Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Special Issue Registered Report: Intentional suppression as a method to boost fear extinction","authors":"C.W.E.M. Quaedflieg ,&nbsp;S.M. Ashton ,&nbsp;T. Beckers ,&nbsp;I. Timmers","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2025.102018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Fear is a universal experience and fuels our response to cope with threat. Persistent fear, after the threat is no longer present, is a central symptom seen in a number of clinical conditions. Exposure therapy, the most common treatment to target fear, aims to reduce fear responses through repeated, controlled exposures to feared situations in the absence of the negative consequence, thus promoting extinction. However, this treatment is by no means effective for all people. This may be due to impaired extinction and the underlying mechanism of inhibitory retrieval. Intentional memory suppression has been shown to be a promising strategy to enhance this underlying inhibitory mechanism. We employed a newly developed paradigm combining aspects of the Think/No-Think procedure with fear extinction. Sixty-eight healthy participants learned 36 strong naturalistic reminder objects for aversive scenes. After learning, half of the objects were paired with an aversive scream (unconditioned stimulus/US). During the extinction phase, while viewing the objects, participants were instructed to repeatedly retrieve (Think instruction) or suppress (No-Think instruction) the corresponding scenes, or passively view the objects (View instruction). We hypothesised that intentional suppression would boost fear extinction, as shown by a reduced US expectancy to threat-conditioned objects that had been subject to memory suppression during extinction training compared to threat-conditioned objects that were passively viewed. Both intentional memory suppression and passive viewing reduced negative valence for upsetting scenes over time. Contrary to our hypothesis, the results indicated that intentional suppression (No-Think instruction) was not more effective in reducing US expectancy and fear than standard extinction (View instruction). Future research should address the limitation of self-reports by using physiological measures and examine whether intentional suppression may impact fear recovery and generalization following a longer extinction delay. The current findings show that, although intentional suppression can support inhibition of memories and reduce their valence, it may not be as effective as standard extinction methods in diminishing fear responses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"87 ","pages":"Article 102018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143350579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of feedback in attention training on Attention Bias to Threat in individuals with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo","authors":"Kyunghwa Kim,&nbsp;Jang-Han Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101997","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101997","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>This study was conducted to identify the characteristics of attentional bias of individuals with Sluggish Cognitive Tempo (SCT) and how Attention Bias to Threat (ABT) changes when feedback was provided in attention training.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>First, a dot probe task was conducted to confirm the ABT of the SCT feedback group (N = 27) and SCT no feedback group (N = 25), and healthy control group (N = 30) before intervention. Thereafter, a VR-based attention training was conducted three times with feedback or no feedback. Finally, a dot probe task was executed again.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The SCT groups showed a higher ABT than the healthy control group. A result of the attention training, the reaction time of disengage was significantly reduced when provided feedback. In addition, it was confirmed that the ABT of the SCT group that received feedback, was significantly reduced.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>First, the only stimulus used to examine the ABT was the angry face, and the reaction time to other threatening facial expressions was not confirmed. Second, attention training was conducted three times, but further studies are needed on the effect of the duration of training on the magnitude of effect.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>This study identified ABT associated with internalizing symptoms of SCT and suggests that attention training with immediate and continuous feedback is needed to reduce ABT.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101997"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142238384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fighting OCD together: An experimental study of the effectiveness and acceptability of seeking and receiving emotional support for OCD","authors":"Chiara Causier ,&nbsp;Paul Salkovskis","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101987","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101987","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Excessive reassurance-seeking in OCD has been linked to the maintenance of OCD, functioning as a type of checking ritual. Current treatments recommend the imposition of the extinction of seeking and providing reassurance; however, this is not well tolerated. Although it has been suggested that the provision of support may provide a more helpful alternative, there is no empirical evidence for this. In the present study, 36 participants with OCD engaged with two personalised semi-idiographic scenarios in which they imagined seeking and receiving reassurance and seeking and receiving emotional support in counterbalanced order. The primary outcome measure was anticipated urge to seek reassurance, which was found to significantly decrease in the imagined support condition relative to the imagined reassurance condition regardless of order of presentation. Emotional support was perceived as significantly more acceptable when compared to imagining reassurance in terms of higher ratings of perceived helpfulness in managing emotions, feelings of calmness and closeness, and the sense that they were fighting OCD together. These findings provide preliminary evidence for the value of encouraging the seeking and giving of emotional support as an alternative to reassurance. Implications for clinical work and further research are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101987"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000466/pdfft?md5=26db366420d9b66343583b8544943764&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000466-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ecological momentary assessment models trajectories of expectancy following exposure: A proof-of-concept pilot study","authors":"Olivia M. Losiewicz,&nbsp;Anastasia L. McGlade,&nbsp;Michael Treanor,&nbsp;Michelle G. Craske","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102000","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>The Inhibitory Retrieval Approach to exposure therapy for fears and anxiety emphasizes prediction error as one of several strategies for improving outcomes. Prediction error depends on disconfirmation of expectancies for the feared outcome, and thus exposure strategies that derive from inhibitory retrieval approaches emphasize expectancy violation during exposure. However, research studies examining expectancy violation in exposure therapy have treated expectancy as a stable characteristic, assuming that expectancy following an exposure exercise remains constant over time. This brief report outlines two different uses of a methodology for using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to assess between-session expectancy following exposure during treatment for anxiety, and reports on pilot trial results.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Adults with social anxiety disorder (<em>N</em> = 12) and spider phobia (<em>N</em> = 31) taking part in larger trials investigating exposure therapy completed EMA questionnaires assessing expectancy for their feared outcome for 2–4 days following each of two exposure sessions.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Expectancy ratings decreased from pre-to post-exposure and remained stable for 2–4 days following exposure.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This pilot study used a very limited sample size and should be replicated in a larger sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Expectancy for feared outcome may be assessed using EMA following exposure sessions. Pilot results suggest that expectancy decreases immediately following exposures and remains stable afterwards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102000"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Predictors of polyregulation and its effectiveness following exposure to One's most personally distressing intrusive thought","authors":"Katharine E. Daniel ,&nbsp;Sabine Wilhelm ,&nbsp;Ryan J. Jacoby","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Using multiple emotion regulation strategies in response to a single stressor—known as polyregulation—is an understudied but common event. The role of polyregulation in psychological disorders characterized by repetitive negative thinking (RNT) is unexplored, despite well-documented difficulties in emotion regulation and strong urges to avoid and escape one's intrusive thoughts in RNT.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants (<em>N</em> = 60) either had clinical levels of RNT (<em>n</em> = 15 with worries, <em>n</em> = 14 with ruminations, <em>n</em> = 16 with obsessions) or non-clinical levels of RNT (<em>n</em> = 15) and were exposed to their most personally distressing intrusive thought during an in-lab task. Proportional odds logistic regressions were used to test if RNT group and situation-level factors predicted greater polyregulation following the thought exposure. Multilevel regressions were used to test the short-term effectiveness of polyregulation on subjective distress and psychophysiological responding (heart rate, skin conductance).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Ninety percent of participants reported using two or more strategies following intrusive thought exposure. Extent of polyregulation was not significantly predicted by RNT group, most situation-level factors, or short-term regulatory effectiveness. Endorsing a greater need to control one's intrusive thought did, however, predict use of more strategies.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>This is a secondary analysis in a small sample.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Given treatments for psychological disorders characterized by RNT attempt to disrupt the connection between a person's urge to control their distressing thoughts and efforts to escape or avoid those thoughts, continued investigation into the role of polyregulation in intrusive thinking may guide clinical intervention.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102001"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Examining the causal effects of social exclusion on shame and dissociative detachment","authors":"Ashley K.H. Catton,&nbsp;Kumar Yogeeswaran,&nbsp;Martin J. Dorahy","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101996","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101996","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>Dissociative detachment experiences (e.g., derealization, absorption) underpin much psychopathology and are often researched in relation to co-occurring affective states such as shame, the latter being known to occur in situations involving actual or perceived negative social evaluation. The association between shame and dissociative detachment may also be moderated by individual differences in people's need to belong. The goal of the present study was to experimentally investigate the effects of social exclusion on shame and dissociative detachment depending on perceivers' need to belong.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>After measuring individual differences in need to belong and shame proneness, the Cyberball paradigm was utilized to communicate either social inclusion or exclusion. Following Cyberball, a sample of 281 participants completed measures of state shame and state dissociation.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Social exclusion increased dissociative detachment, and these effects were mediated by increases in state shame. These effects were particularly evident among people with a high need to belong.</p></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><p>Other individual differences such as rejection sensitivity may also moderate the relationship between exclusion and shame. While Cyberball can be used to investigate shame, it can only induce shame via social exclusion, whereas shame can also be elicited in other ways such as performance failure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Social exclusion can elicit shame, which is most acutely felt by those with a strong need to belong, and this aversive experience appears to be managed by dissociative detachment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101996"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0005791624000557/pdfft?md5=681de8a0e3c3c163e2288c5acf1604c6&pid=1-s2.0-S0005791624000557-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142272748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Joint attention effect on irrelevant stimuli resistance in high functional autism and neurotypical adults","authors":"Brunetti Marcella ,&nbsp;Alessandrelli Riccardo ,&nbsp;Ceci Franca ,&nbsp;D.'Andrea Antea ,&nbsp;Pettorruso Mauro ,&nbsp;Martinotti Giovanni ,&nbsp;Di Matteo Rosalia","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Clinical practice reveals that individuals with autism characterized by the absence of cognitive impairment (High Functioning Autism-HFA) show difficulty in sharing attention with unfamiliar people. We hypothesized that this difficulty could affect cognitive control by selectively impairing stimulus-encoding or response-selection.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-one HFA and 23 neurotypical adults were involved in a two-phase study. The first phase was performed at home, through an online link; the second one was held four months later in our laboratory in the presence of two experimenters. A letter-flanker task was administered in both phases. In the Stimulus-Response (SR) conflict condition, the target and flankers were assigned to the same/different response keys. In the Stimulus-Stimulus (SS) conflict condition, the target and flankers were perceptually similar/dissimilar. Two mixed-ANOVAs were conducted on response times and accuracy with Phases (Home vs Lab), Groups (HFA, Neurotypical), SR conditions (congruent, incongruent, neutral) and SS conditions (congruent, incongruent) as factors.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Results show that only HFAs' inhibition ability was negatively affected by the experimenters’ presence compared to when they were alone, by reducing accuracy when dealing with an SS conflict.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>The differences between the home-phase and lab-phase sessions require further elaboration to understanding the nature of social interaction during the lab session.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These results suggest that, for HFA, the “at home” context, free from social and emotional pressure, allowed them to emphasize their detail-focused cognitive style.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102005"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"To be aware or not aware: Do intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ?","authors":"Catherine A. Keeping,&nbsp;Reginald D.V. Nixon,&nbsp;Victoria M.E. Bridgland,&nbsp;Melanie K.T. Takarangi","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.102002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People sometimes re-experience traumatic events via intrusive memories that spontaneously and unintentionally intrude into consciousness (i.e., intrusions). Such intrusions can be experienced without explicit awareness (i.e., <em>meta-awareness</em>). However, we do not know whether intrusions with and without meta-awareness differ in how people experience them (i.e., characteristics) or react to them via maladaptive responses (i.e., suppression, negative interpretations), and therefore whether they are important to differentiate. To investigate this issue, we asked participants to watch a trauma analogue film and—during a subsequent unrelated reading task—intermittently probed them to capture and assess <em>one</em> film-related intrusion. Intrusion meta-awareness positively correlated with intrusion negativity, re-experiencing, and suppression, but not with how people interpreted the meaning of their intrusion. Our findings suggest intrusions with and without meta-awareness can differ in how they are experienced and associated with thought suppression—highlighting the importance of considering both types of intrusions in theory and practice.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 102002"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142757508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Further analyses of appraisals of losing control and other OCD-related cognitions: A quasi-experimental investigation","authors":"Andrea Sandstrom,&nbsp;Adam S. Radomsky","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101998","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101998","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><div>Cognitive models of OCD posit that dysfunctional beliefs contribute to the maintenance of symptoms. In addition to well-established belief domains, beliefs about losing control has been identified as a novel cognitive domain which may influence OCD phenomena, including other dysfunctional beliefs. However, the exact nature of these relationships and whether such relationships are influenced by OCD symptoms is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the relationships between appraisals of losing control and other OCD-relevant appraisals in individuals scoring high and low on OCD symptoms.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>137 participants completed a vignette task describing hypothetical scenarios relevant to OCD (doubting and aggressive thoughts) which varied in the level of losing control (high vs. low) and answered questions to assess other OCD-relevant appraisals.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There was a significant main effect of losing control appraisals on other OCD-relevant appraisals in the aggressive thought vignettes but not in the doubting vignettes. OCD symptoms had a significant effect on OCD-relevant appraisals in both the aggressive thought and doubting vignettes. There were no significant interactions.</div></div><div><h3>Limitations</h3><div>Appraisals of losing control did not significantly differ in the doubting vignettes suggesting the impact of the manipulation may have been limited.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Findings suggest that both appraisals of losing control and level of OCD symptoms may be associated with other OCD-relevant appraisals, however these effects may be independent of one another.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101998"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142756795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A multilevel examination of an inhibitory retrieval approach to exposure: Differentiating the unique and combined effects of multiple-context and multiple-stimulus cues","authors":"Sarah C. Jessup ,&nbsp;Thomas Armstrong ,&nbsp;Chloe M. Hord ,&nbsp;Edwin S. Dalmaijer ,&nbsp;Bunmi O. Olatunji","doi":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jbtep.2024.101986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and objectives</h3><p>A proposed strategy for attenuating the return of fear is conducting exposure therapy in multiple contexts (e.g., different locations), which is believed to enhance the generalizability of safety learning. Although conducting exposure in multiple contexts can be differentiated from conducting exposure with multiple <em>stimuli</em>, the two strategies are often conflated. Furthermore, researchers have not yet determined whether one of these strategies, or a combination thereof, is most effective in attenuating fear renewal.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Accordingly, the present treatment-analogue study examined the unique and combined effects of multiple-context and multiple-stimulus imagery-based exposure manipulations on threat expectancy, behavioral approach/anxiety, and attentional bias for threat over Zoom. Community adults (<em>N</em> = 134) who met diagnostic criteria for snake phobia were randomized to exposure to a single snake in multiple environmental contexts (MC), exposure to multiple snakes in a single environmental context (MS), or exposure to multiple snakes in multiple environmental contexts (MS/MC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Results revealed significant reductions in threat expectancy and behavioral anxiety, but not attentional bias for threat in all three groups. However, behavioral approach declined over the course of exposure in the MS/MC condition but remained stable in the MC and MS conditions. There were no significant group differences in behavioral approach/anxiety or attentional bias at a one-week follow-up. However, participants in the MC condition reported lower threat expectancy at a one-week follow-up than the other groups and this group difference was partially mediated by lower mean distress during exposure.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Implications of these findings for the inhibitory retrieval theory are discussed.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48198,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry","volume":"86 ","pages":"Article 101986"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142044223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}