Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Can an app designed to reduce repetitive negative thinking decrease depression and anxiety in young people? Results from a randomized controlled prevention trial","authors":"Julia Funk ,&nbsp;Johannes Kopf-Beck ,&nbsp;Keisuke Takano ,&nbsp;Edward Watkins ,&nbsp;Thomas Ehring","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Rates of mental health disorders are rising among adolescents and young adults. Therefore, scalable methods for preventing psychopathology in these age groups are needed. As repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is a risk factor for depression and anxiety disorders, targeting RNT via smartphone app promises to be an effective, scalable strategy. The current three-arm, parallel group, randomized controlled trial tested whether a self-help app designed to reduce RNT decreased psychopathological symptoms and RNT in adolescents and young adults at risk for mental disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A sample of 16–22-year-olds with elevated levels of RNT (<em>N</em> = 365) were randomly allocated to either use a one of two self-help apps designed to reduce RNT for 6 weeks or to a waitlist. The full RNT-focused intervention app encompassed a variety of RNT-reducing strategies, whereas the concreteness training app focused on one of these strategies, namely, concrete thinking.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The apps did not decrease depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms and RNT relative to the waitlist. However, exploratory analyses using a minimum dose criterion showed that participants who used the full-RNT-focused intervention app more often, reported greater baseline to follow-up decreases in depressive symptoms compared to waitlist.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Include decreased power due to slightly more dropout than expected and limited generalizability due to the mostly female and highly educated sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>RNT-focused prevention via a self-help app did not decrease depression and anxiety, presumably due to too little engagement with the app content provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102014"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014171","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Verification report: A critical reanalysis of Vahey et al. (2015) “A meta-analysis of criterion effects for the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) in the clinical domain”","authors":"Ian Hussey","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102015","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102015","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The meta-analysis reported in Vahey et al. (2015) concluded that the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure (IRAP) has high clinical criterion validity (meta-analytic <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = .45) and therefore “the potential of the IRAP as a tool for clinical assessment” (p. 64). Vahey et al. (2015) also reported power analyses, and the article is frequently cited for sample size determination in IRAP studies, especially their heuristic of <em>N</em> &gt; 37. This article attempts to verify those results. Results were found to have very poor reproducibility at almost every stage of the data extraction and analysis with errors generally biased towards inflating the effect size. The reported meta-analysis results were found to be mathematically implausible and could not be reproduced despite numerous attempts. Multiple internal discrepancies were found in the effect sizes such as between the forest plot and funnel plot, and between the forest plot and the supplementary data. 23 of the 56 (41.1%) individual effect sizes were not actually criterion effects and did not meet the original inclusion criteria. The original results were also undermined by combining effect sizes with different estimands. Reextraction of effect sizes from the original articles revealed 360 additional effect sizes that met inclusion criteria that should have been included in the original analysis. Examples of selection bias in the inclusion of larger effect sizes were observed. A new meta-analysis was calculated to understand the compound impact of these errors (i.e., without endorsing its results as a valid estimate of the IRAP's criterion validity). The effect size was half the size of the original (<span><math><mrow><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = .22), and the power analyses recommended sample sizes nearly 10 times larger than the original (<em>N</em> &gt; 346), which no published original study using the IRAP has met. In aggregate, this seriously undermines the credibility and utility of the original article's conclusions and recommendations. Vahey et al. (2015) appears to need substantial correction at minimum. In particular, researchers should not rely on its results for sample size justification. A list of suggestions for error detection in meta-analyses is provided.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102015"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reappraising beliefs about losing control: An experimental investigation","authors":"Cailyn P.E.A. Fridgen,&nbsp;Adam S. Radomsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Beliefs about losing control over one's thoughts, emotions, behaviours, and/or bodily functions have been shown to cause obsessive-compulsive symptoms. The cognitive model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) suggests that catastrophic misappraisals of intrusions will lessen if underlying maladaptive beliefs are effectively reduced. The primary aim of this study was to experimentally investigate whether preexisting negative appraisals about losing control could be reduced by reappraising a previous perceived loss of control.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A sample of (<em>n</em> = 52) undergraduate participants underwent either a brief cognitive intervention or a control memory task. Negative appraisals about losing control and anxiety were measured before and after the manipulation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In comparison to participants in the control condition, participants in the experimental condition reported a significantly greater reduction in negative appraisals about having lost control (<em>F</em>(1, 50) = 10.79, <em>p</em> = .002, <em>η</em>_<em>p</em>^<em>2</em> = .18) and about losing control in the future (<em>F</em>(1, 50) = 7.82, <em>p</em> = .007, <em>η</em>_<em>p</em>^<em>2</em> = .14) but not anxiety <em>F</em>(1, 50) = .81, <em>p</em> = .37, <em>η</em>_<em>p</em>^<em>2</em> = .02). <em>Limitations</em>: The absence of an impact on anxiety may be attributed to an underpowered sample size or the lack of a more robust intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results suggest that pre-existing beliefs about losing control can be reduced via a brief cognitive reappraisal-based intervention. Findings are discussed with respect to clinical and phenomenological implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of a brief self-compassion intervention on state emotion dysregulation in self-reported generalized anxiety disorder","authors":"Jordan M. De Herrera,&nbsp;Cynthia L. Turk","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>The current study examined emotion dysregulation and self-compassion as an intervention in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>College students who met criteria for GAD according to questionnaires and non-anxious controls participated in an anxious mood induction. Subsequently, participants were randomized to a self-compassion or control intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Following the mood induction, the GAD group reported less self-compassion, more emotion dysregulation, more state anxiety, and more negative affect than the control group. In the intervention phase, for the self-compassion condition, all participants, irrespective of the presence or absence of GAD symptomatology, experienced a significant increase in state self-compassion and a significant decrease in state anxiety from pre-to post-intervention. Additionally, participants in the GAD group in the self-compassion condition also endorsed significantly less state emotion dysregulation and less negative affect. Participants in both groups assigned to the control intervention reported little change. Within the GAD group, the self-compassion manipulation produced more state self-compassion than the control intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Participants were undergraduate students; as a result, the findings might not generalize to individuals presenting for treatment of GAD. The demonstrated effects were on state measures following a brief writing intervention; additional research is needed to assess the impact of more extensive self-compassion interventions over a longer time frame.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results align with theory and previous studies, revealing heightened emotion dysregulation among those with GAD symptoms. A self-compassion intervention led to significant improvements for both participants with GAD symptoms and those without.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102012"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014174","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A decade on: Reflecting on the limitations of the first meta-analysis of the Implicit Relational Assessment Procedure's (IRAP) criterion validity in the clinical domain","authors":"Nigel Vahey ,&nbsp;Emma Nicholson ,&nbsp;Dermot Barnes-Holmes","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Hussey (in press) recently conducted a detailed critical reanalysis of Vahey, Nicholson and Barnes-Holmes’ (2015) meta-analysis. Its stated purpose was to (a) examine the extent to which Vahey et al.’s (2015) meta-analysis contains errors; and (b) to test how computationally reproducible it is by current standards of best practice. Hussey identified a small number of minor numerical errors, but crucially was unable to exactly replicate the original meta-effect of <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = .45. Six different variations of the meta-analysis reported by Vahey et al. were used and obtained meta-effects that deviated from the original by <em>Δ</em> <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = .01-.02. Hussey also reported corresponding 95% credibility intervals that were all of zero width. These discrepancies prompted the present authors to conduct a detailed audit of the original meta-analysis. This revealed one minor transposing error in addition to three identified by Hussey. Once corrected this resulted in a marginally increased Hunter and Schmidt meta-analytic effect of <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = .46 without a credibility interval, and a Hedges-Vevea meta-effect of <span><math><mrow><mover><mi>r</mi><mo>‾</mo></mover></mrow></math></span> = .47 with 95% confidence interval (.40, .54). This correction was too small to have any bearing on Vahey et al.’s supplementary analyses regarding publication bias or statistical power. Vahey et al. contained a much lower proportion of transposing errors than is typical of meta-analyses even still (cf. Kadlec, Sainani, &amp; Nimphius, 2023; Lakens et al., 2016; Lakens et al., 2017). Nonetheless, Hussey highlighted important ambiguities about the theoretical and practical meaning of the meta-effect reported by Vahey et al. We clarify our position on these matters in summary, and in so doing explain why we believe that the wider IRAP literature would undoubtedly benefit from increased adoption of contemporary open science standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102016"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An online group behavioral activation therapy for major depressive disorder: Adaptation, effectiveness, and trajectories of change in a lower-middle income country","authors":"Sara Sardashti ,&nbsp;Maryam Farhadian ,&nbsp;Ali Ghaleiha ,&nbsp;Fritz Renner ,&nbsp;Sara Ahsani-Nasab ,&nbsp;Latif Moradveisi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objective</h3><div>Depressive disorders are common mental illnesses associated with high burden of disease. In this study, the effects of an online group behavioral activation on depressive symptoms and rumination were evaluated, and trajectories of change in patients with major depressive disorder adapted for a lower-middle income context investigated.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study was an online single-group non-randomized trial. Patients were recruited from various parts of the country through social media and medical university clinics. In total, 79 women with major depressive disorder were included. We measured Beck Depressive Inventory-II (BDI-II) scores, depressive rumination and behavioral activation scores, sudden gains, depression spikes, early response, and clinical change. Patients attended an online weekly ten-session behavioral activation therapy. K-nearest neighbor was used to impute missing data and estimate the importance of candidate predictors of clinical change. However, due to a high attrition rate, paired tests were performed using per-protocol analysis without data imputation.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The mean difference (SD) of the BDI-II score from the beginning to the end of the study was 21.10 (10.21), <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001. Improvement was observed for depressive rumination (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), and for behavioral activation (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Clinical change and early response were significantly related to BDI-II change (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Favorable changes in behavioral activation, depressive symptoms, or rumination showed linear patterns. Clinical change (<em>P</em> = 0.453) and BDI-II (<em>P</em> = 0.050) were not statistically different between patients with moderate versus severe symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Participants were solely women. Some patients did not attend all sessions, and participants were not followed in the post-treatment period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>online group behavioral activation therapy is suggested as an appropriate and accessible front-line treatment for moderate to severe major depressive disorder in lower-middle income countries.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102013"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of polyregulation and its effectiveness following exposure to One's most personally distressing intrusive thought","authors":"Katharine E. Daniel ,&nbsp;Sabine Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Jacoby","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Using multiple emotion regulation strategies in response to a single stressor—known as polyregulation—is an understudied but common event. The role of polyregulation in psychological disorders characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is unexplored, despite well-documented difficulties in emotion regulation and strong urges to avoid and escape one's intrusive thoughts in RNT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 60) either had clinical levels of RNT (<em>n</em> = 15 with worries, <em>n</em> = 14 with ruminations, <em>n</em> = 16 with obsessions) or non-clinical levels of RNT (<em>n</em> = 15) and were exposed to their most personally distressing intrusive thought during an in-lab task. Proportional odds logistic regressions were used to test if RNT group and situation-level factors predicted greater polyregulation following the thought exposure. Multilevel regressions were used to test the short-term effectiveness of polyregulation on subjective distress and psychophysiological responding (heart rate, skin conductance).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety percent of participants reported using two or more strategies following intrusive thought exposure. Extent of polyregulation was not significantly predicted by RNT group, most situation-level factors, or short-term regulatory effectiveness. Endorsing a greater need to control one's intrusive thought did, however, predict use of more strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This is a secondary analysis in a small sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given treatments for psychological disorders characterized by RNT attempt to disrupt the connection between a person's urge to control their distressing thoughts and efforts to escape or avoid those thoughts, continued investigation into the role of polyregulation in intrusive thinking may guide clinical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological momentary assessment models trajectories of expectancy following exposure: A proof-of-concept pilot study","authors":"Olivia M. Losiewicz,&nbsp;Anastasia L. McGlade,&nbsp;Michael Treanor,&nbsp;Michelle G. Craske","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>The Inhibitory Retrieval Approach to exposure therapy for fears and anxiety emphasizes prediction error as one of several strategies for improving outcomes. Prediction error depends on disconfirmation of expectancies for the feared outcome, and thus exposure strategies that derive from inhibitory retrieval approaches emphasize expectancy violation during exposure. However, research studies examining expectancy violation in exposure therapy have treated expectancy as a stable characteristic, assuming that expectancy following an exposure exercise remains constant over time. This brief report outlines two different uses of a methodology for using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess between-session expectancy following exposure during treatment for anxiety, and reports on pilot trial results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults with social anxiety disorder (<em>N</em> = 12) and spider phobia (<em>N</em> = 31) taking part in larger trials investigating exposure therapy completed EMA questionnaires assessing expectancy for their feared outcome for 2–4 days following each of two exposure sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Expectancy ratings decreased from pre-to post-exposure and remained stable for 2–4 days following exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This pilot study used a very limited sample size and should be replicated in a larger sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Expectancy for feared outcome may be assessed using EMA following exposure sessions. Pilot results suggest that expectancy decreases immediately following exposures and remains stable afterwards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint attention effect on irrelevant stimuli resistance in high functional autism and neurotypical adults","authors":"Brunetti Marcella ,&nbsp;Alessandrelli Riccardo ,&nbsp;Ceci Franca ,&nbsp;D.'Andrea Antea ,&nbsp;Pettorruso Mauro ,&nbsp;Martinotti Giovanni ,&nbsp;Di Matteo Rosalia","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Clinical practice reveals that individuals with autism characterized by the absence of cognitive impairment (High Functioning Autism-HFA) show difficulty in sharing attention with unfamiliar people. We hypothesized that this difficulty could affect cognitive control by selectively impairing stimulus-encoding or response-selection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-one HFA and 23 neurotypical adults were involved in a two-phase study. The first phase was performed at home, through an online link; the second one was held four months later in our laboratory in the presence of two experimenters. A letter-flanker task was administered in both phases. In the Stimulus-Response (SR) conflict condition, the target and flankers were assigned to the same/different response keys. In the Stimulus-Stimulus (SS) conflict condition, the target and flankers were perceptually similar/dissimilar. Two mixed-ANOVAs were conducted on response times and accuracy with Phases (Home vs Lab), Groups (HFA, Neurotypical), SR conditions (congruent, incongruent, neutral) and SS conditions (congruent, incongruent) as factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results show that only HFAs' inhibition ability was negatively affected by the experimenters’ presence compared to when they were alone, by reducing accuracy when dealing with an SS conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The differences between the home-phase and lab-phase sessions require further elaboration to understanding the nature of social interaction during the lab session.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that, for HFA, the “at home” context, free from social and emotional pressure, allowed them to emphasize their detail-focused cognitive style.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To be aware or not aware: Do intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ?","authors":"Catherine A. Keeping,&nbsp;Reginald D.V. Nixon,&nbsp;Victoria M.E. Bridgland,&nbsp;Melanie K.T. Takarangi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People sometimes re-experience traumatic events via intrusive memories that spontaneously and unintentionally intrude into consciousness (i.e., intrusions). Such intrusions can be experienced without explicit awareness (i.e., <em>meta-awareness</em>). However, we do not know whether intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ in how people experience them (i.e., characteristics) or react to them via maladaptive responses (i.e., suppression, negative interpretations), and therefore whether they are important to differentiate. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to watch a trauma analogue film and—during a subsequent unrelated reading task—intermittently probed them to capture and assess <em>one</em> film-related intrusion. Intrusion meta-awareness positively correlated with intrusion negativity, re-experiencing, and suppression, but not with how people interpreted the meaning of their intrusion. Our findings suggest intrusions with and without meta-awareness can differ in how they are experienced and associated with thought suppression—highlighting the importance of considering both types of intrusions in theory and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}