Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Effects of exposure to plus-size fashion models on weight-related attitudes in bulimia nervosa: Findings from an exploratory study","authors":"Eva Naumann,&nbsp;Jennifer Svaldi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101976","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and Objectives</h3><p>Eating disorders are often linked to the internalization of the thin-ideal and weight stigma. The present exploratory study investigates the effects of plus-sized fashion media on weight-related attitudes in bulimia nervosa (BN).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Women with BN (<em>n</em>=27) and without an eating disorder (<em>n</em>=28) were exposed to 17 pictures of plus-size fashion models. Participants rated the attractiveness of the models. Before and after the exposure task, participants completed questionnaires on their attitudes towards people with higher weight as well as thin-ideal media.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The BN group rated the bodies of the plus-size fashion models as less attractive than controls, whereas no group differences were found in attractiveness ratings for the models' faces or full images. In both groups, negative attitudes about people with higher weight significantly decreased after viewing plus-size model pictures. Attitudes toward thin-ideal media remained unchanged, with scores higher for BN than controls.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This exploratory study has several limitations, such as the lack of a control condition, small sample size, and reliance on only self-report data.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These exploratory results imply that the positive effects of plus-sized model images on reducing negative assumptions about people with high weight may not be limited to healthy individuals but also seem to extend to women with BN. Further controlled studies with larger samples and long-term assessments are needed to confirm these findings.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101976"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000351/pdfft?md5=5b44e5fbd3f410f143e1bce7d71fed50&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000351-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141487371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations between PTSD and temporal discounting: The role of future thinking","authors":"Mieke Verfaellie ,&nbsp;Virginie Patt ,&nbsp;Ginette Lafleche ,&nbsp;Jennifer J. Vasterling","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Despite documented alterations in future thinking in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), our understanding of how individuals with PTSD make future-oriented decisions is limited. We tested the hypothesis that increased discounting in association with PTSD reflects failure to spontaneously envision future rewarding situations.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Thirty-seven trauma exposed war-zone veterans completed a standard temporal discounting task as well as a temporal discounting task accompanied by episodic future thinking cues.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Severity of PTSD symptoms was associated with preference for sooner, smaller rewards in the standard task. Consistent with our hypothesis, when participants engaged in future thinking, greater PTSD symptom severity was no longer associated with steeper discounting. Moreover, difficulty anticipating future events, as measured contemporaneously in a separate task (Verfaellie et al., 2024), mediated the relationship between PTSD symptom severity and degree of discounting in the standard task. Among PTSD symptom clusters, the severity of avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood was related to steeper discounting. Measures of depression and alcohol use were not associated with discounting.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample included mostly male, predominantly White veterans who experienced primarily combat-related trauma.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>PTSD-associated alterations in temporal discounting reflect failure to spontaneously imagine future positive events. Two common correlates of PTSD, depression and alcohol use, could not account for the observed associations between PTSD and future-oriented decisions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of sleep, cortisol reactivity, and risk/reward-based decision-making on suicide","authors":"Keyne C. Law Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Katherine L. O'Connell M.S. ,&nbsp;Samantha V. Jacobson M.S. ,&nbsp;Margaret M. Baer M.A. ,&nbsp;Phillip M. Baker Ph.D. ,&nbsp;Matthew T. Tull Ph.D.","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101975","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Poor sleep quality is a known contributor to suicidal thoughts and behaviors. This study examines whether sleep quality modulates the effect of an individual's stress response and risk/reward-based decision making on suicide risk.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants were 160 adults at a residential substance use treatment facility with lifetime exposure to trauma who completed a clinician-administered measure of suicide risk, the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and a self-report measure of sleep. Cortisol reactivity (i.e., changes in cortisol before and after a personalized trauma script) was used to measure stress response. We used quantile regression to examine the effects of sleep, cortisol, and risk/reward decision-making on suicide risk.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found poor sleep quality to be increasingly salient in individuals at greater risk for suicide than those at lower risk for suicide. Furthermore, individuals with moderate to moderate-high levels of suicide risk seem to have greater cortisol reactivity. In the low-moderate quantile, we found suicide risk to be associated with both high stress reactivity and low-risk, high-reward decision-making, as well as low stress reactivity and high-risk/low-reward decision-making.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>These findings should be interpreted considering several methodological constraints, such as the use of a pre-determined sample and instruments not tailored for our hypotheses, the MINI ‘Suicide’ Module's limited differentiation between suicidal ideation and behavior, and variably timed cortisol sampling.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Despite these limitations, the findings from this study support the use of evidence-based interventions focused on improving sleep quality and managing emotional reactivity to decrease suicide risk.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101975"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141314395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with depression","authors":"Simin Barzigar,&nbsp;Rezvan Homaei","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Depression exerts significant negative impacts across various life domains, including social interactions, occupational functioning, and economic well-being. These effects permeate both personal and interpersonal spheres. However, it seems that character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness play a critical role in promoting mental well-being. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of positivity training on character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in depressed women.</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>Purposive sampling was employed to select 50 participants with depression based on the cut-off point (a score of 20 or greater) in Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI-II). They were then randomly assigned to a control group (n = 25) and an experimental group (n = 25). This quasi-experimental research adopted a pretest-posttest control group design. The experimental group received eight weekly 90-min sessions of positivity training. The control group participants did not receive any specific intervention related to depression management. The character strength scale, time perspective scale, self-awareness scale, and BDI-II were used to collect data. Data analysis methods included descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (ANCOVA). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The study included a sample of 50 women diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). The participants' mean age was 38.03 years (SD = 7.96). Positivity training enhanced character strengths in women with depression. Moreover, the positivity intervention affected the time perspective factors of those women. It reduced “past negative” and “present fatalistic” and increased “past positive,” “present hedonistic,” and “future.” Finally, positivity training significantly increased self-awareness in women with depression (p &lt; 0.01).</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The sample size was relatively small, which limits the statistical inferences.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>In conclusion, this study provides promising initial evidence for the potential of positivity training as an intervention to improve character strengths, time perspective, and self-awareness in women with MDD. Further research is warranted to confirm and expand upon these findings, ultimately informing the development of more comprehensive treatment approaches for depression.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141090918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Self-control problems in Intermittent Explosive Disorder: Presentation of an explanatory approach","authors":"Hassan Soleimani Rad,&nbsp;Abbas Abolghasemi,&nbsp;Iraj Shakerinia,&nbsp;Seyed Valiollah Mousavi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101973","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101973","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) is an impulsive aggression disorder with self-control problems. However, the mechanisms underpinning the self-control problems in IED have not been clearly investigated. Therefore, this study examined the nature of self-control problems and their types, including cognitive inhibition, behavioral inhibition, and emotional interference in IED.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Participants included three groups: IED (n = 54), psychiatric control (n = 59), and healthy control (n = 62). They were first screened with SCL-90-R, and then they were clinically interviewed. They all did computerized neurocognitive tasks, including Color-Word Stroop Task, Emotional Stroop Task, Go-NoGo Task, and Stop-Signal Task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>MANOVA analyses showed that the IED group had poorer performance in cognitive inhibition, response inhibition, and increased emotional interference than the two psychiatric and healthy control groups. They performed much worse than the other two groups, particularly in action cancellation (Stop-Signal Task), and showed increasingly emotional interference.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The brain reaction of individuals while doing the tasks was not examined, and some variables were not measured. Also, it is unclear how the emotional eruption interferes with cognitive content and behavioral inhibition.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>These findings indicate that self-control problems in IED can be due to deficient cognitive, emotional, and behavioral inhibitions, each appearing sequentially during a step-by-step process and facilitating the onset of IED signs and symptoms. Such a distinguished understanding of the role of neurocognitive mechanisms can lead to the development of accurate explanatory approaches and increase the effectiveness of treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101973"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141078133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Those who (enjoy to) hurt: The influence of dark personality traits on animal- and human directed sadistic pleasure","authors":"Jill Lobbestael ,&nbsp;Franziska Wolf ,&nbsp;Mario Gollwitzer ,&nbsp;Roy F. Baumeister","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101963","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Sadistic pleasure – gratuitous enjoyment from inflicting pain on others – has devastating interpersonal and societal consequences. The current knowledge on non-sexual, everyday sadism – a trait that resides within the general population – is scarce. The present study therefore focussed on personality correlates of sadistic pleasure. It investigated the relationship between the Dark Triad traits, and both dispositional and state-level sadistic pleasure.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p><em>N</em> = 120 participants filled out questionnaires to assess their level of Dark Triad traits, psychopathy subfactors, and dispositional sadism. Then, participants engaged in an animal-directed task in which they were led to believe that they were killing bugs; and in a human-directed task where they could ostensibly noise blasts another participant. The two behavioral tasks were administered within-subjects, in randomized order. Sadistic pleasure was captured by increases in reported pleasure from pre-to post-task.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>All Dark Triad traits related to increased dispositional sadism, with psychopathy showing the strongest link. The coldheartedness psychopathy subscale showed a unique combination with both self-reported sadism and increased pleasure following bug grinding.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Predominantly female and student sample, limiting generalizability of findings.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Out of all Dark Triad components, psychopathy showed the strongest link with gaining pleasure from hurting others. The results underscore the differential predictive value of psychopathy’s subcomponents for sadistic pleasure. Coldheartedness can be considered especially disturbing because of its unique relationship to deriving joy from irreversible harm-infliction (i.e. killing bugs). Our findings further establish psychopathy – and especially its coldheartedness component – as the most adverse Dark Triad trait.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 101963"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000223/pdfft?md5=890b18eb8a702610c2b01b5c203623fe&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000223-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140914359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is repeated mistake-making an effective treatment strategy for perfectionism? Findings from a randomized controlled trial","authors":"Sarah A. Clark,&nbsp;Tapan A. Patel,&nbsp;Jesse R. Cougle","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101964","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Perfectionism has been linked to self-criticism, procrastination, and psychological disorders. In a previous study, an exposure-based treatment for perfectionism (ETP), which included exposures targeted at concern over mistakes, showed positive outcomes when compared to waitlist. The aim of this study was to further investigate ETP by comparing it to a stress-management condition and assessing durability of treatment effects by conducting a one-month follow-up assessment.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Eighty-five individuals with elevated perfectionism were randomly assigned to receive ETP (<em>n</em> = 43) or a stress management treatment (<em>n</em> = 42). ETP involved repeatedly practicing mistake-making by completing computerized tasks engineered to cause individuals to make mistakes. The stress management condition included listening to videos and answering questions about healthy habits, such as diet, exercise, and sleep, as well as viewing calming videos. Participants completed eight treatment sessions as well as baseline, post-test, and one month follow-up self-report questionnaires.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Contrary to predictions, compared to ETP, stress management led to significantly lower overall perfectionism, depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety at post and significantly lower depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety at follow-up. Further, individuals who completed ETP did not habituate to the exposure tasks, but distress increased from the first to the last treatment session.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>The duration of treatment was relatively brief.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study highlights the importance of using active psychological control conditions in treatment outcome studies and the need to test various components of treatments for perfectionism to observe what may be effective or even potentially iatrogenic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101964"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140825756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Interpretation biases in childhood spider fear: Content-specificity, priming, and avoidance” [Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry 83 (2024 June), 101941]","authors":"Anke M. Klein ,&nbsp;Rianne E. van Niekerk ,&nbsp;Mike Rinck ,&nbsp;Esther Allart ,&nbsp;Eni S. Becker","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101962","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000211/pdfft?md5=591b5630e2ba55b07ffafe53efc3b1ed&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000211-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140338992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An imagery rescripting based intervention in children and adolescents who endured a negative life event: A pilot study, satisfaction and feasibility survey","authors":"Ellin Simon ,&nbsp;Jurian Beeftink ,&nbsp;Babelle van ’t Hullenaar ,&nbsp;Susan van Hooren","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101957","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101957","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>ImRs, a technique targeting distressing mental images, has shown promise in adult psychiatric treatment. Initial research indicates positive outcomes in children, with potential for reducing mental health care burden. This pilot study examined the use of Imagery Rescripting (ImRs) as an intervention for children who have experienced negative life events. We aimed to assess short-term emotional changes, participant satisfaction, and the feasibility of a larger-scale ImRs intervention for children.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We employed a pre-posttest within-group design, and included 35 children (ages 5–18) who experienced negative life events, as well as 12 coaches. ImRs targeted distressing images related to negative events. Measurement tools included Visual Analogue Scales for distress and emotions, along with satisfaction surveys for both children and coaches. The feasibility of a larger-scale study was also explored through a coach questionnaire.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We found significant short-term improvements for all emotional states, with large effects for anxiety, sadness, and happiness, and a moderate effect for anger. Children reported fair levels of satisfaction with the intervention's acceptability and complexity. Coaches expressed high levels of satisfaction with the intervention as a whole and with its characteristics. Coaches were also strongly motivation for future, more in-depth research. An important limitation of this pilot study was the lack of a control group. In light of the promising results, more extensive studies with diagnostic information, multiple measures, and follow-up assessments are warranted.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Altogether, imagery rescripting based interventions seem a promising venue for children who experienced negative events.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101957"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000168/pdfft?md5=ad0fa81e4ad3f91d5672a9d1d087174b&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000168-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140277226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Externally orienting cues improve cognitive control in OCD","authors":"Lora Bednarek ,&nbsp;Stephanie Glover ,&nbsp;Xiao Ma ,&nbsp;Christopher Pittenger ,&nbsp;Helen Pushkarskaya","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>An executive overload model of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) posits that broad difficulties with executive functioning in OCD result from an overload on the executive system by obsessive thoughts. It implies that, if individuals with OCD “snap out” of their obsessive thoughts, their performance on neurocognitive tasks will improve.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We test this prediction using the revised Attention Network Test, ANT-R, and distinct subsamples of data from unmedicated OCD and healthy controls (HC). ANT-R includes Simon and Flanker tasks; in both, incongruent trials take longer to resolve (‘conflict costs’). On some trials, a warning cue helps participants to respond faster (‘alerting benefits’). In OCD (N = 34) and HC (N = 46), matched on age, IQ, and sex, we tested (1) the effect of OCD on alerting benefits, and (2) the effect of OCD on warning cue related reductions in conflict costs. In a distinct subsample of OCD (N = 32) and HC (N = 51), we assessed whether alerting benefits and cue-related reductions in conflict costs are associated differently with different OCD symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>A warning cue can help individuals with OCD more than HC to improve performance on Simon and Flanker tasks. This effect is positively associated with severity of contamination symptoms.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>This study did not directly assess how distracted participants are by obsessive thoughts. It relied on the ANT-R subtraction measures. Symptom severity was assessed using self-report measures.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Difficulties in resolving conflict during decision-making in OCD can be modulated by a warning cue presented immediately before an attentional task.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"84 ","pages":"Article 101959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2024-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140182238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}