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Growing up amid armed conflict: Women's attitudes toward domestic violence 在武装冲突中成长：妇女对家庭暴力的态度
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.002
Giulia La Mattina , Olga N. Shemyakina
{"title":"Growing up amid armed conflict: Women's attitudes toward domestic violence","authors":"Giulia La Mattina ,&nbsp;Olga N. Shemyakina","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper examines the relationship between growing up amid armed conflict and acceptance of violent behavior later in life. With this aim, we match data from 48 Demographic and Health Surveys in 23 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with records of all conflict events in the region post-WWII. Our empirical strategy exploits within-country variation in conflict exposure across survey clusters and over birth years. We find that attitudes toward domestic violence vary with past exposure to a high-intensity conflict (war) during childhood, but the estimated association is small in magnitude. Estimates from a model with survey cluster fixed effects show that acceptance of domestic violence by women exposed to war before age 20 is about three percent of a standard deviation higher than acceptance by women who live in the same community and experience a war later in life or were born after the war ended. The association is the largest for women first exposed to war early in childhood but remains small (five percent of a standard deviation).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 645-662"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142040393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voting from abroad: Assessing the impact of local turnout on migrants’ voting behavior 从国外投票：评估当地投票率对移民投票行为的影响
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001
{"title":"Voting from abroad: Assessing the impact of local turnout on migrants’ voting behavior","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.05.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Over 150 countries have laws allowing expatriate citizens to vote in their country of origin. Yet, little is known about their voting behavior and how this is affected by their host countries. Using unique micro-data on Chilean expatriates living in Europe and exploiting increases in the cost of voting caused by rainfall during the 2014 European Parliament election day in districts where Chileans reside, we show that 1 percentage point increase in the host-country local turnout decreases expatriates’ electoral participation in their home-country elections by nearly 1 percentage point. The result is driven by expatriates who were better integrated in the host-country societies. Evidence from surveys shows that higher host turnout promotes expatriates’ participation in host-country organizations and less in home-country organizations. Overall, our results suggest that in communities with high-political participation, migrants engage more with the local politics at the expense of their home-country politics.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 663-678"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596724000283/pdfft?md5=018c01d15288bdf8930f09ad2427d0f6&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596724000283-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141142231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Citizen empowerment through land reform 通过土地改革赋予公民权力
IF 2.8 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-05-17 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.003
{"title":"Citizen empowerment through land reform","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2024.04.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This paper empirically investigates the interplay between <em>de jure</em> political institutions and <em>de facto</em> elite-versus-citizen political power in determining the likelihood of the adoption of pro-citizen or aggregate welfare-enhancing economic institutions. Our key innovation is to measure the elite vs. citizens’ <em>de facto</em><span> power by the stock of land reforms that have taken place up to a given year in a country during the period 1900 to 2010. Our empirical analysis documents that, controlling for permanent country differences, common time shocks and country-specific time trends, and addressing the biases owing to initial differences in land distribution and time-varying omitted variables, democratization correlates with a relatively more likely movement towards aggregate welfare-maximizing policies in countries where adequate citizen power has been built (elite power has been adequately destroyed) over time. In addition, each land reform, which is an incremental destruction of the elite power, is associated with a relatively more likely movement towards aggregate welfare-enhancing policies in countries under democratic regimes, compared to autocracies.</span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 3","pages":"Pages 592-613"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2024-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141038424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Risk-sharing and entrepreneurship 风险分担和创业精神
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.002
Matilda Kilström , Paula Roth
{"title":"Risk-sharing and entrepreneurship","authors":"Matilda Kilström ,&nbsp;Paula Roth","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the impact of risk-sharing on entrepreneurship-driven innovation in an occupational choice model, where entrepreneurs exert effort to innovate. Risk-sharing may increase the number of individuals who become entrepreneurs by limiting the downside risk. The effort of entrepreneurs may, however, be hampered by high risk-sharing if this limits the returns faced by successful entrepreneurs relative to unsuccessful entrepreneurs. We construct a simple theoretical model where risk-sharing may be either private or provided through the welfare state by means of taxation. We show that, in addition to the occupational and effort choice dimensions, the level of public risk-sharing also matters for the characteristics of entrepreneurs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 341-360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596723001130/pdfft?md5=d4744495ca3ef0c299ce7063a7546b62&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596723001130-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139410960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Conservative Talk Radio and political persuasion in the US,1950–1970 1950-1970 年美国的保守派谈话广播和政治劝说
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2024-01-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.004
Oliver Engist , Paul Matzko , Erik Merkus
{"title":"Conservative Talk Radio and political persuasion in the US,1950–1970","authors":"Oliver Engist ,&nbsp;Paul Matzko ,&nbsp;Erik Merkus","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Conservative Talk Radio continues to shape US politics in the 21st century, but it has a deeper history. Using newly digitized archival records, we provide new evidence on the electoral effects of Conservative Talk Radio in the historically consequential period from 1950 to 1970. Conservative radio hosts like Clarence Manion, Billy James Hargis, and Carl McIntire rapidly expanded their network during the early 1960s before the Kennedy administration took regulatory steps to dismantle their business model. We find that in counties where these shows aired on local stations, the Republican vote share increased following their introduction. Anticipatory effects are small and insignificant, which supports a causal interpretation of this effect.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 166-182"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596723001154/pdfft?md5=bba07f02383093966ad8c31719ec913b&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596723001154-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Epidemics, disease control, and China’s long-term development 流行病、疾病控制与中国的长远发展
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.001
Jun Wang , James B. Ang
{"title":"Epidemics, disease control, and China’s long-term development","authors":"Jun Wang ,&nbsp;James B. Ang","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the impact of historical disease burden on the development of contemporary China. Using historical records spanning nearly six centuries, we construct a county-level dataset for the distribution of epidemics in China. Our results indicate that historical disease pressure has a positive impact on long-term economic development. This positive association withstands rigorous testing through a series of robustness checks. Furthermore, we find that earlier institutional development in disease control and the improvement in human capital are effective channels. The establishment of disease prevention centers facilitated the early adoption of modern disease control systems, which, in turn, enhanced public health, education, and productive activities.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"52 1","pages":"Pages 93-112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139014993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Picking winners? Government subsidies and firm productivity in China 挑选赢家？中国政府补贴与企业生产力
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.004
Lee G. Branstetter , Guangwei Li , Mengjia Ren
{"title":"Picking winners? Government subsidies and firm productivity in China","authors":"Lee G. Branstetter ,&nbsp;Guangwei Li ,&nbsp;Mengjia Ren","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Are Chinese government subsidies making the targeted Chinese firms more productive? Alternatively, are efforts to promote productivity undercut by efforts to maintain or expand employment in less productive enterprises? In this paper, we attempt to shed light on these questions through the analysis of previously underutilized microdata on direct government subsidies provided to China's publicly traded firms. We estimate total-factor productivity (TFP) for Chinese listed firms and investigate the relationship between these estimates of TFP and the allocation of government subsidies. We find little evidence that the Chinese government consistently “picks winners”. Firms’ ex-ante productivity is negatively correlated with subsidies received by firms, and subsidies appear to have a negative impact on firms’ ex-post productivity growth throughout our data window, 2007 – 2018. Neither subsidies given out under the name of R&amp;D and innovation promotion nor industrial and equipment upgrading positively affect firms’ productivity growth. On the other hand, we find a positive impact of subsidy on current year employment. These findings suggest that China's rising wave of government subsidies may have generated limited effects in promoting productivity.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 1186-1199"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135453892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Labor markets during war time: Evidence from online job advertisements 战争时期的劳动力市场：来自在线招聘广告的证据
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.002
Tho Pham , Oleksandr Talavera , Zhuangchen Wu
{"title":"Labor markets during war time: Evidence from online job advertisements","authors":"Tho Pham ,&nbsp;Oleksandr Talavera ,&nbsp;Zhuangchen Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study examines the short- and medium-term impacts of the ongoing Russia-Ukraine war on the labor market for Ukrainian workers. Using a unique dataset of 5.4 million online job advertisements for Ukrainian job seekers in Poland and Ukraine over the 2021–2022 period, we show a short-term surge in demand for Ukrainians to work in Poland, while the number of jobs available in Ukraine is relatively stable. Since February 2022, the demand for soft and analytical skills in Ukraine has increased, while the demand for such skills in Poland has remained the same. Moreover, the increase in Polish jobs available to Ukrainian workers is largest for medium/high-skilled jobs and female-oriented jobs. Further analysis suggests a persistent shift (to the left) in wage distribution driven by both the decline of wages within job titles and the change in the composition of jobs across Poland.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 1316-1333"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596723000550/pdfft?md5=5a7aec59604de01fa7af402f1355e897&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596723000550-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89001241","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Decentralization and trust in government: Quasi-experimental evidence from Ukraine 权力下放与对政府的信任：乌克兰的准实验证据
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.08.002
Helge Arends , Tymofii Brik , Benedikt Herrmann , Felix Roesel
{"title":"Decentralization and trust in government: Quasi-experimental evidence from Ukraine","authors":"Helge Arends ,&nbsp;Tymofii Brik ,&nbsp;Benedikt Herrmann ,&nbsp;Felix Roesel","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.08.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.08.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Can decentralization of political powers increase trust in government? We present quasi-experimental evidence from Ukraine where political trust has been among the lowest levels worldwide. The national government devolved powers and resources to newly formed local governments (<em>hromadas</em>) between 2015 and 2020; this includes a substantial share of taxes on local incomes. We exploit local differences in the timing of the decentralization reform. Difference-in-differences estimations show that citizens in decentralized communities report more trust in local authorities and participate more often in local elections. The most likely mechanism is the democratic process of coming together to build new local communities. Local trust however does not spill over to trust in national institutions. The results may explain the strong role of <em>hromadas</em> in Ukraine’s resilience against the detrimental effects of the Russian invasion.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 1356-1365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147596723000689/pdfft?md5=8722d12fea2057d27d7ddffdf033c4b5&pid=1-s2.0-S0147596723000689-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75793416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Geopolitical fragmentation and trade 地缘政治分裂与贸易
IF 2.7 2区 经济学
Journal of Comparative Economics Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.008
Rodolfo G. Campos , Julia Estefania-Flores , Davide Furceri , Jacopo Timini
{"title":"Geopolitical fragmentation and trade","authors":"Rodolfo G. Campos ,&nbsp;Julia Estefania-Flores ,&nbsp;Davide Furceri ,&nbsp;Jacopo Timini","doi":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jce.2023.06.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>What are the economic consequences of geopolitical fragmentation on trade? We answer this question by using a canonical general equilibrium trade model to quantify the trade and welfare effects stemming from world trade fragmentation along geopolitical borders. To calibrate the size of the increase in trade costs, we use a new aggregate measure of trade restrictions that spans over the last 70 years and includes up to 157 countries and estimate the impact on trade of very broad </span>trade policy restrictions in a theory-consistent structural gravity framework. We estimate that a fragmentation into three different trade blocs (Western, Eastern, Neutral)—defined according to how countries voted on the suspension of the rights of membership of the Russian Federation in the United Nations Human Rights Council because of the invasion of Ukraine— would have important effects on trade between them, reducing trade flows by 22%–57%, in the most extreme scenarios. Welfare losses would be the largest in the Eastern bloc, where the median country would experience a welfare loss of up to 3.4%.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48183,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Comparative Economics","volume":"51 4","pages":"Pages 1289-1315"},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74399538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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