Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"Grotta della Lea, a new Early Epigravettian site in southern Italy (Uluzzo Bay)","authors":"Giulia Marciani ,&nbsp;Antonino Vazzana ,&nbsp;Owen Alexander Higgins ,&nbsp;Ivan Martini ,&nbsp;Gabriele Terlato ,&nbsp;Simone Severi ,&nbsp;Sara Silvestrini ,&nbsp;Matteo Romandini ,&nbsp;Gruppo Speleologico Neretino ,&nbsp;Francesco Berna ,&nbsp;Francesco Iacono ,&nbsp;Lucio Calcagnile ,&nbsp;Gianluca Quarta ,&nbsp;Adriana Moroni ,&nbsp;Stefano Benazzi","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Grotta della Lea, discovered in the 1970s, is located in the Municipality of Nardò (LE), southern Italy, and has been systematically investigated only in recent years. This cave remains an untouched environment, ideal for the application of modern analytical methodologies from the beginning of its excavation. Its unexplored status, combined with its proximity to other significant Palaeolithic sites such as Grotta del Cavallo and Grotta-Riparo di Uluzzo C, renders it a promising site for our understanding of the Palaeolithic in Italy.</div><div>Earliest results from the initial four years of investigations at Grotta della Lea brought to light both Upper Palaeolithic and Copper-Bronze Age human occupations. This paper is aimed at presenting Grotta della Lea for the first time, focusing on preliminary information about the site formation processes, the characteristics of the stratigraphic succession, and the establishment of both relative and absolute chronologies according to the initial results of a comprehensive AMS radiocarbon dating programme. Central to this research is also the analysis of pottery and lithic artefacts as well as the taphonomic and taxonomic assessment of macro mammal remains.</div><div>The study of the lithic industry from the Palaeolithic deposit highlighted the production of shouldered backed bladelets and points on high-quality chert, which are typologically and technologically indicative of an advanced phase of the Early Epigravettian. This attribution is corroborated by radiocarbon dating between 21,821–18,281 cal. BP, aligning with the timeline for the Early Epigravettian in Italy. In the Palaeolithic occupation, the large mammal association revealed an abundance of equids and large bovids, along with several carnivore, leporid, turtle and bird remains. Taphonomic analysis highlighted the occurrence of butchery marks, but also some carnivore activity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 105064"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studying the similarity of bronze vessel pattern types from the Shang and Zhou dynasties using feature vectors of deep learning","authors":"Danqi Hu ,&nbsp;Wei Qian ,&nbsp;Dong Wei ,&nbsp;Jiangyun Li ,&nbsp;Jia You ,&nbsp;Haoran Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research on bronze vessel patterns relied heavily on scholars’ experience, observation and subjective judgment of the characteristics of the patterns of typical samples to categorize and discuss their types and relationship. This approach has resulted in varying viewpoints among scholars. Notably, the origin and evolution of the Qiequ (窃曲) pattern has consistently been a contentious issue among them. The key issue in investigating the relationship between bronze vessel patterns is the absence of a replicable and objective methodology for describing them. To address this, this article introduces the “Model with Genes and No Boundaries (MGNB)”, a framework designed to elucidate the evolution of these patterns. We employed a new method rooted in artificial intelligence, utilizing deep learning feature vectors, to quantitatively describe the relationships between individual patterns and their types. This approach was applied to a dataset of 16,623 bronze vessel pattern samples from the Shang (商) and Zhou (周) dynasties (ca. 1600–256 BCE). We trained the dataset using the ResNet50 residual network, extracting 16,520 correctly predicted sample feature vectors and reducing their dimensionality through UMAP and t-SNE methods. To quantitatively compare samples and their types, we employed Jaccard similarity. Through similarity analysis across different periods, we posit that the evolution of the Qiequ pattern unfolded in three distinct stages: an initial stage of emergence and political selection during the late Shang Dynasty and the early Western Zhou Dynasty, followed by a surge stage characterized by ritual reform during the middle Western Zhou Dynasty, and finally, a stable stage of culture consolidation thereafter. The result has revealed significant differences in similarity among the three identified stages, pointing to distinct replication and hybridization trajectories occurring at various stages, demonstrating the interaction between pattern and human activities. The similarity of feature vectors makes the MGNB model interpretable and provides clues for the study of cultural exchange.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"63 ","pages":"Article 105068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143562513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategy and Ideology through ZooMS: Insights from Palaeolithic and prehistoric bone tools","authors":"Abigail Desmond","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105072","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105072","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>ZooMS (Zooarchaeoology by Mass Spectrometry) is a biomolecular technique for determining the taxon of origin for archaeological bone and osseous tool assemblages. ZooMS helps identify patterns in taxa selection, giving evidence of strategies in Palaeolithic and prehistoric industries. When situated within a <em>chaîne opératoire</em> perspective, ZooMS analysis can reveal opportunistic, technologically strategic, or ideologically strategic raw material selection patterns. In doing so, ZooMS uncovers otherwise imperceptible practices and processes at Palaeolithic and prehistoric timescales, and spotlights strategic and ideological dimensions of otherwise technological artifact classes. This review outlines a rationale and pathways for integrating ZooMS into wider studies of social decision making and environmental understanding in the deep human past.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105072"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pointing out the pattern: Modelling human-environmental dynamics in Etruria during the 1st millennium BCE","authors":"Camilla Zeviani ,&nbsp;Giacomo Bilotti ,&nbsp;Charles Simmons ,&nbsp;Simon Stoddart","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper analyses settlement patterns using data from several archaeological surveys in Central Italy over the last 70 years, focussing on the Orientalising, Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic periods (700–30 BCE). The first two in particular represent a crucial time for the development of Etruscan urban, social, and economic structures. Employing Point Pattern Analysis (PPA), we investigate site location patterns, environmental covariate relationships, and land suitability, examining variations over time. These centuries witnessed significant landscape restructuring, with Bronze Age settlements giving way to larger, defensively positioned sites, marking the emergence of Etruscan metropoles. The consolidation of urban, social, and political structures peaked between the 7th and 6th centuries BCE, driven by land and resource exploitation. However, the 5th century saw site contraction due to declining maritime supremacy and Rome’s rising influence, with the northern sector adapting more successfully. Despite the uneven application of PPA in Etruscan archaeology, its integration offers deeper insights into Etruscan settlement patterns. Our study leverages advanced computational methods and Free and Open-Source Software to provide robust, updated analyses, contributing to the evolving interdisciplinary landscape of Etruscan studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Death and burial of a set of fraternal twins from Tragurium: An osteobiographical approach","authors":"Anna Osterholtz ,&nbsp;Mario Novak ,&nbsp;Mario Carić ,&nbsp;Lujana Paraman","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105071","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105071","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Excavation of small portions of two cemeteries in ancient <em>Tragurium</em> (the <em>Tragurium</em> communal necropolis at the Dobrić site (TCN: 1st to 6th century CE) and a probable Roman villa site at Dragulin (VR: end of 1st century BCE to 4th century CE) in modern Trogir, Croatia, were conducted as rescue excavations in 2011, 2016, and 2020. In this case study, we focus on a single burial of two individuals from the VR cemetery buried between the end of 1st and end of 2nd century CE using an osteobiographical approach. These individuals, both aged between birth and 2 months, were buried within the same grave and were likely facing each other within the grave space. They were buried in a single event, suggesting that they died at the same time, possibly as stillbirths. Genetically, they have been determined to be fraternal twins, one female and one male. Within this article, we present detailed pathological and archaeological context for these burials in addition to genetic and isotopic results that begin to paint a picture of life and death within the Early Roman <em>Tragurium</em>. Paleopathological and isotopic analyses provide further insights, indicating significant metabolic disease and a typical Roman diet with marine and C3 foods. The osteobiographical approach, involving the integration of archaeological, bioarchaeological, paleopathological, and chemical analyses, offers a more comprehensive understanding of life and death in Early Roman <em>Tragurium</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105071"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tree-ring analysis and absolute dating of a wooden water-drain installation from the Late Bronze Age underground spring chamber of Oymaağaç Höyük/Nerik, Türkiye","authors":"Y. Özarslan ,&nbsp;D.P. Mielke ,&nbsp;A. Christopoulou ,&nbsp;R.M. Czichon ,&nbsp;T. Ważny","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>At the archaeological site of Oymaağaç Höyük, located in the Turkish province of Samsun and home to the ruins of the Hittite cult city of Nerik, an exceptional underground construction complex was excavated between 2009 and 2019. The building complex, dating back to the Late Bronze Age/Hittite period, consists of a long staircase leading into a chamber with an artificial spring. In the chamber, which lies around nine metres below the present surface level and in the groundwater horizon, a large number of ancient wood finds have come to light that have been preserved in a low-oxygen environment. A particular highlight was the discovery of a wooden structure installed into the chamber and likewise dating back to the Late Bronze Age/Hittite period, which can be interpreted as a water-drain installation. The meticulously preserved wooden structure consisted of two massive blocks encasing a holed trunk, likely serving as a controlled water outlet. Along with the spring chamber, this unique installation provided crucial insights into ancient wood use, water management, and cultic practices. This article presents the results of the first dendroarchaeological analysis of the wooden installation conducted by the Balkan-Aegean Dendrochronology Project (BAD Project). The analysis aimed to identify the wood type used for the installation and establish an absolute date for its construction. Wood anatomical analysis identified the species as <em>Pinus brutia</em>, indicating local timber usage. Radiocarbon dating and wiggle-matching modelling placed the installation’s construction between 1525 and 1426 BCE, corroborating an earlier 14C dating. Despite challenges in cross-dating, these findings offer a crucial anchor for understanding the Late Bronze Age settlement of Nerik and its broader historical context, shedding light on socio-historical dynamics and cultural practices in the Central Black Sea Region. The absence of overlapping reference chronologies from the region underscores the need for further regional dendrochronological research for which our study lays the first foundations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143527468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of early Iron age glass beads (8th to 7th c. BC) from the Tsaishi necropolis (Georgia)","authors":"Vachadze Gvantsa ,&nbsp;Gratuze Bernard","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105066","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105066","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present the analytical results obtained by LA-ICP-MS from a set of 38 glass beads of various colours dating from the 8th to the first half of the 7th century BCE, found at Tsaishi cemetery, located in the central area of historical Colchis (Georgia).</div><div>Through the comparison with published analytical data of coeval, earlier and later glass samples, the aim of this study is to investigate the provenance of Tsaishi assemblages in order to highlight the cultural influences and trading networks of the Colchis community between the 8th and the 7th centuries BC.</div><div>Tsaishi glass beads predate previously studied glass beads from Brili necropolis, located in the mountainous part of Colchis (North-west Georgia). In contrast to the compositions of the Brili glasses, the measurements of the Tsaishi glass beads do not allow for the identification of the well-established Iron Age compositional groups. Furthermore, in contrast to the other Early Iron Age sites, they do not appear to indicate the presence of typical Egyptian or Syro-Palestinian natron glass productions. Although our assemblage shows considerable compositional variability, it highlights the existence of a new group of glass recently identified in Italy and characterised by a positive cerium anomaly, as well as a group of high boron and lithium glasses. However, despite the large variation in contents for minor elements, colourless and purple glass are all part of the same group.</div><div>Comparison with other Early Iron Age glass studies points to a fairly complex situation, probably due to small scale production of raw glass and glass beads, the multitude of production sites and the diversity of recipes used by glass workers at the beginning of the first millennium B.C.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105066"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143520397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsung Heroes of Cahokian Cuisine: Materials and methods for maize nixtamalization in southwestern Illinois","authors":"Alleen Betzenhauser ,&nbsp;Madeleine Evans","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>People who rely on maize for significant portions of their diets must process it to improve its nutritional quality, or risk severe malnutrition. A common method historically employed throughout the Western Hemisphere consisted of soaking maize kernels in an alkaline solution created from wood ash or burned carbonate material (e.g., limestone or shell), a technique referred to as nixtamalization. Recent research on pottery and limestone recovered from the East St. Louis site (11S706) by the Illinois State Archaeological Survey (ISAS) during an Illinois Department of Transportation (IDOT) project has yielded intriguing new data indicating nixtamalization was also practiced in the American Bottom of present-day Illinois as Cahokia grew to prominence as the first and largest Indigenous city north of Mesoamerica (ca. 900–1100 CE). A pilot study was conducted employing portable X-ray fluorescence, analyses of morphological variability and depositional contexts of archaeological samples of stumpware, and experimental use of stumpware replicas. The results of this study indicate Cahokian Mississippians and their Terminal Late Woodland predecessors nixtamalized maize using such seemingly mundane materials as locally available limestone and crude pottery utensils known as stumpware.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Woodland around Early Neolithic settlement in the Carpathian Foothills. A charcoal analysis from Biskupice site 18 (southern Poland)","authors":"Magdalena Moskal-del Hoyo ,&nbsp;Marta Korczyńska-Cappenberg ,&nbsp;Anna Głód","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The archaeological excavations at Biskupice site 18 uncovered the remains of at least five Early Neolithic houses associated with the Linear Pottery Culture. This site represents the earliest known stable settlement in the Wieliczka Foothills, dating back to approximately 5200–5000 BCE, marking the initial presence of agrarian societies in this region of the Carpathian Foothills. At Early Neolithic sites located in loess areas, the density of plant remains, including wood charcoal, is typically low per litre of sediment. To obtain a representative sample of anthracological material, a large number of samples were collected during the excavation from all archaeological features. In total, 1,453 samples, amounting to 4,359 L of sediment, were analysed. Despite this extensive effort, only over 2,450 charcoal fragments were recovered. However, these fragments provided sufficient data to reconstruct the local vegetation. This study discusses two possible phases of occupation, highlighting the dominance of oak (<em>Quercus</em> sp.) and ash (<em>Fraxinus excelsior</em>), which are the most abundant taxa, alongside a relatively high percentage of maple (<em>Acer</em> sp.) and hazel (<em>Corylus avellana</em>). A slight shift in wood charcoal composition is observed between the older and younger phases, with an increase in pine (<em>Pinus sylvestris</em>) and members of the Rosaceae family, suggesting changes in wood availability or a growing openness of the local woodlands. The anthracological analysis indicates that the primary vegetation types include mixed deciduous forests with oak-dominated communities in higher elevations, and oak-ash-elm woodlands along watercourses. The data suggest that ash played a prominent role in the deciduous woodlands of the local foothills during the Atlantic phase, a phenomenon that has not previously been observed at Early Neolithic archaeological sites in the Carpathian Foothills.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105063"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Archaeometric analysis of marbles located in the construction of the roof from the Traianeum of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain)","authors":"Sebastián Vargas-Vázquez ,&nbsp;Esther Ontiveros-Ortega ,&nbsp;José Beltrán-Fortes","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, an archaeometric study undertaken on the marble materials that were part of the roof of the <em>Traianeum</em> of Italica (Santiponce, Seville, Spain) is presented. This is one of the most important buildings in Italica from the Hadrianic period. The materials analyzed consist of imbrices, fragments of tegula, and a gargoyle belonging to the cornice of this building. Its objective is to identify the origin of the marble used in its production and consequently expand our knowledge about the use of stone materials in the <em>Traianeum</em>. The petrographic, geochemical, and isotopic (C and O) analyses of the samples were compared with data from other pieces from the <em>Traianeum</em>, previously studied, as well as with material stone from local quarries of Almadén de la Plata (Seville), among others. The results indicate the use of Carrara marble in the elaboration of the Sanctuary’s roofs and confirm the importance of this material in <em>Italica</em> in Hadrian’s time. The application of a multi-method approach has made it possible to establish criteria for the differentiation between these marbles, in which geochemical and isotopic data play a key role. Geochemical differences have been observed in the Carrara marble used in the construction of the temple and the portico, and there is a need to use several chemical analysis methods in combination to cover the widest range of detection of both major and trace chemical elements. Finally, the importance of prior knowledge of archaeological materials, their proper registration, and setting is indicated since, due to the overlapping of data that may be presented by the different analysis techniques, these aspects may be key to the correct identification of the origin of the marbles of antiquity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"62 ","pages":"Article 105065"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-02-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143478892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}