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Ambivalent Bias at Work: Managers’ Perceptions of Older Workers across Organizational Contexts 工作中的矛盾偏见:跨组织背景下管理者对年长员工的看法
3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-09-11 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231175790
Hila Axelrad, Alexandra Kalev, Noah Lewin-Epstein
{"title":"Ambivalent Bias at Work: Managers’ Perceptions of Older Workers across Organizational Contexts","authors":"Hila Axelrad, Alexandra Kalev, Noah Lewin-Epstein","doi":"10.1177/09500170231175790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231175790","url":null,"abstract":"Managerial bias is a major source of workplace inequality and a central target of employer diversity efforts, yet we know little about the content of stereotypes and where they prevail. Stereotypes can be ambivalent, mixing negative and positive dimensions. Ambivalent stereotypes can rationalize discriminatory decision-making but they may also be more amenable to change. This article examines the prevalence of wholly negative and ambivalent age-based stereotypes across organizational contexts. Data on 551 managers reveals, first, that the modal manager holds ambivalent stereotypes about older workers, with positive perceptions of their personal attributes and negative perceptions regarding their employability. Second, both negative and ambivalent stereotypes are common in the presence of a labour union. Their prevalence declines, however, in different contexts: ambivalent stereotypes decline with increased intergroup contact and negative stereotypes decline when accountability triggers are implmented. Implications for research on work, organizations, older workers, and diversity management are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135980879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender, Money, and Sexuality: An Exploration into the Relational Work of Pakistani Khwajasiras 性别、金钱与性:巴基斯坦花jasiras关系工作的探索
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-30 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231188672
M. J. Ashraf, Daniela Pianezzi
{"title":"Gender, Money, and Sexuality: An Exploration into the Relational Work of Pakistani Khwajasiras","authors":"M. J. Ashraf, Daniela Pianezzi","doi":"10.1177/09500170231188672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231188672","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores how khwajasiras, a community of gender-variant persons in Pakistan, engage in relational work to gain recognition in a heteronormative world. We highlight how these workers negotiate the meanings of their intimate relationships with different forms, frequencies, amounts, and payment media of financial exchanges. We have identified four such relations i.e. romantic relations, spousal relations, taboo relations, and professional relations. Our analysis shows how these relations and associated financial exchanges allow khwajasiras to navigate gender norms and negotiate recognition by alternatively and creatively playing the role of the khwajasira lover, the khwajasira wife, the khwajasira survival prostitute, and the khwajasira professional sex worker. In enacting these roles, they simultaneously reaffirm, redefine, and challenge dominant gender norms while resisting stable and fixed definitions of transgender sex work(ers). These findings unpack the contingent and situated relationship between gender, sexuality, and sex work and the critical role of financial exchange(s) therein.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47179279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘When the Daily Commute Stops’: A Long-Distance Commuter’s Reflections on Commuting and Telecommuting across the COVID-19 Pandemic “当每日通勤停止”：新冠肺炎大流行期间远程通勤者对通勤和远程办公的思考
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-23 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231188660
Clive R. Trusson, G. Chen, John Bridger
{"title":"‘When the Daily Commute Stops’: A Long-Distance Commuter’s Reflections on Commuting and Telecommuting across the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Clive R. Trusson, G. Chen, John Bridger","doi":"10.1177/09500170231188660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231188660","url":null,"abstract":"This article foregrounds the working experience of a knowledge worker in the United Kingdom across three years (2019–2022) that included periods of ‘lockdown’ and other social restrictions resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic. Across seven separate interview extracts, it offers a longitudinal narrative on the lived experience of substituting a workday comprising a long-distance commute by car to work ‘standard’ hours for an extended workday telecommuting from home. Over time the worker paradoxically recognises that telecommuting entails added pressures of work intensification, extensification and greater domestic responsibility but this is preferable to returning to a long-distance dissatisfying commute. The reflexive narrative reveals how he embraces the pressures of telecommuting through job crafting to re-identify as an autonomous professional and more engaged care-giving parent. The article contributes to the literature on hybrid/flexible forms of work organisation emerging from the pandemic by indicating the importance of micro-level considerations and implications for gender equality.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43511008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Role of Boundary-Spanners in the Control of a Chinese Garment Factory in Myanmar 边界扳手在中国驻缅甸服装厂控制中的作用
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231188945
Alvin Hoi-Chun Hung
{"title":"The Role of Boundary-Spanners in the Control of a Chinese Garment Factory in Myanmar","authors":"Alvin Hoi-Chun Hung","doi":"10.1177/09500170231188945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231188945","url":null,"abstract":"This research examines the role of intraorganisational boundary-spanners, as mechanisms of workplace control, through an ethnographic study of a Chinese-run garment factory in Myanmar. The findings demonstrate how these intermediaries, rather than facilitating open communication, exerted a restraining influence on their cross-cultural workplace by identifying, dissolving and suppressing the expression of grievances. Wielding relationship-based informal power and position-based formal power, these intermediaries employed various means of persuasion and communication manipulation and disciplinary measures to contain dissatisfaction and maintain stability, whereby workers were directed to abandon their demands and align their expectations with management interests. Merging the literature on labour and management control with that on boundary-spanning in cross-cultural contexts, this article challenges the view that boundary-spanners enhance communication and promote consensus across boundaries, spotlighting the need to examine their activities in light of the profound influence of power dynamics in organisations.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48843591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Book Review: Matt Vidal, Management Divided: Contradictions of Labor Management 书评:马特·维达尔，《分裂的管理:劳动管理的矛盾》
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-09 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231190849
Paul Stewart
{"title":"Book Review: Matt Vidal, Management Divided: Contradictions of Labor Management","authors":"Paul Stewart","doi":"10.1177/09500170231190849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231190849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44767653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ride-Hail Drivers, Taxi Drivers and Multiple Jobholders: Who Takes the Most Risks and Why? 网约车司机、出租车司机和多职业:谁承担的风险最大，为什么?
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-05 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231185212
Alexandra D Lefcoe, C. Connelly, Ian R. Gellatly
{"title":"Ride-Hail Drivers, Taxi Drivers and Multiple Jobholders: Who Takes the Most Risks and Why?","authors":"Alexandra D Lefcoe, C. Connelly, Ian R. Gellatly","doi":"10.1177/09500170231185212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231185212","url":null,"abstract":"Little is known about how the use of ride-hail apps (e.g. Uber, Lyft) affects drivers’ propensity to engage in risky behaviours. Drawing on labour process theory, this study examines how algorithmic control of ride-hail drivers encourages risky driving (i.e. violating road safety rules, carrying weapons). Furthermore, the theory of work precarity is used to explain why multiple jobholders (MJHers), who work for ride-hail companies, drive taxis and hold other jobs, may be more likely to take risks while driving due to income insecurity and erratic work hours. The hypotheses are tested in a sample ( N = 191) of ride-hail drivers, taxi drivers and MJHers. The results suggest that MJHers are more likely to engage in risky driving in comparison to ride-hail and taxi drivers. Theoretical, practical and policy implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48869476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention. 零工经济中的移民和外来劳动力:干预。
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/09500170221096581
Niels van Doorn, Fabian Ferrari, Mark Graham
{"title":"Migration and Migrant Labour in the Gig Economy: An Intervention.","authors":"Niels van Doorn,&nbsp;Fabian Ferrari,&nbsp;Mark Graham","doi":"10.1177/09500170221096581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170221096581","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In urban gig economies around the world, platform labour is predominantly migrant labour, yet research on the intersection of the gig economy and labour migration remains scant. Our experience with two action research projects, spanning six cities on four continents, has taught us how platform work impacts the structural vulnerability of migrant workers. This leads us to two claims that should recalibrate the gig economy research agenda. First, we argue that platform labour simultaneously degrades working conditions while offering migrants much-needed opportunities to improve their livelihoods. Second, we contend that the reclassification of gig workers as employees is by itself not sufficient to counter the precarisation of migrant gig work. Instead, we need ambitious policies at the intersection of immigration, social welfare, and employment regulation that push back against the digitally mediated commodification of migrant labour worldwide.</p>","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10425276/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10650851","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 53
From Crunch to Grind: Adopting Servitization in Project-Based Creative Work. 从紧张到磨砺:在基于项目的创造性工作中采用服务化。
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1177/09500170211061228
Johanna Weststar, Louis-Étienne Dubois
{"title":"From Crunch to Grind: Adopting Servitization in Project-Based Creative Work.","authors":"Johanna Weststar,&nbsp;Louis-Étienne Dubois","doi":"10.1177/09500170211061228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170211061228","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The digital game industry has embraced servitization - a strategic orientation toward customer centricity in production-based firms - to deeply monetize digital games. Though some note the resource-intensive nature of delivering services and suggest inherent risks in its adoption, extant literature is uncritical. This article draws on labour process theory to critique the impact of servitization on workers at the point of production. We conducted in-depth interviews at a large North American game development studio. The results show the human cost of servitization, generally overshadowed by financial considerations. Specifically, we theorize that servitization increases the indeterminacy of labour and this must be compensated for if servitization is to realize its cost-benefit potential. The result is an intensification of labour through additional control imperatives which make workers accountable to consumers through deterministic success metrics, impact the creative process and direct creative outputs in real time.</p>","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bd/3b/10.1177_09500170211061228.PMC10425277.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10667504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
‘Money Probably Has Something to Do with My Life’: Discourse and Materiality in the Working Lives of Start-Up Entrepreneurs “金钱可能与我的生活有关”：创业企业家工作生活中的话语与物质性
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-28 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231185033
K. Musílek, K. Jamie, M. Learmonth
{"title":"‘Money Probably Has Something to Do with My Life’: Discourse and Materiality in the Working Lives of Start-Up Entrepreneurs","authors":"K. Musílek, K. Jamie, M. Learmonth","doi":"10.1177/09500170231185033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231185033","url":null,"abstract":"This article contributes to an understanding of work-intensive entrepreneurial lives as part of analysing the intensification of work in society. It offers an empirical extension of Foucauldian analyses, which attribute commitment to work to the influence of neoliberal enterprise discourse while often neglecting the material conditions of entrepreneurial work. The article draws on moderate constructionism and materialist discourse analysis to offer an account that pays attention to discourse and material realities. This ethnographic study shows how participants evoked norms of enterprise discourse to explain their commitment to work. However, they also understood these norms to be fundamentally shaped by their material conditions. The major contribution of the article is to show that the interpenetration of discursive norms with the investment logic of enterprise tends to displace boundaries between work and personal life and shift temporal arrangements of work from work–life ‘balance’ to prospects of free time in the imagined future.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45409567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
‘Bullshit’ After All? Why People Consider Their Jobs Socially Useless “胡说八道”？为什么人们认为他们的工作在社会上毫无用处
IF 3.7 3区 管理学
Work Employment and Society Pub Date : 2023-07-21 DOI: 10.1177/09500170231175771
Simon Walo
{"title":"‘Bullshit’ After All? Why People Consider Their Jobs Socially Useless","authors":"Simon Walo","doi":"10.1177/09500170231175771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09500170231175771","url":null,"abstract":"Recent studies show that many workers consider their jobs socially useless. Thus, several explanations for this phenomenon have been proposed. David Graeber’s ‘bullshit jobs theory’, for example, claims that some jobs are in fact objectively useless, and that these are found more often in certain occupations than in others. Quantitative research on Europe, however, finds little support for Graeber’s theory and claims that alienation may be better suited to explain why people consider their jobs socially useless. This study extends previous analyses by drawing on a rich, under-utilized dataset and provides new evidence for the United States specifically. Contrary to previous studies, it thus finds robust support for Graeber’s theory on bullshit jobs. At the same time, it also confirms existing evidence on the effects of various other factors, including alienation. Work perceived as socially useless is therefore a multifaceted issue that must be addressed from different angles.","PeriodicalId":48187,"journal":{"name":"Work Employment and Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41369387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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