., diary intrusions, provoked intrusions) and PCL-5 scores were positively correlated with thought suppression pre- and post-manipulation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The verbalization task did not result in a reduction of intrusions and other trauma-relevant symptoms. However, results further underline the relationship between thought suppression and intrusions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102088"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146158650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Negative cognitive biases in older adults with subthreshold depression","authors":"Rendong He ,&nbsp;Junxin Li ,&nbsp;Yiming Qiu ,&nbsp;Yongliang Jiao ,&nbsp;Kexin Huang ,&nbsp;Bingyue Han ,&nbsp;Yuhang Pu ,&nbsp;Yong Jia ,&nbsp;Li Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2026.102087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Subthreshold depression is a highly prevalent and poses significant risks to quality of life among older adults. Cognitive biases play a critical role in the development and maintenance of depressive symptoms. Investigating cognitive biases in individuals with subthreshold depression may facilitate early detection of depressive tendencies. This study aims to examine cognitive biases in older adults with subthreshold depression.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study included 60 community-dwelling older adults (26 men, 34 women) with a mean age of 81.5 ± 5.0 years. Among them, 30 were identified as having subthreshold depression (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores: 8.70 ± 2.04) and 30 served as healthy controls (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores: 1.53 ± 1.33). Participants completed assessments of attention, memory, and interpretive biases through the dot-probe paradigm, recognition tasks, and ambiguous-scene tests. Data were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. Multiple comparisons were adjusted using FDR (Benjamini–Hochberg) and Holm–Bonferroni corrections.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared with controls, the subthreshold depression group exhibited stronger negative attentional bias (BI: Z = 7.83, p &lt; 0.001; OI: Z = 3.57, p &lt; 0.001; DI: Z = 3.25, p = 0.006), greater negative memory bias (Z = 8.46, p &lt; 0.001), and more pronounced negative interpretive bias (Z = 4.51, p &lt; 0.001).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Older adults with subthreshold depression exhibit significant attentional, memory, and interpretive biases towards negative information. These findings highlight the importance of early identification and intervention to prevent progression to MDD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"91 ","pages":"Article 102087"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146137974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention bias at baseline does not moderate the effect of attention bias modification for residual depressive symptoms","authors":"Hallvard Solbø Hagen ,&nbsp;Jan Ivar Røssberg ,&nbsp;Catherine J. Harmer ,&nbsp;Rune Jonassen ,&nbsp;Nils Inge Landrø ,&nbsp;Ragnhild Bø","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102073","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102073","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Clinical trials of Attention Bias Modification for depressive symptoms have consistently produced small effect sizes and mixed results. Therefore, identifying patient characteristics that can improve the efficacy has been called for. Residual depressive symptoms have been shown to increase the chance of relapse and treating this group of patients may serve to reduce the risk. In this analysis we examined whether baseline attention bias moderates the effect of Attention Bias Modification, the intended mechanism of change of the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The analysis was based on data from a randomized controlled trial with participants with a history of depression (N = 301) who were randomized to receive two daily sessions of either Attention Bias Modification or a sham treatment for 14 days. A response-based attention bias score at baseline was calculated, and a moderator analysis was run at post-intervention and 1-month follow-up measured by change in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II), respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Baseline attention bias did not moderate the effect of Attention Bias Modification at post-intervention (HDRS F(1,295) = .303, p = .582, BDI II F(1,295) = 1.1567, p = .283: or at 1-month follow-up (HDRS F(1,265) = .000, p = .247, BDI II F(1,267) = .021, p = .885).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Even though Attention Bias Modification targets attention bias, the baseline score did not significantly moderate the effect of Attention Bias Modification on any of the time points or depression measures. Consequently, baseline attentional bias does not seem to be a useful variable for identifying patients with subclinical depressive symptoms more likely to benefit from ABM.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102073"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145362575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive reappraisal of conditioned fear: A systematic review","authors":"Kaneez Fatima Dar ,&nbsp;Manish Kumar Asthana","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102076","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102076","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cognitive reappraisal is a cognitive emotion regulation strategy that involves reinterpreting the meaning associated with a situation. It has been shown to alter emotional responses. In recent years, the human capability of voluntary regulation of emotion has been employed to regulate conditioned fear responses. The aim of the current systematic review is to provide a review of studies investigating the effect of reappraisal on the attenuation of conditioned fear responses in healthy participants. Following the PRISMA guideline for reporting, two digital databases, PubMed and Scopus, were used to search for relevant published articles. A total of eleven studies and twelve separate experiments fulfilled the selection criteria of the analysis. This systematic review discusses experimental studies assessing the effect of cognitive reappraisal on attenuation of conditioned fear responses, its effect on different phases of conditioning, its underlying neural mechanisms, and factors that influence successful reappraisal outcome. The current review also highlights the need for standardized cognitive reappraisal practice. Although the studies differ and have limitations in their methodology, the results suggest a positive effect of cognitive reappraisal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102076"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145519935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel metaphor processing in high and low schizotypal individuals","authors":"Lara Fernandes ,&nbsp;Giulia Olyff ,&nbsp;Justine Bruxelmane ,&nbsp;Loïc Le Nadan ,&nbsp;Sandrine Detandt ,&nbsp;Ariane Bazan","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigated whether non-clinical high-schizotypal adults exhibit pragmatic language impairments like those observed in schizophrenia patients. 664 participants completed a novel metaphor comprehension task designed to assess three types of interpretations: figurative, literal, and concrete, alongside the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire (SPQ). Findings reveal that individuals with high SPQ scores show significant difficulties in understanding metaphors, aligning with patterns seen in schizophrenia. Errors predominantly favored literal and concrete interpretations. The study emphasizes the importance of utilizing novel metaphors to measure the ability to process figurative language, as lexicalized metaphors may only reflect associative thinking rather than true comprehension.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102070"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145253395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}