Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Wooden remains from Kendale Hecala: insights into wood identification and archaeological context","authors":"Şakir Can ,&nbsp;Ünal Akkemik ,&nbsp;Şeyma Çiftçi","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105418","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105418","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Analyzing the species identification and procurement of materials from the wooden remains excavated from the archaeological site of Kendale Hecala, located along the Ambar Çay in the Upper Tigris Region, sheds light on the wood utilization practices and environmental interactions of the inhabitants of the settlement. The findings reveal the tree species prevalent in the first half of the 5th millennium BC flora, corresponding to contemporary analogues. Of the 24 wood samples collected during the 2020–21 excavations, 17 were successfully identified, including eight willow/poplar (<em>Salix/Populus</em> spp.) woods, four oak (<em>Quercus</em> spp.) woods, three ash (<em>Fraxinus</em> spp.) woods, and two elm (<em>Ulmus</em> spp.) woods. Most of the samples were mineralized wood, with only six being carbonized. Ten samples were linked to structural components such as walls, floors, and roofs; five were associated with various contexts; and two were used as fuel sources. The analysis indicates that the inhabitants markedly preferred willow/poplar, ash, and elm species found in wetland areas along the Ambar Çay, just 120 m from the settlement. This selection is consistent with the ’principle of least effort’, emphasizing the use of locally accessible and readily available resources. The choice of wood as a construction material appears to have been a deliberate decision made in specific contexts. These findings may provide valuable insights into environmental interactions, the use of wood for structural purposes, and the economic strategies that influenced the inhabitants’ material choices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105418"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145220099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Provenance attribution of lapis lazuli rocks processed at the Bronze age archaeological site of Shahr-i Sokhta (Iran)","authors":"Laura Guidorzi ,&nbsp;Marta Magalini ,&nbsp;Alessandro Re ,&nbsp;Alessandro Borghi ,&nbsp;Massimo Vidale ,&nbsp;Leonardo La Torre ,&nbsp;Valentino Rigato ,&nbsp;Quentin Lemasson ,&nbsp;Claire Pacheco ,&nbsp;Laurent Pichon ,&nbsp;Brice Moignard ,&nbsp;Pierre Couture ,&nbsp;Vladimir Palitsin ,&nbsp;Alessandro Lo Giudice","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105411","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105411","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the early 1970s, substantial evidence of lapis lazuli processing was discovered in the archaeological site of Shahr-i Sokhta (Sistan, Iran, about 3200–2300 BCE). 50 years later, the workshop areas of Shahr-i Sokhta are still the only scientifically excavated and extensively published lapis lazuli manufacturing context for the entire ancient Near East and Middle Asia. A substantial amount of lapis lazuli production waste, including chert microliths and debitage, lapis lazuli flakes, semi-processed lumps and unfinished or damaged beads, was discovered in local dumps onto abandoned dwellings. We report the results of the analysis of 16 waste fragments from the described contexts, using microscopic techniques such as optical microscopy, cold-cathodoluminescence imaging and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, and ion beam analyses. The provenance attribution is provided by the use of an established analytical protocol, based on the application of micro-Particle Induced X-ray Emission (µ-PIXE) and micro-Ion Beam Induced Luminescence (µ-IBIL) to single mineral phases inside the rock. Results indicate for more than half of the samples a univocal Badakhshan (Afghanistan) origin, strengthening with robust archaeometric evidence the hypothesis of a primary supply from the Sar-e Sang and neighbouring quarries during the early Bronze Age in Shahr-i Sokhta. The identification of at least one sample not ascribable to Badakhshan, but probably coming from Pamir mountains in South-West Gorno-Badakhshan (Tajikistan), about 130 km North-East of Sar-e Sang, is also discussed, as it supports a preliminary hypothesis of a multi-source network.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105411"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ochre for the Iberians. A review on characterisation and interpretation through spectroscopic techniques","authors":"Alberto Sánchez ,&nbsp;Manuel Montejo ,&nbsp;José-Alfonso Tuñón ,&nbsp;David-Jesús Parras","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105427","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105427","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Iberians were one of the most important peoples of the Iberian Peninsula and the Western Mediterranean during the Iron Age. Their complex political, social and economic organisation was accompanied by the development of a material culture and an aesthetic in which colour, especially red, and a pigment, ochre, played an outstanding role. In this paper, from an archaeometric perspective, we review and update our knowledge of the use and significance to the Iberians of ochre pigment: its composition, the materials to which it was applied and the analytical study methodology using spectroscopic techniques.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105427"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157873","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agricultural and animal husbandry practices at the Zijingshanlu site of the early Shang capital city in Zhengzhou, China: Stable isotope analysis of human and animal bones","authors":"Tianyang Gu ,&nbsp;Hui Deng ,&nbsp;Xiaomin Zeng ,&nbsp;Guoding Song ,&nbsp;Guowen Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105413","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105413","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of human and animal bones from the Zijingshanlu site in Zhengzhou Shang City reveal significant dietary diversity. The majority of the population primarily consumed C₄ foods, while a few individuals exhibited a mixed or C₃-based diet. This diversity not only reflects individual lifestyles but also underscores cultural interactions and the absorptive effects within Zhengzhou, the political center of the early Shang dynasty. Additionally, the varied animal diets indicate differentiated husbandry strategies, emphasizing the resource diversity and organizational control. The complex demographics and cultural richness of the city provide valuable insights into diet, resource utilization, and regional interactions in Shang society. Stable isotope analysis further demonstrates the continuity of livelihood strategies, changes in resource consumption, and ongoing population dynamics, offering key insights into the subsistence economy of the period.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105413"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Human dietary shifts reflect the impact of social turmoil during the 3rd to 6th centuries in the Guanzhong Region, China","authors":"Wei Gong ,&nbsp;Kexin Ren ,&nbsp;Xuwei Chen ,&nbsp;Yingliang Yang ,&nbsp;Haopeng Liu ,&nbsp;Chao Ning ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Wu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105300","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105300","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Wei, Jin, and Southern and Northern Dynasties (220–589 CE) in China were marked by frequent warfare, political fragmentation, and extensive ethnic integration, resulting in profound social and economic instability. To explore how such turmoil affected subsistence strategies in the Guanzhong region, we conducted stable isotope analysis of 58 human remains from the Dengjiapo cemetery in Xi'an, spanning the Wei-Jin, Sixteen Kingdoms, and Northern Wei periods. The results reveal a mixed C₃/C₄-based diet that remained relatively stable across centuries. However, <em>δ</em>¹⁵N values declined significantly during the Later Qin of the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Wei. This suggests reduced and unstable access to animal protein, probably reflecting the detrimental effects of warfare and social unrest on animal husbandry and living standards. In a broader temporal perspective, comparisons with isotopic data from the Eastern Zhou to the Sui periods indicate a gradual dietary transition from C₄ dominance to a mixed C₃/C₄ pattern. This shift likely reflects adaptive agricultural strategies under sustained instability, with increased reliance on C₃ foods to mitigate food shortages. These findings provide valuable isotopic evidence of dietary adaptations to social turmoil and environmental stress, offering new insights into how ancient communities in the Guanzhong region coped with economic and social challenges.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105300"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Phytolith analysis reveals crop structural changes from the late Peiligang to Shijiahe Cultural Periods (ca. 7.4–4.2 ka BP) at the Huangshan site in Nanyang Basin, Central China","authors":"Binggui Sun ,&nbsp;Yuzhang Yang ,&nbsp;Juncai Ma ,&nbsp;Wanli Lan ,&nbsp;Mengwei Li ,&nbsp;Yingxue Gong ,&nbsp;Juzhong Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105419","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105419","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Nanyang Basin is located in a traffic artery connecting the middle reaches of the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. It is a key region for investigating crop spread, population migration, and cultural exchanges between northern and southern China in prehistoric times. Owing to the lack of relevant plant archaeological materials, there remain many gaps in our understanding of the structural characteristics and evolution of crops from the Peiligang to Shijiahe culture (<em>ca</em>.9.0–4.2 ka BP) in this area. This study presents phytolith analysis of 53 soil samples from cultural layers, ash pits, and residential structures spanning the Peiligang to Shijiahe periods at the Huangshan site in the central basin, combined with AMS¹⁴C dating to reconstruct crop structure dynamics. Results indicate that in the late Peiligang period (<em>ca</em>.7.4–7.3 ka BP), rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) was the main crop, while the Early Yangshao to Shijiahe periods (<em>ca</em>.6.2–4.2 ka BP) witnessed mixed broomcorn millet (<em>Panicum miliaceum</em>), rice, and foxtail millet (<em>Setaria italica</em>) utilization with temporal variability. The entire Yangshao period site presented a crop pattern dominated by broomcorn millet supplemented with rice and millet. However, from the early to the late Yangshao period (<em>ca</em>.6.2–5.6 ka BP), the proportion of broomcorn millet in the crop structure continued to increase, whereas that of rice decreased significantly. The Qujialing period saw rice resurgence as the primary crop, accompanied by reduced dryland crops reliance. Although dryland crops rebounded slightly during Shijiahe, rice maintained dominance. Notably, foxtail millet, though present since Early Yangshao, never became a staple. Intriguingly, phytolith data from distinct dwellings revealed differential crop preferences among residents, likely linked to Huangshan’s role as a jade-handicraft center. Integrating archaeological and archaeobotanical evidence across the Nanyang Basin, we propose that these agricultural shifts reflect the alternating cultural influences of middle Yellow River and middle Yangze River societies, compounded by climatic-environmental changes. This research significantly advances understanding of prehistoric crop structure evolution and its drivers in transitional ecotones, central China.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105419"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Food and more than food: Potential anuran consumption at the Changshan site (AD 916–1234), Northeast China","authors":"Zhe Zhang ,&nbsp;Xiaohong Lv ,&nbsp;Zhongwei Jing ,&nbsp;Sen Lin ,&nbsp;Chunxue Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105421","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105421","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The presence of anuran motifs on Neolithic pottery and references in historical documents suggest the deep-rooted significance of anurans in China’s history, both economically and symbolically. However, the role of anurans in the subsistence economy remains underexamined in zooarchaeological research. This study presents zooarchaeological evidence of potential anuran consumption at the Changshan site in Lishu County, northeastern China. A total of 1350 anuran bones were recovered from Liao and Jin Dynasty (AD 916–1234) features, with more than 80% concentrated in trench G006. Most identified specimens belong to Ranidae (including <em>Pelophylax nigromaculatus</em> and Ranidae indet.), with limb bones being the most commonly represented elements. The predominance of a single species, the preference for limb bones, the male-biased sex ratio, and concentrated deposition suggest possible human selection and consumption. This study represents the first detailed zooarchaeological analysis of anuran remains in China and highlights the need for further comparative studies to better understand the historical use of anurans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105421"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Palynological assemblages from the excavated sediments of Gongsanseong Fortress: Implications for human–environment interactions","authors":"Sangheon Yi ,&nbsp;Seung Hyun Chun ,&nbsp;Hyun-Sook Lee ,&nbsp;Bonggu Jung ,&nbsp;Chang-Pyo Jun ,&nbsp;Jaesoo Lim ,&nbsp;Jin-Cheul Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105422","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105422","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, we investigated the paleoenvironment of the Gongsanseong Fortress during the Woongjin and early Sabi periods (ca. 475–600 CE) in the Baekje Kingdom using palynological and non-pollen palynomorph (NPP) data from 21 excavated soil samples. Pollen assemblages indicated a cool temperate climate characterized by a mixed forest composed of coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved trees. The presence of boreal (subalpine) elements such as <em>Abies, Picea</em>, and <em>Pinus</em> subgen. <em>Haploxylon</em> suggested localized or seasonal cold episodes, reflecting climate instability consistent with the broader Dark Age Cold Period (DACP; ca. 400–765 CE). Agricultural indicator taxa, including <em>Fagopyrum</em> (buckwheat), <em>Perilla</em>, <em>Cucurbita</em> (pumpkin), and <em>Oryza</em> (rice), were primarily recovered from the palace-related administrative complex. However, archaeological and environmental evidence suggested that these crops were not cultivated within the fortress, but were transported from surrounding farmlands for storage or ritual use. The thick rice straw layers (∼100 cm) and the associated fungal spores within the wooden storage features supported this interpretation. The NPP assemblages, including <em>Glomus</em>, freshwater algae, and aquatic invertebrate remains, revealed signs of soil erosion, stagnant water conditions, and active water management. These findings highlight the role of the fortress as a strategic administrative and hydrological hub during climatically unstable periods. Overall, this study demonstrates how environmental stress associated with the DACP may have influenced land use, food management, and social organization within the late Baekje society.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105422"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeobotanical analysis of a mountainous metallurgical settlement: Evidence from the Jicha site, Yunnan Province, Southwest China","authors":"Yuanyuan Gao ,&nbsp;Changcheng Hu ,&nbsp;Jie Fu ,&nbsp;Gaoyuan Pan ,&nbsp;Qionghui He ,&nbsp;Xinyi Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105394","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105394","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While there has been recent momentum in the understanding of subsistence strategies among prehistoric communities in southwest China, various mountainous regions, including northwest Yunnan, remain underexplored. To address this knowledge gap, we present new archaeobotanical evidence from Jicha, a Bronze Age settlement (1890–105 cal. BC) well known for its metallurgical activities. The study aims to elucidate the plant-based resource strategies that sustained complex craft production in this highland community. By analyzing plant macro-remains recovered through flotation, our results inform the understanding of diachronic changes in the ancient economy at Jicha. The initial settlement (1890 cal. BC) was sustained by the cultivation of rice (<em>Oryza sativa</em>) and millet (<em>Setaria italica</em>). Wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum</em>) was introduced around 1635–1280 cal. BC and rapidly adopted, becoming a key staple alongside rice. From 780–400 cal. BC, rice and wheat cultivation intensified, with millet as a supplement, ensuring a resilient food surplus. During the late occupational phase (400–105 cal. BC), rice and wheat remained dominant, while millet cultivation appears to have diminished. The integration of high-yield, high-demand cereals (rice and wheat) with ecologically hardy millet resulted in a multi-cropping farming system that exploited the varied landscape near Jicha. Such an economy perhaps may have played a role in sustaining the component of the society specialized in metal production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105394"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating the impacts of 4.2 ka and 3.2 ka BP climatic events on wheat and barley cultivation in the Bronze Age Kingdom of Mukish: Evidence from Tell Atchana and Toprakhisar Höyük (Hatay, Türkiye)","authors":"Ebrar Sinmez ,&nbsp;Evangelia Pişkin ,&nbsp;Murat Akar ,&nbsp;Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari ,&nbsp;Gilles Lepoint ,&nbsp;K. Aslıhan Yener ,&nbsp;Ulaş Avşar","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105420","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105420","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the impact of 4.2 ka and 3.2 ka BP climatic events on the agricultural practices of the Bronze Age Kingdom of Mukish by evaluating wheat and barley remains in archaeobotanical data sets acquired from two sites, Tell Atchana (Alalakh), a capital city, and Toprakhisar Höyük, a periphery site, both located in the Hatay province of southern Türkiye. The aim of this study is to determine whether, and to what extent, these climatic events affected the local agricultural strategies. Stable carbon isotope analysis on wheat and barley grains was also carried out to examine the water conditions under which the plants were grown. The findings demonstrated a shift toward drought tolerant barley at Toprakhisar at the end of the 3rd millennium BC, and at Tell Atchana between 1350 and 1200 BCE. Isotopic evidence indicated water stress at Toprakhisar from the beginning of the 2nd millennium BC and at Atchana during the latest phases of the LBA. The timing of shifts in crop preferences and the traces of water stress suggest a response to increasing aridity associated with the 4.2 ka BP and 3.2 ka BP climatic events. At Toprakhisar, the occupation seems to flourish in the corresponding period. By contrast, at Atchana, Hittite administrative control may have further influenced agricultural strategies to buffer the impacts of the 3.2 ka BP event by prioritizing barley production and investments in irrigation as mentioned in the textual sources. Overall, the findings highlighted the drought coping mechanisms adopted by the communities, rather than a total collapse of their agricultural systems during times of environmental variability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"67 ","pages":"Article 105420"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145157878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}