Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Fear-related associations in children of parents with an anxiety disorder","authors":"Anke M. Klein ,&nbsp;Rianne E. Van Niekerk ,&nbsp;Esther Allart Van Dam ,&nbsp;Mike Rinck ,&nbsp;Marc J.P.M. Verbraak ,&nbsp;Giel J.M. Hutschemaekers ,&nbsp;Eni S. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101953","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101953","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Children of parents with an anxiety disorder are at elevated risk for developing an anxiety disorder themselves. According to cognitive theories, a possible risk factor is the development of schema-related associations. This study is the first to investigate whether children of anxious parents display fear-related associations and whether these associations relate to parental anxiety.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>44 children of parents with panic disorder, 27 children of parents with social anxiety disorder, and 84 children of parents without an anxiety disorder filled out the SCARED-71, and the children performed an Affective Priming Task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found partial evidence for disorder-specificity: When the primes were related to their parent's disorder and the targets were negative, the children of parents with panic disorder and children of parents with social anxiety disorder showed the lowest error rates related to their parents' disorder, but they did not have faster responses. We did not find any evidence for the expected specificity in the relationship between the parents' or the children's self-reported anxiety and the children's fear-related associations, as measured with the APT.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Reliability of the Affective Priming Task was moderate, and power was low for finding small interaction effects.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Whereas clearly more research is needed, our results suggest that negative associations may qualify as a possible vulnerability factor for children of parents with an anxiety disorder.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101953"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139919374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep-related attentional bias in insomnia: The mediating role of arousal","authors":"Cindy Lebrun ,&nbsp;Pom Charras ,&nbsp;Sophie Bayard","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Characterize the nature of attentional biases toward nocturnal and diurnal sleep-related stimuli in individuals with insomnia disorder. We investigated the contributing role of sleep-related attentional biases in insomnia severity and whether their effects on insomnia severity were mediated by arousal and valence levels of the presented stimuli.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Sixty-four individuals with insomnia disorder and 70 controls completed two Posner spatial cueing tasks including both nocturnal (alarm clocks) and diurnal (fatigue) pictorial stimuli associated with neutral cues. Arousal and valence of the sleep-related stimuli were assessed using a 5-point Likert type scale.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Attention biases characterized by difficulty disengaging from and increased avoidance for daytime fatigue, and by difficulty disengaging from alarm clocks were observed in individuals with insomnia disorder compared to controls. On the whole sample, difficulty to disengage from diurnal and nocturnal sleep-related stimuli were related mostly to higher arousal rating of sleep-related stimuli and insomnia severity. Higher arousal rating for sleep-related stimuli mediates the relationship between difficulty disengaging and insomnia severity.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The cross-sectional nature of the study.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We provide first initial evidence for an attentional bias characterized by on one side, avoidance for diurnal sleep-related stimuli and on other side, disengagement for both diurnal and nocturnal sleep-related stimuli in patients with insomnia. Disengagement difficulties for both diurnal and nocturnal sleep-related stimuli indirectly affected insomnia severity through arousal elicited by these stimuli. It appears important to develop and apply attentional bias modification training therapeutic interventions that can effectively reduce sleep-related arousal and attentional biases.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139678175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of exposure-based treatment for childhood anxiety disorders: An open clinical trial to test its relation with indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning","authors":"Rachel de Jong ,&nbsp;Miriam J.J. Lommen ,&nbsp;Peter J. de Jong ,&nbsp;Wiljo J.P.J. van Hout ,&nbsp;Adina C.E. Duin-van der Marel ,&nbsp;Maaike H. Nauta","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101942","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101942","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>The current study examined how effectiveness of exposure-based CBT was related to indices of emotional processing and inhibitory learning during exposure exercises.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Adolescents with anxiety disorder(s) (N = 72; age 11–19; 85% girls) received a group-based, intensive two-week treatment of which effectiveness was indexed by the SCARED and by ratings of anxiety and approach towards individualized goal situations. To index emotional processing, subjective units of distress (SUDs) were used to indicate both initial and final fear level, and absolute, relative, and total dose of fear reduction. To index inhibitory learning, subjective threat expectancies (STEs) were used to indicate initial and final threat expectancy, and absolute, relative, and total dose of expectancy change.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>From pre-treatment to follow-up, there was a large-sized reduction of anxiety symptoms, small-sized decrease of subjective anxiety and a large-sized increase in subjective approach towards individual treatment goals. Higher fear levels prior to exposure were related to a larger decrease of symptoms. Higher threat expectancies after exposure exercises were independently associated with less decrease of anxiety and increase of approach towards treatment goals. Total dose of experienced fear reduction and total dose of experienced expectancy change were (partly) independently related to more increase in approach towards individualized goal situations.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>As patients also received other treatment elements, the results cannot be interpreted unequivocally.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The pattern of findings seems to indicate that emotional processing (as indexed by fear reduction) and inhibitory learning (as indexed by expectancy change) are both relevant in exposure-based CBT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101942"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000016/pdfft?md5=4964d8cd2c2734fd5d09537949ac23b9&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000016-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139516681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aversive conditioning is impaired in impulsive individuals: A study on learning asymmetries","authors":"Laurens T. Kemp, Tom Smeets, Anita Jansen, Katrijn Houben","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101939","url":null,"abstract":"<h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Appetitive and aversive conditioning are thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of mental disorders including anxiety, mood, eating, and substance use disorders. However, few studies measure the relative strength of appetitive and aversive associations, and their relevance to the risk of mental disorders. This study aims to address this gap.</p><h3>Methods</h3><p>We tested how readily healthy volunteers acquire appetitive vs. aversive associations. 150 participants associated complex 3D objects with either gain or loss and made decisions to gain or avoid losing points. We investigated the relationship of a learning asymmetry with neuroticism, impulsivity, and anhedonia, to test the hypothesis that a stronger learning asymmetry corresponds to more extreme scores on these traits.</p><h3>Results</h3><p>Impulsivity was positively associated with the learning asymmetry (R² = 0.10). This resulted from an inverse relation with the strength of aversive associations, indicating that impulsive individuals are worse at aversive learning. However, appetitive associations did not differ significantly. No correlations with neuroticism or anhedonia were found.</p><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Conditioning studies typically use primary reinforcers and a <em>C</em>S-. Lacking these may make these results less comparable to other studies.</p><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We demonstrate that the learning asymmetry can measure individual differences linked to personality traits, and that impulsivity, normally linked with appetitive learning, also influences aversive learning. These results enable additional studies of learning asymmetry in relation to mental disorders, which could include measurements of mental health symptoms to provide further insight into how appetitive and aversive learning interacts with mental disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139031308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aversive conditioning is impaired in impulsive individuals: A study on learning asymmetries","authors":"Laurens T. Kemp ,&nbsp;Tom Smeets ,&nbsp;Anita Jansen ,&nbsp;Katrijn Houben","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101939","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101939","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Appetitive and aversive conditioning are thought to be involved in the development and maintenance of mental disorders including anxiety, mood, eating, and substance use disorders. However, few studies measure the relative strength of appetitive and aversive associations, and their relevance to the risk of mental disorders. This study aims to address this gap.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We tested how readily healthy volunteers acquire appetitive vs. aversive associations. 150 participants associated complex 3D objects with either gain or loss and made decisions to gain or avoid losing points. We investigated the relationship of a learning asymmetry with neuroticism, impulsivity, and anhedonia, to test the hypothesis that a stronger learning asymmetry corresponds to more extreme scores on these traits.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Impulsivity was positively associated with the learning asymmetry (R² = .10). This resulted from an inverse relation with the strength of aversive associations, indicating that impulsive individuals are worse at aversive learning. However, appetitive associations did not differ significantly. No correlations with neuroticism or anhedonia were found.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Conditioning studies typically use primary reinforcers and a CS-. Lacking these may make these results less comparable to other studies.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>We demonstrate that the learning asymmetry can measure individual differences linked to personality traits, and that impulsivity, normally linked with appetitive learning, also influences aversive learning. These results enable additional studies of learning asymmetry in relation to mental disorders, which could include measurements of mental health symptoms to provide further insight into how appetitive and aversive learning interacts with mental disorders.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101939"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791623001064/pdfft?md5=74a0514f6aa81c645bee640e27417dfa&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791623001064-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139019417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interpretation biases in childhood spider fear: Content-specificity, priming, and avoidance","authors":"Anke M. Klein ,&nbsp;Rianne E. van Niekerk ,&nbsp;Mike Rinck ,&nbsp;Esther Allart ,&nbsp;Eni S. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101941","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101941","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>The relation between fear and interpretation bias has been widely studied in children. However, much less is known about its content-specificity and how interpretation biases predict variance in avoidance. The current study examined different interpretation bias tasks, the role of priming and the ability of the interpretation bias tasks to predict spider fear-related avoidance behaviour.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>169 children with varying levels of spider fear performed a behavioural avoidance task, two versions of the Ambiguous Scenarios Task (AST; with and without priming), and a size and distance estimation task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Both versions of the AST and the size-estimation were significantly related to self-reported spider fear and avoidance. These relations were content-specific: children with higher levels of spider fear had a more negative interpretation bias related to spider-related materials than to other materials, and a more negative bias than children with lower levels of spider fear. Furthermore, self-reported spider fear, the AST with priming, and the size-estimation predicted unique variance in avoidance behaviour.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Children varied in their level of spider fear, but clinical diagnoses of spider phobia were not assessed. The participants of this study were not randomly selected, they were children of parents with panic disorder or social anxiety disorder or no anxiety disorder and could therefore partly be seen as children at risk.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The results support cognitive models of childhood anxiety and indicate that both controlled and automatic processes play an important role in fear-related behaviour.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101941"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139018529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting negative flashforward imagery in speech anxiety with a visuospatial dual-task: Do attenuated flashforwards lead to less anxiety and avoidance?","authors":"Marjolein R. Thunnissen ,&nbsp;Peter J. de Jong ,&nbsp;Marleen M. Rijkeboer ,&nbsp;Marisol J. Voncken ,&nbsp;Ronald M. Rapee ,&nbsp;Maaike H. Nauta","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101940","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101940","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>It has been proposed that negative mental imagery plays an important role in the persistence of social fears. Experiencing vivid and distressing ‘flashforward’ images of a potential social catastrophe appears to be of relevance in speech anxiety. To clarify the role of these images, the current experimental study tested if reducing the vividness and distressing properties of recurring negative flashforward images subsequently reduces anxiety and avoidance tendencies regarding a speech. <em>Methods</em>: Participants were female undergraduates high in speech anxiety (N = 134) who joined our study online. In the experimental condition, we used a visuospatial dual-task to reduce the vividness and distress of flashforward imagery. Primary outcomes were participants' self-reported anxiety and avoidance ratings in anticipation of and during an actual speech. As a secondary outcome, we used observer ratings of participants' anxiety during the speech. <em>Results:</em> Participants reported moderate to high frequency and interference of their vivid and distressing flashforward images in daily life. The dual-task resulted in reductions in image vividness and distress. However, we found no differences between conditions in anxiety and avoidance ratings before and during the speech. <em>Limitations:</em> The imagery manipulation effect was moderate to small. Moreover, we included a subclinical sample. <em>Conclusions:</em> Reducing negative flashforward imagery vividness and distress with a visuospatial dual-task did not directly lead to less anxiety and avoidance tendencies related to a later speech. Thus, findings provided no support for the hypothesis that experiencing highly vivid and distressing flashforward images causally contributes to social fears.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101940"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791623001076/pdfft?md5=2d8b9c138921b1e955bc3f403c07424b&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791623001076-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138992838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The legacy of social anxiety-linked negative expectancy: A pathway from pre-event negative expectancies to post-event negative thinking","authors":"Julian Basanovic ,&nbsp;Lily Kowal ,&nbsp;Sophie Millward ,&nbsp;Colin MacLeod","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Following engagement in a social event people with heightened vulnerability to social anxiety report elevated levels of negative thinking about the event, and this post-event negative thinking is implicated in the maintenance of social anxiety vulnerability. It has also been established that heightened social anxiety vulnerability is associated with disproportionately negative expectations of upcoming social events. However, contribution of social anxiety-linked pre-event negative expectancy to post-event negative thinking has not been directly investigated. The objective of the present study was to test the hypothesis that the relationship between social anxiety vulnerability and post-event negative thinking is mediated by pre-event negative expectancies that drive increased state anxiety at the time of encountering the event.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>One-hundred and ten participants who varied in social anxiety vulnerability completed a simulated job interview. Participants reported negativity of expectancies before the event, state anxiety experienced at the time of encountering the event, and post-event negative thinking across the seven days following the event.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Analyses revealed elevated social anxiety predicted increased negative post-event thinking. The association between social anxiety and post-event negative thinking was fully mediated by a mediation pathway involving pre-event negative expectancies and state anxiety at the time of encountering the interview event.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The study used a laboratory-based social experience, and conclusions could usefully be tested in the context of natural social events.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings suggest that social anxiety-linked variation in pre-event negative expectancy may contribute to post-event negative thinking following a social event via its impact on state anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791623001040/pdfft?md5=30cef25d5a36c3c098eba8ac59e905e8&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791623001040-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effectiveness of a masked counterconditioning approach using continuous flash suppression to alleviate body dissatisfaction in women with high body image concerns","authors":"Irina Masselman ,&nbsp;Klaske A. Glashouwer ,&nbsp;Mark M. Span ,&nbsp;Peter J. de Jong","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Research that used counterconditioning (CC) to reduce women's negative body image has led to mixed results. One explanation could be that the negative responses elicited by own body pictures hinder the effectiveness of CC procedures in adjusting overly negative attitudes towards the own body. In this study we therefore tried to prevent the impact of negative responses by limiting women's perceptual awareness of the own body pictures during the CC procedure.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Women with a negative body image were randomly assigned to an experimental (<em>n</em> = 75) or control (<em>n</em> = 71) condition. In the experimental condition, participants’ masked body pictures were systematically followed by visible social approval cues (i.e., smiling faces), whereas neutral body-unrelated control pictures were followed by a blank screen. In the control condition, both own body and control pictures were followed by a blank screen.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants in the experimental condition did not report a more positive evaluation of the own body (pictures) after CC than participants in the control condition. Also, the strength of automatic affective body evaluations as indexed by a single-target Implicit Association Test did not differ between conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Many participants did not remain fully unaware of their body pictures during conditioning.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The findings provided no support for the idea that CC with masked own body pictures can be used in women with body dissatisfaction to improve their body image.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791623001052/pdfft?md5=67f19f3ae7f4f726b9a47cafb09cf395&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791623001052-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138683590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Psychopathy and gaze cueing","authors":"Carlo Garofalo ,&nbsp;Andrew Jones ,&nbsp;Lieke Nentjes ,&nbsp;Steven M. Gillespie","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101936","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101936","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Psychopathic traits – and especially callous affective features – have been linked to altered processing of others’ emotional expressions, and to reduced attention to the eyes. Despite the importance of gaze cueing (i.e., the tendency to orient attention toward where someone else is looking) for social functioning, few studies have investigated relationships between psychopathic traits and gaze cueing, and whether facial emotional expression influence these relationships, obtaining mixed results. To address this gap, the present study aimed to evaluate associations between psychopathic traits and gaze cueing for emotional and neutral expressions.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>65 non-clinical male participants (<em>M</em>_<em>age</em> = 27.3 years) completed two self-report measures of psychopathy and performed laboratory tasks to assess gaze-cueing for emotional vs. neutral faces and an arrow-cueing task as a comparison.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Linear mixed models showed no significant associations of emotional (versus neutral) expressions, or psychopathy trait dimensions, with either gaze cueing or arrow cueing.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Reliance on a convenience sample of non-clinical men, assessed with self-reports measures of psychopathy, and using static emotional stimuli limit the generalizability of our findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Findings suggest that psychopathic traits are not associated with individual differences in following others’ gaze to direct attention, and that there was no advantage for affective relative to neutral expressions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"83 ","pages":"Article 101936"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791623001039/pdfft?md5=0019035f93fa37ffadc5de11e5341304&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791623001039-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138532621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}