Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"At the edge of the Empire, at the turn of the millennium: glass supply and glassworking practices on the periphery of Byzantium (a case study of window glass from Veseloye, northwestern Caucasus)","authors":"Olga S. Rumyantseva ,&nbsp;Ekaterina A. Armarchuk ,&nbsp;Inna N. Kuzina ,&nbsp;Anna V. Mastykova ,&nbsp;Maria V. Chervyakovskaya ,&nbsp;Vasiliy S. Chervyakovskiy","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105381","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105381","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The late 1st millennium AD was a period of fundamental transformations in glass production, consumption, and supply in the Mediterranean region and beyond. The data shedding light on these processes at the periphery of Byzantium are very limited so far. A church of the 10th century CE was excavated in Veseloye, in the northwestern Caucasus – the region which was under the strong cultural, economic, and religious influence of the Byzantine Empire. The chemical composition of window panes found here provides data on glass circulation and glassworking practices on the north periphery of the Byzantine world. Most of the colourless windows found here were made using plant ash glass of Levantine origin. The strongly coloured glass is of the high-boron type; it likely originated from Western Anatolia. Its compositional variability points to the complex nature of the fluxing agent, which melted with sand originating from different locations. The data obtained support the idea of several glassmaking workshops operating in parallel in Asia Minor. All the glass found in Veseloye should have been supplied to the north Caucasus through the Byzantine Empire. The peculiarities of its composition reflect the model of manufacturing window panes for the church by commission, probably in the Caucasian region. It is likely that allochthonous craftsmen worked here using imported glass. The evidence for extensive recycling has been attested for some series of high-boron glass.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105381"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A prehistoric Japanese building constructed with wooden pillars that have an age range spanning 700 years","authors":"Masaki Sano ,&nbsp;Masataka Hakozaki ,&nbsp;Yusuke Yamashita ,&nbsp;Zhen Li ,&nbsp;Takeshi Nakatsuka ,&nbsp;Taro Chiba ,&nbsp;Takashi Arakawa ,&nbsp;Minoru Sakamoto","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105416","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105416","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sixteen pillars in a prehistoric building in Osaka, Japan, were precisely dated using a 4354-year-long tree-ring δ¹⁸O master chronology. The building was previously thought to have been constructed in the 1^st century BCE (i.e., the middle Yayoi Period), when the metal-working culture in the Japan archipelago expanded rapidly and large-scale agricultural settlements with large moats and agricultural rituals using bronze became prominent. Fifteen of the 16 pillars have no sapwood, and thus their felling dates cannot be determined. Despite this constraint, our analysis demonstrated that the building was constructed using pillars that yield ages from 782 to 52 BCE. Our δ¹⁸O-based dates were successfully verified by reproducing the rapid ¹⁴C increase observed at 665–663 BCE, which provides independent support for the tree-ring dating. We propose three potential explanations for the 700-year range in the pillar ages. Firstly, the outer layers of the tree trunks may have been removed prior to the construction of the building. Secondly, the Yayoi people might have utilized wood from buried trees, which could have originated from landslides occurring intermittently over extended periods of time. Thirdly, some of the pillars may have been repurposed from other structures. The pillar dated to 52 BCE, which contains complete sapwood rings, was likely logged shortly before construction of the building, whereas some of the remaining pillars may have been sourced from dead wood. Our findings suggest that the use of wood during the middle Yayoi Period was more complex than the simple harvesting of living trees.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105416"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehistoric agricultural practices and subsistence strategies at Jicha site (3800–2200 cal BP) in Northwest Yunnan, China","authors":"Xiabo Li ,&nbsp;Wuqi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Yang ,&nbsp;Changcheng Hu ,&nbsp;Nan Cheng ,&nbsp;Jie Fu ,&nbsp;Zining Zou ,&nbsp;Yuanyuan Gao ,&nbsp;Hongbo Zheng","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105410","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105410","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Northwest Yunnan, historically a pivotal corridor for interactions among various ethnic groups from northern and southwestern China, played a significant role in prehistoric human migrations and the dissemination of agriculture. The Jicha site, located at the south end of the Hengduan Mountains in northwest Yunnan, is an important metallurgical site occupied during the period from the Late Neolithic to the Early Iron Age. Based on phytolith analysis of soil samples collected from this site, this study reveals that the inhabitants from 3800 to 2200 cal BP primarily subsisted on cultivated plants. Within the relatively stable agricultural system, rice remained the staple diet, complemented by dryland crops such as wheat, foxtail millet, and common millet. Among these crops, wheat appeared around 3500 cal BP and became the dominant dryland crop by the Middle to Late Bronze Age. Additionally, the inhabitants diversified their diet by utilizing plant resources effectively from the surrounding areas. The evidence indicates the ancestors had an advanced capacity to organize social labor and developed relatively mature skills for cultivation management and crop processing, which were related to large-scale grain harvesting and processing or storing in specific areas and possibly further strengthened rice cultivation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105410"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Copper alloying practices of Urartian metalwork: Results of pXRF analysis from Ayanis, Yukarı Anzaf, and Çavuştepe (Türkiye)","authors":"Braden W. Cordivari ,&nbsp;Oğuz Aras","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105417","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105417","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Copper alloy metalwork of the Iron Age Urartian kingdom (9th-7th centuries BCE) is famous for its high degree of sophistication and skill. This study presents the results of energy dispersive portable X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (ED-pXRF) analysis used to characterize 73 Urartian copper alloy objects, primarily from the fortresses of Ayanis, Yukarı Anzaf and Çavuştepe in eastern Türkiye. It includes material dating to the reign of three different Urartian kings between the 9th and 7th centuries BCE in order to assess and compare alloying strategies across object types, sites, and time periods. The results indicate that the majority of the objects are made of bronze alloy (Cu-Sn), but there are also a range of other alloys represented, including low-Zn alloys (Cu-Zn-Sn). Cu-Sn alloys appear to have been chosen for objects worked by hammering, such as shields, likely due to their hardness. Cast objects frequently included Pb or Zn in addition to Sn, likely to facilitate easier casting. Arrowheads are enriched in As and Sb, consistent with the use of a fahlore raw material source different from the other artifact classes. These correlations are present in objects from different sites and time periods, suggesting that alloying practices were shared between craftspeople throughout the kingdom.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105417"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing connections: Exploring links between Marandet (Central Niger) and the Chad Basin through pottery provenance analysis using pXRF","authors":"Juan-Marco Puerta Schardt,&nbsp;Sonja Magnavita","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105382","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105382","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Long-distance connections in medieval West Africa are documented through written sources and exotic finds. However, both are relatively rare. As an abundant artifact category, pottery can provide a more comprehensive picture of past interactions. Portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) offers a rapid and cost-effective method for ceramic provenance analysis, allowing researchers to trace the exchange of vessels between different regions. In this study, we established reference groups for various regions in West Africa using research collections. Local ceramics were identified based on typological and geochemical characteristics, and their geochemical signatures were extracted using Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Additionally, pXRF was used to analyze ceramic assemblages and identify imported sherds. This approach was particularly useful for the identification of Sgraffito ceramics found in Marandet, which are atypical for the region. Through comparison with reference groups, these sherds were attributed to the western Lake Chad area. Other non-local sherds from Marandet could be linked to the northwestern Lake Chad Basin. This indicates diverse connections between Marandet and the Lake Chad Basin. These results demonstrate that pXRF is a valuable tool for the provenance analysis of widely exchanged ceramics in West Africa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of Tuyères from Lekie Division, Centre Cameroon (West Central Africa): raw materials and ironworking processes","authors":"Zoila Luz Epossi Ntah ,&nbsp;Giuseppe Cultrone ,&nbsp;Thomas Rose","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105414","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105414","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper is focused on the characterization of twelve fragments of tuyères collected from Evian and Pongsolo ironworking sites in Lekie, central Cameroon (15–19th century CE) with the aim of understanding the nature of their raw materials and the temperature reached during the ironworking processes. The analytical methods used for the study were X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, polarized optical microscopy, hydric tests and colorimetry. The studied samples were produced from silica-alumina rich clay materials with variable amounts of iron oxide, lower in Evian and higher in Pongsolo which explain their different colour (greyish in Evian and reddish in Pongsolo). The chemical correlation between the tuyères and the clays from Lekie suggested a local production of the tuyères using the clays from Lekie. Mineralogical and microstructural variations were observed in the samples from the two sites, due to the differences in temperature during ironworking or firing, and the position of the sample within the tuyère. The mineralogy of the fired clays was used to infer the temperatures the samples were exposed to in the furnace, indicating 1100 °C and 1200 °C as the peak temperatures recorded in the tuyères found in Pongsolo and Evian, respectively. The high content of quartz in the tuyères and their low amount of flux oxides indicates their refractoriness during ironworking process. Similarities in terms of typology and the characteristics of the raw materials have been observed in the tuyères from other African countries, indicating the use of a bellows-operated furnace during ironworking processes in Lekie.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105414"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145109116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The palaeoenvironmental context of MIS 3 and the use of plants by Neanderthal groups in southern Italy: results from the Riparo l’Oscurusciuto site","authors":"Rosa M. Albert ,&nbsp;Juan Ochando ,&nbsp;Ivan Martini ,&nbsp;Carlos Alberto Rivera-Rondón ,&nbsp;Jacopo Crezzini ,&nbsp;Clarissa Dominici ,&nbsp;Vincenzo Spagnolo ,&nbsp;Paolo Boscato ,&nbsp;Annamaria Ronchitelli ,&nbsp;Francesco Boschin ,&nbsp;Francesco Berna","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105399","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105399","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neanderthal populations occupied caves and rockshelters across the Mediterranean, leaving behind evidence of their daily activities, including plant remains. By studying these remains, we can gain a better understanding of how these populations used plant resources and adapted to their environment. A critical period for studying Neanderthal behaviour is Marine Isotope Stage 3 (MIS 3) which was characterized in Europe by millennial-scale climatic instability involving fluctuations between warming and cooling events. These changes may have impacted the dispersal and dynamics of Neanderthal populations, prompting new behavioural, subsistence and settlement adaptations.</div><div>A key site for studying Neanderthal groups in southern Italy during MIS 3 is Riparo l’Oscurusciuto in the Ginosa Ravine. The site’s long stratigraphic sequence and well-preserved faunal and material culture remains, including hearths, span the period from ∼55 ka to ∼42.8 ka BP. This makes the site central to our understanding of Neanderthal life and how they adapted to the environment until their disappearance from the region. Here, we present the results of a high-resolution study of plant microremains (phytoliths and pollen) and aquatic siliceous microremains (diatoms and chrysophyte cysts), alongside the mineralogical characterisation of their sedimentary contexts using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The ∼12,200-year long reconstruction of the palaeoenvironment reveals a changing landscape starting with semi-open woodlands and forests at ∼55 ka and changing to more open woodland steppe environments starting sometime before ∼52 ka. The woody vegetation was composed of evergreen and deciduous oak woodlands with a continued presence of other mesophytes and Mediterranean woody taxa, including gymnosperms. The grasses (mostly C₃ Pooid), are associated with a wide range of herbaceous species, probably reflecting the opening up of the landscape. Neanderthals responded to these changes by adapting their activities to the surrounding vegetation, by for example using grasses for the hearths, the ashes of which were later spread around the site.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105399"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuation of hunter-gatherer weaning practices in middle/late Neolitic Latvia","authors":"Anna Batraga ,&nbsp;Gunita Zariņa ,&nbsp;Andrea Czermak ,&nbsp;Rick J. Schulting","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105395","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105395","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper provides information on early life histories from two Neolithic sites in Latvia, Kreiči and Abora I, reconstructed on the basis of stable nitrogen (δ¹⁵N) and carbon (δ¹³C) isotope values from dentine serial sections of nine individuals. With a single possible exception, most individuals were breastfed from birth, with breastmilk lessening as the main food source after the age of 0.6–0.9 years, although some were older. Complete weaning for all individuals had occurred by approximately age 4. These results seem more consistent with the hunter-gatherer tradition of longer weaning periods and older ages at weaning completion, rather than the ‘Neolithic’ pattern of earlier weaning often thought to have accompanied the spread of early agriculture. This paper also examines differences between child and adult diets within these communities. Higher δ¹⁵N values for post-weaning age children suggest that they consumed more freshwater resources than adults. While there are hints of a slight decline in freshwater resources in the Late Neolithic at Abora I, this is less marked than in previously published Late Neolithic Corded Ware individuals from the site of Zvejnieki. This suggests that the process of Neolithisation was variable even within Latvia, with some communities more committed to farming and others maintaining a predominantly hunting and gathering subsistence economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105395"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysing Roman hobnail footwear in soil-blocks using radiography: Design, dating, and identities","authors":"James Elliott ,&nbsp;Adelina Teoaca","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105400","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105400","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study presents the radiographic imaging and analysis of eight soil-blocks containing hobnailed footwear from a Romano-British cemetery (5-5a Rhodaus Town, Canterbury, England). The site, dated to the Late Roman period, underwent archaeological excavation prior to commercial development in 2019. Of the 215 inhumations identified, 51 contained evidence of footwear by virtue of hobnails in varying quantities. For a selection of graves, radiography was performed upon soil-blocks with the aim of demonstrating footwear design and dimensions using hobnail distribution, despite the absence of leatherwork. The resultant imaging showed a range of designs in keeping with known examples elsewhere and can assist dating according to changes in fashion. Dimensions of footwear length and width appeared to correlate with descriptions of interred individuals within the osteological report. Limitations for the use of radiography includes taphonomic changes within the grave, damage during excavation, or post-excavation changes within the soil-block which alter the original position of hobnails. Geometric unsharpness is also an inherent limitation within radiography and impacts the accuracy of measurements. Despite this, radiography has been demonstrated as a useful tool, providing a permanent imaging record prior to micro-excavation and aiding identification of footwear type and design. Of particular utility is the imaging of soil-blocks where no skeletal remains have survived, in which case footwear design and dimensions may offer the only clues for age-at-death, biological sex, and social status.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracing the environmental footprint of a Lusatian Urnfield culture stronghold in northern Poland","authors":"Witold Szambelan ,&nbsp;Jakub Niebieszczański ,&nbsp;Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek ,&nbsp;Mariusz Lamentowicz ,&nbsp;Katarzyna Marcisz ,&nbsp;Karolina Leszczyńska ,&nbsp;Eliise Poolma ,&nbsp;Leeli Amon ,&nbsp;Siim Veski ,&nbsp;Piotr Kołaczek","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105408","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105408","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>During the Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age (ca. 1100–380 BCE), the lands of central-eastern Europe were inhabited by the people of Lusatian Urnfield culture (LUc). They started functioning in the 14th century BCE and erected special types of strongholds (defensive settlements). In this article, we aimed to examine if a relatively short-term process of building a stronghold might have been recorded in the palaeoenvironmental archive of the Linje mire situated near Gzin – a case study stronghold in central-north Poland. It is a pronounced structure in the landscape, but its chronology is estimated only on ceramics. Our multi-proxy palaeoecological research, confronted with the archaeological data, revealed that LUc people were present in the Gzin area at least from ca. 1040 cal. BCE. We estimated that a minimum of 20–35 ha of oak-dominated woodland should have been felled for timber consumed only for the stronghold rampart. Indeed, erecting of the stronghold was marked by a synchronous decline in <em>Quercus, Corylus avellana</em> and <em>Carpinus betulus</em> pollen values at ca. 870 cal. BCE, and coincident with increased climate instability of the 2.8 ka event. Our study suggests that humans were a significant factor enhancing the impact of the 2.8 ka event on the woodland ecosystem, as societal reaction required increased consumption of timber. Moreover, strongholds in prehistory, no matter time and location, might have significantly influenced woodland ecosystems, leaving the footprint even in remote palaeoecological archives.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105408"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145095604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}