Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Therapeutic climbing as an adjunctive treatment for psychiatric inpatients: A qualitative study","authors":"Lisa Zöbl ,&nbsp;Anika Frühauf ,&nbsp;Alexander Heimbeck ,&nbsp;Ulrich Voderholzer ,&nbsp;Martin Kopp","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Therapeutic climbing (TC) is increasingly used as a therapy form in psychosomatic settings. Recent studies have shown its effectiveness in terms of symptom severity and other psychological factors compared to other sports and even to group cognitive behavioural therapy. To gain a deeper understanding of TC, the present study aimed to qualitatively explore the patients' perspectives.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>The qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore the experiences of inpatients at a psychosomatic clinic who participated in a standardised climbing therapy group. The main diagnoses of the participants were depression, anxiety, or obsessive-compulsive disorder (n = 17; 12 female, 5 male). Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most patients described positive effects of TC. The following four factors emerged: Cognitive (e.g. concentration, focus), emotional (e.g. trust in oneself and others), social (e.g. mutual support), and physical (e.g. strength). Patients also reported positive perceived aspects in connection with their mental disorder and listed various transfer options, which indicates an effectiveness beyond TC.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>From the patients' perspective, TC influences various factors, which also interact. Many of the identified effects could be assigned to the common factors of psychotherapy, which indicates that TC addresses similar factors as established psychotherapies. In addition to the researched aspects of self-efficacy and affective responses, new aspects were identified: Focus and concentration, social interaction, facing challenges, improved self-confidence, trust in others, and resource activation. Practical implications could be derived from this. Future studies should investigate the efficacy of TC in randomised, controlled clinical trials, considering the aspects identified.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102058"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Let's kick that habit: An experiment of five habit-change strategies on habits and symptoms among adults with sleep problems","authors":"Laurel D. Sarfan,&nbsp;Anne E. Milner,&nbsp;Sondra Tiab,&nbsp;Diya Tuli,&nbsp;Allison G. Harvey","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102049","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102049","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Habits are underexplored in research on evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs). We recruited participants (<em>N</em> = 286) with sleep problems via Mechanical Turk for an experiment to shift wake-up habits, a key target of EBPTs for sleep problems. Participants were randomly assigned to a control (i.e., psychoeducation about healthy wake-up habits) or one of five active habit-change strategies: substitution with RISE UP, awareness training, vigilant monitoring, implementation intentions, and values. New and old wake-up habit strength, sleep disruption, and sleep-related impairment were assessed at baseline, six-week follow-up, and three-month follow-up. Aim 1 tested within- and between-condition change in the outcomes. Aim 2 tested whether change in wake-up habit strength predicted improvements in sleep disruption and sleep-related impairment. Except the values condition, all habit-change strategies and the control were significantly associated with within-condition improvements at 6-week follow-up and 3-month follow-up in: new habit strength (<em>d</em> = 0.81 to 1.68), old habit strength (<em>d</em> = −0.63 to −1.04), sleep disruption (<em>d</em> = −0.97 to −1.98), and sleep-related impairment (<em>d</em> = −0.60 to −1.65). Few differences between conditions emerged. Across conditions, more than 50% of participants met thresholds for clinically meaningful improvement, except the values condition at 3-month follow-up. Change in new and old habit strength significantly predicted change in sleep problems. Key limitations included: an exclusively online study design, dropout rate, and sample collected via Mechanical Turk using self-report measures without formal assessment of sleep diagnoses. Future research should investigate the clinical presentations and EBPT skills for which these habit-change strategies are most effective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102049"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual reality assisted cognitive behavioral therapy improves theory of mind and decreases paranoia in patients with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Elham Monaghesh ,&nbsp;Sara Farhang ,&nbsp;Taha Samad-Soltani","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>patients with schizophrenia have deficits in social cognition and functioning. Virtual reality is a 3D real-world simulation created by a computer. Virtual reality-based cognitive behavioral therapy might increase effectiveness and acceptability of treatment for these patients. This study investigated the efficacy of VR-CBT compared to traditional CBT in improving these outcomes in patients with recent-onset schizophrenia.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In this open-label, randomized controlled trial, 60 patients with schizophrenia (36 men, 24 women) were randomized to receive either four sessions of VR-CBT or traditional CBT, in addition to pharmacological treatment. The VR environment simulated a bus trip with 11 neutral-faced avatars. Outcomes were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS; positive symptom subscale), the Green Paranoid Thoughts Scale (GPTS), and the Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test (Eyes Test) at baseline and post-treatment. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Both groups showed significant improvements in all measures (p &lt; 0.05). However, the VR-CBT group demonstrated significantly greater reductions in PANSS (p &lt; 0.001) and GPTS scores (p &lt; 0.001), and a significantly greater increase in Eyes Test scores (p &lt; 0.002) compared to the CBT group. No adverse effects were reported.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>VR-CBT appears to be a promising adjunct to standard treatment for recent-onset schizophrenia, offering superior improvements in positive symptoms, paranoia, and ToM compared to traditional CBT. Further research is warranted to examine the long-term effects and underlying mechanisms of VR-CBT in this population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102055"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144889032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Obsessive-compulsive symptoms moderate the effect of contamination motion on disgust intensity","authors":"M. Pelzer ,&nbsp;C. Ouellet-Courtois ,&nbsp;S. Krause ,&nbsp;A. Coughtrey ,&nbsp;J. Fink-Lamotte","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Perceiving a threat as constantly evolving, coming closer and escalating quickly can result in looming vulnerability (LV). LV may be a distal factor in contamination-based OCD (C-OCD) influencing disorder-specific mechanisms such as disgust. The aim of this study was to gain knowledge about three components of LV: speed, proximity and acceleration, and their influence on the relationship between disgust and C-OCD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>119 participants with subclinical C-OCD symptoms imagined four out of seven versions of a disgusting bathroom scene, varying in speed (slow/fast), proximity (farther away/closer), and acceleration (constant/exponential). These six dynamic conditions were compared to a static description. T-tests and a Bayesian multilevel model were used to assess differences in perceived dynamics of threat, disgust responses, and to examine the moderating role of C-OCD symptoms on responses to the experimental conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Threats in the dynamic conditions were perceived as significantly faster, closer, and more accelerated than in the static version. A difference within dynamic dimensions only emerged between the farther away and closer conditions. The Bayesian model showed a moderating effect of C-OCD symptoms leading to higher levels of disgust in the dynamic conditions, but not within the static condition.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Without baseline disgust and LV measures, the specific contributions to disgust and LV for each condition remain unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>By showing that imagining dynamic contamination only elicits stronger disgust in individuals with higher C-OCD symptoms, the results support the idea of LV as a distal factor influencing symptom-maintaining factors in C-OCD such as disgust.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"90 ","pages":"Article 102068"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144894950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathic meanness is associated with fewer over-mentalizing errors","authors":"Steven M. Gillespie ,&nbsp;Ahmad M. Abu-Akel","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In many of the tests used to investigate the relationship of psychopathic traits with theory of mind task perfromance, the nature of any mentalizing errors is unclear, and performance could reflect a tendency towards either under-mentalizing or over-mentalizing. In this study, a sample of 92 healthy adult participants completed a measure of psychopathic traits and the Movie for the Assessment of Social Cognition (MASC). The MASC not only assesses mentalizing about cognitive and affective mental states but also measures the proportion of under-versus over-mentalizing errors. Psychopathic meanness, but not boldness or disinhibition, was associated with better overall mentalizing, better cognitive mentalizing, and fewer over-mentalizing errors. Our findings are discussed in the context of using a consistent and well-defined operationalization of mentalizing and the importance of assessing the tendency toward under- or over-mentalizing errors to better understand the nature of theory of mind task performance in relation to distinct psychopathic traits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Facing your inner critic: a randomized controlled trial investigating a virtual reality intervention with and without a perspective change for excessive self-criticism","authors":"Marit Hidding ,&nbsp;Wim Veling ,&nbsp;Gerdina H.M. Pijnenborg ,&nbsp;Elisabeth C.D. van der Stouwe","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Excessive self-criticism has been associated with several psychiatric disorders, as well as poorer therapeutic outcomes. Compassion-based therapies are time-consuming and can be challenging because of the use of mental imagery. Virtual Reality interventions enable concrete visual representations and may be more efficient. We investigated a single-session VR intervention, based on chair dialogue exercises from schema therapy, for self-criticism and self-compassion. Furthermore, the additional effect of the novel VR technique perspective change was assessed.</div></div><div><h3>Design</h3><div>Undergraduate students (n = 68) with high levels of self-criticism were randomized to either the intervention with or without an additional perspective change. Pre- and post-measures consisted of self-report questionnaires on self-compassion, self-criticism, negative and positive affect.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants underwent the single-session VR intervention where they had to respond assertively towards an avatar who expressed the participant's own excessive self-criticism. The perspective change consisted of a change to third person perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The VR intervention significantly decreased self-criticism and negative affect and increased self-compassion for both conditions directly after the session. No additional effect was found for the perspective change.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This was the first study to apply VR within a schema therapy exercise. Positive effects indicate the potential of VR schema therapy for individuals with excessive self-criticism in clinical practice.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>The trial was registered retrospectively at <span><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span> (Trial ID: NCT05887141).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress and stress reactivity in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following eye movement desensitization (EMD): A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Eka Susanty ,&nbsp;Marit Sijbrandij ,&nbsp;Denise J. van der Mee ,&nbsp;Wilis Srisayekti ,&nbsp;Yusep Suparman ,&nbsp;Anja C. Huizink","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>People with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may experience heightened stress reactivity. Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based treatment involving eye movements while retrieving memories. We evaluated if EMD participants had less stress reactivity than retrieval-only participants after personal trauma scripts. We also investigated changes in daily cortisol levels related to treatment outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Methodology</h3><div>PTSD participants (N = 91) were randomly assigned to EMD (N = 47) or retrieval-only conditions (N = 44). Baseline and post-treatment data were collected and measured using Heart rate variability (HRV), heart rate (HR), pre-ejection period (PEP), and cortisol levels (AUC; the area under the curve, and CAR; the cortisol awakening response). We conducted a linear mixed model to analyze the main outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No difference between EMD and retrieval-only in the reduction of stress reactivity and acceleration of recovery over time. Both groups showed that HR and PEP reactivity to the trauma script decreased significantly after treatment. In contrast, only EMD group experienced an acceleration of HR recovery in response to trauma scripts following treatment. Cortisol measures showed an inconsistent pattern, with a higher CAR in retrieval-only after treatment compared to EMD. However, no significant difference was found between groups in terms of AUC levels after treatment.</div></div><div><h3>Limitation</h3><div>The precision of measuring and analyzing saliva samples is highly dependent on the participant's adherence to the schedule.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>No specific benefits for eye movements was found in the current study. Both EMDR and retrieval-only can reduce stress reactivity in treating PTSD.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>[<span><span>www.ClinicalTrials.gov</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>], identifier [ISRCTN55239132].</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144686551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing effects on memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety via metaphor encoding of solutions and motivated retrieval of problem contexts","authors":"Lu Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Zhang ,&nbsp;Fei Yu ,&nbsp;Wencai Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102041","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102041","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The psychotherapeutic memory is vital for sustaining the therapy's effect for longer, as it serves as a resource for coping with future mental distress. This study used “problem-solution” micro-counselling dialogues (MCDs) to investigate whether memory for psychotherapy in people with anxiety could be promoted by enhancing encoding and retrieval of memory. Experiment 1 examined whether metaphorical encoding of solutions could obtain better memory of solutions in people with anxiety. Experiment 2 examined whether high retrieval motivation (HRM) of problems could promote memory retrieval of solutions, especially metaphorical ones, compared with low retrieval motivation (LRM) in people with anxiety. The results revealed that (1) metaphorical encoding increased memory performance, with higher memory discrimination (d’) and correct recognition numbers (CR) of solutions compared with literal solutions in both the anxious and healthy group. (2) High retrieval motivation increased memory performance only in anxious participants, with the d’ of HRM higher than LRM and the d’ of HRM in metaphorical solutions higher than literal ones. These results indicated optimal memory of psychotherapy for anxious individuals can be achieved by simultaneously employing metaphorical encoding of solutions and increasing the retrieval motivation of problems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102041"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144166711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the role of weight in body representation through the Rubber Hand Illusion: when individual weight concerns matter","authors":"Maria Elena Navarra ,&nbsp;Sofia Tagini ,&nbsp;Alessandro Mauro ,&nbsp;Federica Scarpina","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102039","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102039","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bodily weight is a physical characteristic involved in body dissatisfaction. We investigated whether the cognitive body representation can be updated to include weight variations using the Rubber Hand Illusion. Moreover, we aimed to explore the role of the individual expression of weight concerns and fat-phobia.</div><div>Twenty-eight healthy-weight women participated to a Rubber Hand Illusion study, in which an over- and an under-weight rubber hand were tested together with a normal-weigh rubber hand. We verified the effect of hand's weight on the proprioceptive drift and the subjective experience of illusion. Moreover, we measured the individual expression of weight concerns.</div><div>As with the normal-weight rubber hand, both the underweight and overweight ones produced significant rubber hand illusion effects, as quantified by proprioceptive judgments and questionnaire ratings. Moreover, higher levels of body image concerns were linked to higher shift towards the under-weight rubber hand, as well as higher expression of fat-phobia increased higher illusory subjective experience towards the normal-weight hand.</div><div>Hands of different weights can be successfully embodied, in line with previous evidence relative to whole body illusions. Nevertheless, we underlined the role of weight concerns in modulating the illusion. Our results are meaningful for those psychopathological conditions characterized by profound changes in individual weight.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"88 ","pages":"Article 102039"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143878568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Repetitive negative thinking in OCD: Evaluation of novel scenarios for cognitive bias modification training","authors":"Chloe Bowles ,&nbsp;Rachel White ,&nbsp;Colette R. Hirsch ,&nbsp;Karina Wahl","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102037","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102037","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Evidence suggests that repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is underpinned by interpretation bias which is heightened among individuals with OCD. Cognitive bias modification for interpretation training (CBM-I) may reduce RNT by modifying interpretation bias which could reduce OCD symptoms. This study evaluated novel scenarios in terms of appropriateness and validity for use in a future CBM-I study targeting OCD-related RNT. This included analysis of the associations between interpretation bias and OCD symptoms, RNT, and OCD-specific rumination, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Forty-four novel CBM-I scenarios targeting RNT in OCD were developed based on clinical expertise and interviews of people with lived experience. A general population sample (<span><math><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></math></span> = 167) completed the missing word at the end of each scenario to resolve ambiguity. This provided a measure of interpretation bias, and item-level data on the materials’ ability to assess negative and benign interpretations. Participants also completed measures of OCD symptoms, general RNT and OCD-specific rumination.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most scenarios displayed strong item discrimination coefficients, and well-balanced valence of interpretation responses, with minimal improvements required for future use. Interpretation bias was moderately positively correlated with OCD symptoms, RNT, and OCD-specific rumination, indicating good criterion validity.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The order of CBM-I scenarios was not randomised which may have led to order effects, and some participants failed to adhere to instructions causing missing data.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The evaluation of the CBM-I scenarios yielded encouraging results for their use in a future CBM-I single session study. This may lead the way for future interventions for OCD-related RNT.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"89 ","pages":"Article 102037"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}