Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Sensitivity and response bias in non-clinical social anxiety to detect changes in facial expressions","authors":"Jing Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiang Chen ,&nbsp;Zhaoxia Wang ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zhao ,&nbsp;Yan Wang ,&nbsp;Zejun Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Previous research has not established a consensus on the ability of higher socially anxious individuals to detect facial expressions. The purpose of this study was to examine this issue using Signal Detection Theory (SDT) as a framework.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with higher levels of social anxiety (HSA) and lower levels of social anxiety (LSA) were instructed to complete a change-detection task. Prototypical (faces with congruent eyes and mouth, i.e., happy eyes and a smiling mouth) and blended (faces with incongruent eyes and mouth, i.e., neutral eyes and a happy mouth) facial expressions were used as stimuli. Participants had to decide whether the facial expression indicated by the cue was \"the same\" or \"different\".</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The results revealed that the HSA group had a higher sensitivity (<em>d’</em>) to detect changes in facial expressions compared to the LSA group. The LSA group had a higher <em>d’</em> to detect prototypical angry expressions than to blended angry expressions. However, this difference was not found in the HSA group. In addition, the HSA group displayed more leniency in judging angry expressions as being the same compared to the LSA group.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The external validity of the study is limited by the sample (low levels of depression, mostly male).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Higher socially anxious individuals are more sensitive in detecting changes and are more lenient in judging changes in angry expressions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102003"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of desired positive affect in depression in daily life","authors":"Sunkyung Yoon,&nbsp;Heejoo Kim,&nbsp;Sooyeon Kim,&nbsp;Yunsu Kim,&nbsp;Eunbi Kang","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101999","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101999","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Emotion goals (desired affect) have been theorized to play an essential role in a person's emotional experiences, guiding emotion regulation processes toward experiencing desired states. Hence, understanding whether and which emotion goals are associated with reduced negative states is crucial for individuals struggling to regulate these states, such as persons with depression. Using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), we examined the relationship between momentary desired positive affect and subsequent depressive affect in daily life, as well as future depressive symptoms, among individuals with depressive disorders.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 50 female participants with depression reported their momentary desire for high arousal positive (HAP), low arousal positive states (LAP), and depressive affect three times a day for seven days. In addition, participants reported depressive symptoms at both baseline and four weeks after.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Momentary desired LAP moderated the relationship between prior and subsequent depressive affect: the more a person wanted to feel LAP at the prior time point, the weaker the relationship between prior and subsequent depressive affect.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The relatively short interval between the EMA and the follow-up measurement of depressive symptoms may have influenced the results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Results elucidated the role of desired affect, particularly desired LAP, in depression in daily life.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101999"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"College students with depression symptom are more sensitive to task difficulty in reinforcement learning","authors":"Yaru Zhang ,&nbsp;Meng Wei ,&nbsp;Rong Huang ,&nbsp;Shiwei Jia ,&nbsp;Li Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Depression is usually characterized by impairments in reward function, and shows altered motivation to reward in reinforcement learning. This study further explored whether task difficulty affects reinforcement learning in college students with and without depression symptom.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>The depression symptom group (20) and the no depression symptom group (26) completed a probabilistic reward learning task with low, medium, and high difficulty levels, in which task the response bias to reward and the discriminability of reward were analyzed. Additionally, electrophysiological responses to reward and loss feedback were recorded and analyzed while they performed a simple gambling task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The depression symptom group showed more response bias to reward than the no depression symptom group when the task was easy and then exhibited more quickly decrease in response bias to reward as task difficulty increased. The no depression symptom group showed a decrease in response bias only in the high-difficulty condition. Further regression analyses showed that, the Feedback-related negativity (FRN) and theta oscillation could predict response bias change in the low-difficulty condition, the FRN and oscillations of theta and delta could predict response bias change in the medium and high-difficulty conditions.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The electrophysiological responses to loss and reward were not recorded in the same task as the reinforcement learning behaviors.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>College students with depression symptom are more sensitive to task difficulty during reinforcement learning. The FRN, and oscillations of theta and delta could predict reward leaning behavior.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101980"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between PTSD and temporal discounting: The role of future thinking","authors":"Mieke Verfaellie ,&nbsp;Virginie Patt ,&nbsp;Ginette Lafleche ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Vasterling","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Despite documented alterations in future thinking in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), our understanding of how individuals with PTSD make future-oriented decisions is limited. We tested the hypothesis that increased discounting in association with PTSD reflects failure to spontaneously envision future rewarding situations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-seven trauma exposed war-zone veterans completed a standard temporal discounting task as well as a temporal discounting task accompanied by episodic future thinking cues.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Severity of PTSD symptoms was associated with preference for sooner, smaller rewards in the standard task. Consistent with our hypothesis, when participants engaged in future thinking, greater PTSD symptom severity was no longer associated with steeper discounting. Moreover, difficulty anticipating future events, as measured contemporaneously in a separate task (Verfaellie et al., 2024), mediated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and degree of discounting in the standard task. Among PTSD symptom clusters, the severity of avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood was related to steeper discounting. Measures of depression and alcohol use were not associated with discounting.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample included mostly male, predominantly White veterans who experienced primarily combat-related trauma.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PTSD-associated alterations in temporal discounting reflect failure to spontaneously imagine future positive events. Two common correlates of PTSD, depression and alcohol use, could not account for the observed associations between PTSD and future-oriented decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of cognitive biases involving selective interrogation of taste-based information in sugar-sweetened beverage consumption","authors":"Laura Dondzilo ,&nbsp;Eva Kemps","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101979","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101979","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) is a global public health issue. Consequently, there is strong interest in advancing understanding of the cognitive mechanisms that underpin excessive SSB consumption. This work proposes that selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics (e.g., flavour), rather than health-based characteristics (e.g., sugar content), of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>To evaluate this novel hypothesis, undergraduate students (<em>n</em> = 210) were recruited to complete self-report measures of SSB consumption, motivation and success in reducing SSB consumption and unhealthy eating more broadly, as well as a novel selective interrogation assessment task. This task provided participants with the opportunity to selectively interrogate taste-based and health-based characteristics of various mystery beverages.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results supported the hypothesis that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics, rather than health-based characteristics, of beverages is associated with greater SSB choice and consumption. Additionally, results revealed that greater selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics was associated with decreased motivation to reduce SSB consumption and decreased motivation and success to reduce unhealthy consumption more broadly.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The current study did not evaluate whether selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages predicted actual SSB consumption.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>These findings provide novel evidence for the potential role of selective interrogation of taste-based characteristics of beverages in SSB choice and consumption. An important implication of these findings is that in order for interventions focusing on front-of-package nutrition labels to be effective in reducing unhealthy consumption, it is necessary that individuals are selectively interrogating this ‘health-based’ information.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101979"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000387/pdfft?md5=8d520c0850d99f453c1043c0908df042&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000387-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141637748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two universal school-based prevention programs for depression and anxiety: 24-Month follow-up of an RCT","authors":"Karlie J. Rice ,&nbsp;Junwen Chen ,&nbsp;Eva Kemps ,&nbsp;Rachel M. Roberts ,&nbsp;Suzanne Edwards ,&nbsp;Kristy Johnstone","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Transdiagnostic approaches have been promoted as a means of maximising preventative effects across multiple problems with depression and anxiety suitable targets as they appear to have highly interconnected systems in pathology development and maintenance. This study investigated long-term effects of two universal school-based programs, Emotion Regulation (ER) and Behavioral Activation (BA), that sought to prevent depression and anxiety by targeting worry (a transdiagnostic feature) to promote resilience.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>This follow-up study captured data from 162 of 316 initial students (aged 8–13; 52.2% female), from six Australian schools. The original study design cluster randomised students by school into BA, ER, or a usual class control. Intervention conditions consisted of 8 × 50-min weekly sessions. This study measured the effects of these interventions after 24 months on resilience, worry, depression, and anxiety. Resilience was also examined as a potential mediator.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>At 24-month follow-up, there was no significant effect of either intervention on depression, anxiety, worry, or resilience levels. Significantly fewer participants in ER and BA met clinical thresholds for separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in the 24-month follow-up compared with baseline. No mediation effects were found.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Although self-report measures are common in universal, school-based research, this represents a study limitation.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Both interventions may provide limited long-term protective effects on SAD and OCD symptoms, which appear to have a shelf-life shorter than 24 months. To maintain program effects, refresher sessions at shorter intervals may be a consideration for future research.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101985"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000442/pdfft?md5=abce8e90c0bf74cd34d339d69c5028b6&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000442-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurophysiological effects of cognitive behavioral therapy in social anxiety: An ERP study using a dot-probe task","authors":"Ting Jiang ,&nbsp;Sutao Song ,&nbsp;Shimeng Zhao ,&nbsp;Xiaodong Tian ,&nbsp;Mingxian Zhang ,&nbsp;Jing Feng ,&nbsp;Ruiyang Ge","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101988","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101988","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Social anxious individuals show attention bias towards emotional stimuli, this phenomenon is considered to be an important cause of anxiety generation and maintenance. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is a standard psychotherapy for social anxiety disorder. CBT decreases attention biases by correcting the maladaptive beliefs of socially anxious individuals, but it is not clear whether CBT alters neurophysiological features of socially anxious individuals at early automatic and/or late cognitive strategy stage of attentional processing.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>To address this knowledge gap, we collected pre-treatment event-related potential data of 22 socially anxious individuals while they performed a dot-probe task. These participants then received eight weeks of CBT, and post-treatment ERP data were collected after completion of CBT treatment. We also included 29 healthy controls and compared them with individuals with social anxiety to determine the neural mechanisms underlying the effectiveness of CBT.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Participants’ social anxiety level was significantly alleviated with CBT. ERP results revealed that (1) compared to pre-treatment phase, P1 amplitudes induced by probes significantly decreased at post-treatment phase, whereas P3 amplitudes increased at post-treatment phase; the P1 amplitudes induced by probes following happy-neutral face pairs in socially anxious individuals after treatment was significantly different with that in healthy controls; (2) amplitude of components elicited by face pairs did not change significantly between pre-treatment and post-treatment phases; (3) changes of Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale were positively correlated with changes of P1 amplitude, and negatively correlated with changes of N1 amplitude.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Our sample was university students and lacked randomization, which limits the generalizability of the results.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The present results demonstrated that CBT may adjust cognitive strategies in the later stage of attentional processing, indicating by changed ERPs appeared in probe-presenting stage for social anxiety.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101988"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141978498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Convergence of real-time and retrospective assessments: A systematic investigation of naturally occurring and experimentally induced intrusions","authors":"Jacqueline Peters,&nbsp;Inga Marie Freund,&nbsp;Merel Kindt,&nbsp;Renée M. Visser ,&nbsp;Arnold A.P. van Emmerik","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101981","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101981","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Ecological momentary assessment is a popular method for monitoring symptoms in real-time. Especially for fleeting experiences, such as intrusions, real-time assessments may be more accurate than retrospective estimates. However, there are concerns regarding reactivity effects associated with real-time assessments and, conversely, the reliance on bias-prone retrospective assessments in clinical science and practice. In this study we used a between-groups design to examine whether real-time intrusion assessments influence retrospective reports (aim 1). Then, we investigated whether real-time and retrospective assessments systematically differed within individuals (aim 2).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Over two weeks, 150 non-clinical individuals provided weekly retrospective intrusion assessments, while the majority (n = 102) additionally reported their intrusions in real-time, via smartphones. We examined both naturally occurring intrusions, which individuals experience in their everyday lives, and intrusions related to a standardized stressor (i.e., Trier Social Stress Test), taking place halfway.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Using Bayesian statistics, we found that assessing intrusions in real-time did not convincingly affect retrospective reports, and there was no strong evidence that real-time and retrospective intrusion assessments differed. However, the evidence of absence was inconclusive for some measures. Real-time and retrospectively reported intrusion frequencies and distress were strongly associated with one another.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Future research is advised to replicate these findings with larger samples, for other types of stressors, in clinical populations, and over extended assessment periods.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The general agreement between real-time and retrospective assessments of intrusions is encouraging, tentatively suggesting that researchers and clinicians can flexibly select the assessment method that best suits their objectives.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101981"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000405/pdfft?md5=dbc2ff87e1e21cf4c746b1ab533ce1c0&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000405-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141690806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploration of stress reactivity and fear conditioning on intrusive memory frequency in a conditioned-intrusion paradigm","authors":"Gia Nhi Lam ,&nbsp;Jack Cooper ,&nbsp;Ottmar V. Lipp ,&nbsp;Leah M. Mayo ,&nbsp;Luke Ney","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>The conditioned-intrusion paradigm was designed to provide insight into the relationship between fear conditioning and intrusive memory formation, which is relevant to understanding posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and treatment. However, boundary conditions of this new paradigm have not been explored and it is currently not known whether findings from this work are valid in a clinical context.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>In the current study, we explored the relationship between stress reactivity to trauma film clips, usual exposure to violent media, renewal of fear conditioning using skin conductance as well as subjective ratings, and the effect of shock versus film clip during conditioning on the frequency of intrusive memories. An adapted fear conditioning paradigm using trauma clips as unconditional stimuli was used, and participants subsequently reported intrusive memories of the trauma clips.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Skin conductance responses to conditioned stimuli paired with shocks and film clips were significantly higher than conditioned stimuli paired with film clips alone. Subjective stress reactivity, previous exposure to violent media, and film valence rating were associated with the frequency of intrusive memories. No aspects of fear conditioning were associated with intrusive memories, and factor analysis suggested the fear conditioning and stress related to film clip viewing were mostly separate constructs. Similarly, content and triggers of intrusive memories were usually film-clip related rather than conditional stimulus related.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>We did not observe strong conditioning effects of the unconditional stimuli to conditional stimuli, which were shapes rather than high frequency stimuli such as faces.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings provide potential boundary conditions for this paradigm and suggest multiple ways in which the validity of the paradigm can be tested in the future.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000430/pdfft?md5=8371df37403d3be9ea9061d7e00787a5&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000430-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141907987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Those who (enjoy to) hurt: The influence of dark personality traits on animal- and human directed sadistic pleasure","authors":"Jill Lobbestael ,&nbsp;Franziska Wolf ,&nbsp;Mario Gollwitzer ,&nbsp;Roy F. Baumeister","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Sadistic pleasure – gratuitous enjoyment from inflicting pain on others – has devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The current knowledge on non-sexual, everyday sadism – a trait that resides within the general population – is scarce. The present study therefore focussed on personality correlates of sadistic pleasure. It investigated the relationship between the Dark Triad traits, and both dispositional and state-level sadistic pleasure.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>N</em> = 120 participants filled out questionnaires to assess their level of Dark Triad traits, psychopathy subfactors, and dispositional sadism. Then, participants engaged in an animal-directed task in which they were led to believe that they were killing bugs; and in a human-directed task where they could ostensibly noise blasts another participant. The two behavioral tasks were administered within-subjects, in randomized order. Sadistic pleasure was captured by increases in reported pleasure from pre-to post-task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All Dark Triad traits related to increased dispositional sadism, with psychopathy showing the strongest link. The coldheartedness psychopathy subscale showed a unique combination with both self-reported sadism and increased pleasure following bug grinding.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Predominantly female and student sample, limiting generalizability of findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Out of all Dark Triad components, psychopathy showed the strongest link with gaining pleasure from hurting others. The results underscore the differential predictive value of psychopathy’s subcomponents for sadistic pleasure. Coldheartedness can be considered especially disturbing because of its unique relationship to deriving joy from irreversible harm-infliction (i.e. killing bugs). Our findings further establish psychopathy – and especially its coldheartedness component – as the most adverse Dark Triad trait.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000223/pdfft?md5=890b18eb8a702610c2b01b5c203623fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}