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Can past informality impede registered firms’ access to credit? 过去的非正式会阻碍注册公司获得信贷吗？
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.002
Dorgyles C.M. Kouakou
{"title":"Can past informality impede registered firms’ access to credit?","authors":"Dorgyles C.M. Kouakou","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a large firm-level dataset from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys, which covers 134 countries and includes over 134,000 observations, we examine whether past informality affects the credit constraints of registered firms. Estimations, based on the entropy balancing method, indicate that registered firms that began operations informally are more likely to be credit-constrained than those that started in the formal sector. This finding is extremely robust to a variety of robustness tests, including instrumental variable, propensity score matching, alternative balancing methods that combine weighting and regression, potential omitted variables, restricted samples, alternative measures of credit constraints, different specifications such as Linear Probability, Logit, and Probit models, and clustering standard errors at the country level. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the detrimental impact of past informality lessens with firm size, firm age, and better structural factors like regulatory quality, trade openness, entrepreneurial dynamism, and public spending. Productivity, competition from the informal sector, and the quality of financial statements are key channels through which past informality increases credit constraints for registered firms.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 786-815"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Gender minority: A non-pecuniary approach to political capital 性别少数：政治资本的非金钱途径
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.007
Qingfeng Cai , Dongxu Li , Hao Liu
{"title":"Gender minority: A non-pecuniary approach to political capital","authors":"Qingfeng Cai ,&nbsp;Dongxu Li ,&nbsp;Hao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Social minority benefits from in-group favoritism, and companies may leverage it as a non-pecuniary strategy to access political capital. We examine gendered implications of corporate responses to city-level political turnovers, specifically when the leadership shifts from male to female politician. We show that the politician turnover induces firms headquartered in that city to increase the presence of women on the board of directors, particularly in the chairman or CEO position. This result is unlikely driven by gender equality concerns or other firm characteristics. Firms selecting a female director witness significantly increased financial support from the government. This paper suggests that gender minority can be a subtle way accessing political capital, and boosting female representation can help curb the in-group favoritism.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 834-855"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
International bridges and informal employment 国际桥梁和非正式就业
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.006
Kazunobu Hayakawa , Souknilanh Keola , Sasatra Sudsawasd , Kenta Yamanouchi
{"title":"International bridges and informal employment","authors":"Kazunobu Hayakawa ,&nbsp;Souknilanh Keola ,&nbsp;Sasatra Sudsawasd ,&nbsp;Kenta Yamanouchi","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study empirically investigates the effects on the formal–informal wage gap of the opening of an international bridge, specifically the second Thai–Lao Friendship Bridge, between Thailand and Laos in December 2006. We examine the wage gap between formal and informal workers in the border regions of Thailand using individual-level data from the Informal Employment Surveys for 2006 and 2011. We address endogeneity issues by using the instrumental variable method and introducing time-variant province fixed effects. As an instrument, we use the existence of formal workers in each family. Our findings can be summarized as follows. We find that the opening of the second bridge increased wages to a greater extent for formal workers than for informal workers; that is, it expanded the formal–informal wage gap. Such an effect is localized and can be observed up to 100 km from the bridge.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 667-682"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The impact of birthplace diversity on prosociality: Ingroups versus outgroups 出生地多样性对亲社会性的影响：内群体与外群体
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.005
Zhijian Zhang , Yuli Ding , Shu Wu
{"title":"The impact of birthplace diversity on prosociality: Ingroups versus outgroups","authors":"Zhijian Zhang ,&nbsp;Yuli Ding ,&nbsp;Shu Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How does immigration shape prosociality? This study investigates the impact of birthplace diversity on households’ private provision of financial support to different social groups in China. Linking nationally representative surveys with prefectural socio-economic data and census information, we employ a shift-share instrumental variable approach alongside fixed effects to explore this relationship. Exposure to increased birthplace diversity leads to more households providing financial assistance to friends and strangers, but not to relatives. The favorable impacts stem primarily from within-group diversity and fractionalization, rather than from between-group diversity and polarization. Economic interdependence and broader inclusiveness, as opposed to social trust or outgroup threat, likely drive these effects. The observed effect is more pronounced among households with higher educational attainment, superior economic status, and in cities receiving fewer distant immigrants. Distinguishing dimensions of diversity and their contexts is crucial for understanding immigration’s social implications.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 643-666"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Periods of uncertainty are linked to greater acceptance of minorities 不确定时期与更大程度上接受少数族裔有关
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-05-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.001
Niclas Berggren , Andreas Bergh , Therese Nilsson
{"title":"Periods of uncertainty are linked to greater acceptance of minorities","authors":"Niclas Berggren ,&nbsp;Andreas Bergh ,&nbsp;Therese Nilsson","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uncertainty affects people in various ways. It is frequently found to hinder investment and production in the economic sphere. In this study, we examine the empirical relationship between uncertainty and tolerance toward Muslims and Jews. Does uncertainty make people more or less tolerant? This question is particularly relevant given the prevalence of pandemics, wars, and financial crises. We investigate this relationship using the World Uncertainty Index, which measures the frequency of the word “uncertain” (and its variants) in The Economist Intelligence Unit country reports. By analyzing quarterly data from up to 56 countries between 1990 and 2020, we link country-level uncertainty to approximately 227,000 individual responses from the World Values Survey/European Values Study regarding whether respondents would like to have Jews or Muslims as neighbors. Leveraging the precise timing of survey interviews, we relate individual attitudes to prevailing uncertainty levels. Our results indicate a positive relationship between uncertainty and both tolerance indicators. Thus, for those concerned with attitudes toward minorities often subjected to prejudice, calm periods may pose greater risks to tolerance than volatile periods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 772-785"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Professional motivation and the quantity–quality trade-off 职业动机与数量-质量权衡
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.007
J. Michelle Brock
{"title":"Professional motivation and the quantity–quality trade-off","authors":"J. Michelle Brock","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>How can professionals be motivated to do better quality work? This paper examines this question through a unique lab-in-the-field experiment on more than 100 judges in a lower middle income country, Tajikistan. I test how judges respond both to monetary bonuses and to anonymous monitoring by peers of the quality of their work. I find that the provision of bonuses leads to much lower quality than in a control group where bonuses are not given. However, offering a bonus while also making work visible to peers motivates the judges to increase both quantity and quality. Random peer monitoring of work is likely triggering concerns about self-image which mitigate the negative effect of bonuses on quality. The results have important implications in labor market settings where strict monitoring of quality is not possible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 754-771"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Green retirement: The impact of retirement on carbon emissions through consumption and income dynamics 绿色退休：通过消费和收入动态分析退休对碳排放的影响
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.002
Wei Huang, Xiaoyan Lei, Chunfeng Zhang
{"title":"Green retirement: The impact of retirement on carbon emissions through consumption and income dynamics","authors":"Wei Huang,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Lei,&nbsp;Chunfeng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates the impact of retirement on carbon emissions, using China's compulsory retirement age policy as an exogenous source of variation. By applying a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to individual-level data, we identify a \"green retirement\" effect, where retirees reduce their carbon emissions due to income declines and changes in consumption behavior. For men, this reduction primarily stems from a decrease in consumption quantity, while for women, both a reduction in quantity and a shift toward more environmentally friendly consumption play a role. The effect is more pronounced among individuals with higher educational attainment, indicating that socioeconomic factors influence the environmental impact of retirement. These results suggest that demographic shifts could support sustainability efforts by aligning retirement policies with environmental goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 727-753"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Is an ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure? Evidence from a large-scale vaccination experiment in China 一盎司的预防抵得上十分的治疗吗？来自中国大规模疫苗接种实验的证据
IF 3.1 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-09-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.006
Yuyu Chen , Eik Leong Swee , Hui Wang , Qingqing Zong
{"title":"Is an ounce of prevention worth a pound of cure? Evidence from a large-scale vaccination experiment in China","authors":"Yuyu Chen ,&nbsp;Eik Leong Swee ,&nbsp;Hui Wang ,&nbsp;Qingqing Zong","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.05.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Can publicly-funded immunization programs in developing countries be cost-effective? To answer this, we run a large-scale experiment in China to estimate the cost-effectiveness of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines on elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Vaccinated patients – relative to the control group – experienced improvements in their COPD condition, which led to a substantial decrease in their medical expenditure (public medical insurance reimbursements and out-of-pocket expenses). Our conservative difference-in-differences estimates imply that every dollar spent making vaccination freely available reduced public medical insurance reimbursements by at least 10 to 33 dollars, and reduced total medical expenditure by 15 to 46 dollars. Comparing across beneficiaries, we find that patients aged 70 and above, those with more severe COPD symptoms, and those residing in rural areas, benefitted the most from immunization. Our results shed light on the long-run viability of public immunization programs, and for whom should immunization be prioritized.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 3","pages":"Pages 816-833"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144852331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Diplomatic relations and agricultural trade 外交关系和农业贸易
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-02-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.001
Zhongda Li , Lu Liu
{"title":"Diplomatic relations and agricultural trade","authors":"Zhongda Li ,&nbsp;Lu Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.02.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Political conflicts often cause disruptions in agricultural trade, yet previous studies have not paid much attention to the food market. Focusing on China, this paper examines the impact of diplomatic relations on agricultural trade. We match a panel dataset on agricultural exports to China from 168 trading partners with our constructed ranking index of diplomatic relations. Using different strategies to address the endogeneity issue, our analysis finds robust evidence for a strong and positive effect of diplomatic affinity on bilateral agricultural export flows. Exploring the potential mechanisms, we uncover that the increased agricultural exports work primarily through enhancing bilateral communication. Based on a quantitative trade model with Stone-Geary preferences, we then quantify the welfare effects from changes in diplomatic relations. We show that an increase in the ranking of diplomatic relations with trading partners leads to welfare gains of 0.5-1.8% through agricultural trade.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 433-460"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Intergenerational effects of parental human capital on children: Evidence from Malawi 父母人力资本对儿童的代际影响：来自马拉维的证据
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2025-06-01 Epub Date: 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.001
Youjin Hahn , Minji Kwak , Hyelim Son
{"title":"Intergenerational effects of parental human capital on children: Evidence from Malawi","authors":"Youjin Hahn ,&nbsp;Minji Kwak ,&nbsp;Hyelim Son","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2025.03.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We investigate the intergenerational transmission of parental education on children’s outcomes in Malawi. Using the variations induced by the Free Primary Education reform implemented in 1994, we find that an extra year of mothers’ and fathers’ schooling increases children’s schooling years by 0.19 and 0.16 years, respectively. Children with more educated mothers are less likely to work, while no such evidence is found for children with more educated fathers. We examine an array of potential mechanisms, including assortative mating, reduced fertility, and improvements in family resources. We find that spousal quality, fertility response, and a narrower age gap between spouses may be the underlying channels for the intergenerational transmission of education.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"53 2","pages":"Pages 345-372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144138576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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