Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Use-wear traces on Mesolithic slotted bone arrowheads from the Volga-Oka interfluve, European Russia","authors":"Mikhail Zhilin ,&nbsp;Vladimir Ruev","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104921","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104921","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excavations of multilayer peat bog sites carried out during 1989–2002 in the Volga-Oka interfluve in the center of European Russia yielded a number of slotted bone arrowheads dated from the very beginning of the Mesolithic up to the Early Neolithic. Some of them preserved flint inserts in their slots, fixed with the help of dark glue. Traceological analysis of these artefacts revealed various traces of their manufacture and use. The latter include blunting and rounding of the tip of the bone point, accompanied by polishing and linear traces. Damage scars, severe smashing and splitting of the point indicate hitting hard material. Specific use-wear traces on points of arrowheads similar to ones observed on digging tools indicate hitting the ground, probably when the arrow missed the target.</div><div>Use-wear traces observed on flint inserts preserved in situ in slots of arrowheads include edge damage in the shape of micro chipping, bending fractures and notches usually accompanied by a thin streak of polish along the edge and scarce linear traces. The latter consist of thin strips of interrupted bright polish sometimes accompanied by scarce thin scratches running subparallel to the insert edge or at an acute angle to it. Abrasion of the edge observed on inserts of some arrowheads could be a result of attrition inside a quiver or of contact with some other material.</div><div>Use-wear traces are rather poorly developed on most studied arrowheads indicating short time of use. However, some bone slotted arrowheads yielded very well pronounced use-wear traces pointing at a long use of such arrowheads. Some of the latter show traces of repair after breakage, mostly reshaping of the point. Probably their owners treated these arrowheads with special care.</div><div>Inserts were fixed in slots with the help of glue made of birch bark tar with an admixture of charcoal dust. First, the glue was put in the slot, after it, inserts already arranged in a line were placed into the slot and extra glue was removed. Similar glue on bevels of bone arrowheads indicate hafting in a split shaft or in a conical nest drilled at the end of an arrow shaft.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104921"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of some wooden materials used in Bam world heritage site","authors":"Danial Harandi,&nbsp;Samaneh Almaszadeh Allahabadi","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Arg-e-Bam is undoubtedly the largest earthen complex in Iran, if not the world. In Bam Citadel, in addition to earthen materials, wood was extensively used by traditional architects across various historical periods. A combination of microscopic and macroscopic techniques was employed to identify ten wood samples collected from various parts of Arg-e-Bam. Thin wood slides were prepared for wood identification and quantitative analysis using transmitted light microscopy and ImageJ software.</div><div>The oldest specimen, obtained from the lower layer of the eastern entrance of the governor’s residence and attributed to the Parthian period (247 BCE to 224 CE), was identified as palm wood. Furthermore, the identification of four palm wood samples in the building structure of the governor complex, dating to the Safavid period (1501<strong>–</strong>1736 CE) indicates the widespread use of palm tree trunks by architects of this period. Additionally, <em>Juglans regia</em> L. was identified in the entrance door of the building from the Safavid period. The use of <em>Populus</em> spp. and <em>Tamarix</em> spp. as a local wood materials in south of Iran in the construction of buildings demonstrates the knowledge of the architects of the Zand (1751<strong>–</strong>1794 CE) and Qajar (1796<strong>–</strong>1925 CE) periods by utilizing available native wood materials.</div><div>The identification of <em>Tectona grandis</em> L. (teak) wood as a non-native species in Iran demonstrates the importation of timber through historical trade networks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microstructural findings on prenatally formed dental enamel support the assumption of an Iron age twin burial from Germany","authors":"Stefan Flohr,&nbsp;Carsten Witzel,&nbsp;Jule Iatropoulos,&nbsp;Horst Kierdorf,&nbsp;Uwe Kierdorf","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104956","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104956","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Only a few cases of twins have been reported in the bioarchaeological literature so far and their identification is usually prompted by the find situation. A confirmation of this assumption by purely gross-morphological methods is not reliable. More recently, aDNA analysis constitutes a more promising approach, although the preservation of the DNA can be a limiting factor. Here we present an alternative approach to test the twin hypothesis, based on the microscopic analysis of the pattern of incremental markings in prenatally formed dental enamel.</div><div>Three corresponding pairs of teeth from two perinatal human individuals from the Iron Age in Germany were chosen for microscopic analysis of their prenatal enamel. In all analyzed teeth, four accentuated incremental lines (AILs) with matching locations between the corresponding teeth were identified. The numbers of daily enamel growth increments between corresponding consecutive AILs was (almost) identical in the individuals.</div><div>Our results strongly suggest that the individuals shared a common intrauterine environment and therefore constitute twins. We conclude that the microscopic analysis of prenatally formed dental enamel is a powerful approach to test a twin sibling hypothesis in archaeological cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104956"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Social, Economic and Political Change in Linear and Appositional Growth of Children from the Medieval Islamic and Christian Periods of the Algarve, Portugal","authors":"Carmen Kors ,&nbsp;Ana González-Ruiz ,&nbsp;Maria José Gonçalves ,&nbsp;Maria João Valente ,&nbsp;Cristina Garcia ,&nbsp;Hugo F.V. Cardoso","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105018","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105018","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Archaeological data and historical research suggest that the Medieval Islamic Period (711-1249 A.D.) in Iberia was associated with conditions more favourable for child growth than the post-Islamic Christian Period (1249-1650 A.D.). This is due to agricultural prosperity, greater medical knowledge, and better hygienic practices of the former. As child growth is a sensitive indicator of environmental insults, it can be used as a proxy for the stress experienced by the whole population. The linear and appositional bone growth of 29 children (under the age of 12 years) recovered from archaeological sites in Silves and Cacela Velha - dating from the Medieval Islamic and Christian Period in the Algarve, Portugal - were compared to determine whether the environmental changes associated with the transition between these periods impacted the health and well-being of the populations. Age was estimated from tooth length. Linear growth of all long bones and the appositional growth of the femur and humerus at the midshaft were compared between periods using z-scores. Bone growth deficits were found among the medieval children in all samples. Overall, Islamic Period children had slightly greater growth deficits than Christian Period children, although these differences were not statistically significant. This finding suggests that neither Medieval Period was more favourable for growth. Statistically significant differences in appositional growth were found between the Medieval Santarém and Algarve populations, suggesting these differences to be related to the local environment, rather than religious or temporal differences within the Algarve or other regions of Portugal.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105018"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143160310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of woodland plant resources at the Neolithic site at Bronocice (southern Poland)","authors":"M. Moskal-del Hoyo ,&nbsp;M. Lityńska-Zając ,&nbsp;G. Juźwińska ,&nbsp;J. Kruk ,&nbsp;T. Oberc ,&nbsp;P. Włodarczak","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104943","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104943","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the Bronocice site, the analysis of macroscopic plant remains from 179 archaeological features offers significant insights into the local flora and its utilization by Neolithic communities, including the Lublin-Volhynian culture and the Funnel Beaker culture, as well as the Early Bronze Age Trzciniec culture. The remains of cultivated plants indicate the presence of fields with emmer (<em>Triticum dicoccon</em>) and einkorn (<em>Triticum monococcum</em>) as primary crops, with common millet (<em>Panicum miliaceum</em>) gaining importance during the Bronze Age. Among the wild herbaceous plants, which are currently interpreted as weeds or ruderals, species such as goosefoot (<em>Chenopodium</em> t. <em>album</em>) as well as rye brome (<em>Bromus secalinu</em>s), black bind-weed (<em>Fallopia convolvulus</em>), and barnyard grass (<em>Echinochloa crus-galli</em>) may have served as food sources. Charcoal analyses reveal a predominance of oak (<em>Quercu</em>s sp.) and Scots pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>), suggesting that oak and oak-pine woodlands with an open canopy were prevalent near the settlement on the loess belt of southern Poland. These woodlands likely supported a diverse array of trees and shrubs, including birch (<em>Betula</em> sp.), lime (<em>Tilia</em> sp.), maple (<em>Acer</em> sp.), and ash (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>). The presence of fruits such as wild apple (<em>Malus sylvestris</em>), common hazel (<em>Corylus avellana</em>), elderberry (<em>Sambucus</em> sp.), and wild strawberry (<em>Fragaria</em> sp.) in the plant assemblages indicates their use for food and medicinal purposes. The macroscopic plant remains from new trenches at Bronocice suggest an actively managed and exploited landscape, reflecting the inhabitants’ reliance on their environment and their impact on the local landscape over prolonged occupation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104943"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two pottery styles at one site: Chemical and mineralogical insights from the Liudun site in the Yangtze-Huaihe region of China","authors":"Qinglin Li ,&nbsp;Xiaochun Chen ,&nbsp;Yuxiao Kang ,&nbsp;Tao Li","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104974","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104974","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excavations in the Yangtze-Huaihe region, a culture crossroads of southern and northern China, have uncovered numerous Late Neolithic sites with pottery stylistically featuring two or more contemporaneous cultures, indicating contact and exchange with areas like the eastern seaboard (Haidai). This study uses benchtop X-ray fluorescence, X-ray powder diffraction, and thermal expansion methods to investigate the chemical and mineralogical compositions and firing temperatures of 62 Longshan-style and Qianshanyang-style vessel sherds from the Liudun site in the Yangtze-Huaihe region. Typological analysis suggests that both pottery styles coexisted at Liudun, though the reasons for this remained unexplored.</div><div>The chemical variability indicates that three clay sources were used for the investigated pottery, with two shared by both styles and one noticed only among the Longshan style. The mineralogical composition of 20 Longshan and six Qianshanyang coarse-paste sherds is largely consistent, possibly indicating similar tempering practices. Firing minerals such as spinel indicate some pottery may have been fired at higher temperatures. Thermal expansion analysis confirmed that both Longshan and Qianshanyang pottery were fired at two different temperature ranges: lower (700–800 °C) and higher (900–1000 °C). Combining archaeometric evidence with pottery functions and styles, we conclude that the two pottery styles were produced at Liudun using local clays and tempering materials. We propose that Qianshanyang vessels were recreated items at this Longshan-type site rather than imported finished products.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104974"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neanderthal cave art? A proposal from cognitive archaeology","authors":"Miriam García Capín","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104904","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104904","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the evidence supporting Neanderthal’s symbolic capacity, cave art remains mainly ascribed to modern humans in the Cantabrian Region (Spain), as well as in other areas like southern Spain or France. However, there is not robust evidence to discard an earlier authorship, as long as dating methods do not have the sufficient resolution to do it. In this context, these lines aim to provide a cognitive perspective to support or dismiss the development of Neanderthal symbolic capacity for the creation of non-figurative cave art. Attention, linked to emotions and causal reasoning are psychological processes shared with other species and involved in the earliest cave art. To assess to what extent Neanderthals may have developed them, multidisciplinar data are analyzed through a methodological framework based on the proposal by Garofoli and Haidle. This method involves comparing the systems of living species to identify correlations between observable and unobservable entities, allowing for the inference of cognitive capacities in extinct species based on their observable traits. The approach is primarily theoretical. The results present Neanderthals as cognitively close to modern humans and able to use symbolic elements to succesfully interact with the environment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104904"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143147423","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plants and people at the archaeological site Vale da Pedra Furada, Piauí, Brazil","authors":"Leidiana Mota,&nbsp;Rita Scheel-Ybert","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104937","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104937","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Vale da Pedra Furada, located in the Serra da Capivara National Park (Piauí, Brazil), is an open-air site with a long archaeological sequence. It was occupied from the late Pleistocene to middle Holocene. Charcoal samples retrieved during the excavation campaigns were analyzed aiming to reconstruct the use of plant resources by hunter-gatherers who occupied the area and the palaeovegetation around the site c. 24,000–6,000 cal BP. Taxa currently present in the <em>cerrado</em> and <em>caatinga</em> were identified, along with elements from the semi-deciduous forest close to the site. Anthracological results point to sporadic episodes of short-term occupation in this site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104937"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A comparative analysis of DStretch© and alternative image enhancement techniques for identifying tattoos in archaeological contexts","authors":"Anne Austin ,&nbsp;Dominik Göldner ,&nbsp;Aaron Deter-Wolf","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.104984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Tattooing is a cultural practice that extends at least 5,300 years into the human past, and preserved tattoos are found on human remains in archaeological and museum collections around the world. Taphonomic processes often render these marks faint or indecipherable to the naked eye. Identifying and creating legacy documentation of these perishable materials is greatly aided by the use of alternative digital imaging technologies. This paper assesses the efficacy of the DStretch© digital image enhancement technique as a low-cost, non-destructive means to detect and reconstruct tattoos from archaeological contexts. A comparison of results using DStretch© and other image enhancement techniques demonstrates that this approach can be used to consistently enhance visible tattoos and also aid in detecting marks that are not initially visible.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104984"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-destructive pigment analysis of mural paintings from the Song and Jin Dynasties in Baode County","authors":"Suchi Liu ,&nbsp;Mingrui Zhang ,&nbsp;Jie Liu ,&nbsp;Madalina Georgiana Albu Kaya ,&nbsp;Keyong Tang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104923","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2024.104923","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The tomb mural paintings discovered in Baode County, China from the Song and Jin Dynasties provide invaluable insights into the funeral culture and daily customs at that time, making them of significant research value. In this work, a non-destructive survey of the mural paintings was conducted using multiple modern techniques. The visual inspection of the mural paintings was performed with a mobile microscope and colorimeter. The composition identification of the pigments was employed using portable X-Ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF) and Raman spectrometer. It was revealed that the orange and black pigments were composed of minium and carbon black, respectively. Notably, the yellow pigment was found to be made of goethite, which was rarely reported in mural paintings from Shanxi Province, China. Additionally, the white pigments employed in the three mural paintings were identified as calcite and gypsum. A comprehensive evaluation on pigments was conducted, which is expected to provide a practical scientific foundation for the protection and restoration of the tomb mural paintings in Baode County, as well as necessary reference and support for the analysis of pigment components in cultural heritage.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"61 ","pages":"Article 104923"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143148087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}