Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports最新文献

{"title":"New evidence for long distance interaction at Keros: Carnelian bead analysis using scanning electron microscopy","authors":"Geoffrey Ludvik ,&nbsp;J.Mark Kenoyer ,&nbsp;Elisavet Vergeraki ,&nbsp;Michael J. Boyd ,&nbsp;Colin Renfrew","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105120","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105120","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent investigation of materials from the enigmatic Cycladic sites of Kavos and Dhaskalio have greatly expanded our understanding of the Early Bronze Age Aegean world. Here the authors examine six carnelian beads from these sites to reconstruct their production sequence and possible regional origin. Analysis of microscopic indications of bead production methods allowed a high-resolution reconstruction of the technologies involved at each step. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to examine silicone impressions of drill holes made from these beads. This served to document the characteristic tool marks used to perforate the Keros and Dhaskalio beads. When compared to the SEM images of experimentally-reproduced drillings and those from beads whose drilling agents have already been identified, the identification of the types of drills used was possible. Since different production methods and drilling styles are diagnostic of different regional craft traditions it was then possible, using an interregional comparative study, to suggest the workshop traditions of origin for these beads. Results indicate that long distance import was likely for most of these beads while two may have been produced more locally in Anatolia. Of special significance is the one carnelian bead from Dhaskalio that we demonstrate derived from the Indus Valley craft tradition, perforated with a distinctly Indus-style drill and made in a shape common among Indus-affiliated beads. This in turn has major implications regarding the connectivity of the early Keros and Dhaskalio community.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105120"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143815647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interregional networks in the late Viking Age? Insights from a burned pit house in the Viking-Age town of Aros, present-day Aarhus, Denmark (ca. 980 CE)","authors":"Welmoed A. Out ,&nbsp;Jacob Kveiborg ,&nbsp;Peter M. Jensen ,&nbsp;Casper S. Andersen ,&nbsp;Mila Andonova-Katsarski ,&nbsp;Neeke Hammers ,&nbsp;Marie Kanstrup ,&nbsp;Kenneth C. Ritchie ,&nbsp;Cecilie Stenner ,&nbsp;Jette Linaa","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105096","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105096","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Viking Age was a dynamic period, with local centres and urban sites engaging to varying degrees in local, regional and interregional networks. While the role of certain northern towns in these networks is relatively well-known and the related knowledge up to date, other towns appear to have received comparatively little recent attention. This study aims to investigate the role of the Viking-Age town of Aros, present-day Aarhus, situated on the eastern coast of Jutland, Denmark, in interregional networks, by means of the interdisciplinary study of a rare context, excavated in 2009: a well-preserved burned pit house at the site of Bispetorv, dated to the late 10th century CE. What does the archaeological assemblage tell about the house and its occupants, what can be said about resource exploitation, and to what extent were the occupants of the late Viking-Age pit house involved in long-distance trade?</div><div>The study of the pit house at Bispetorv is based on an interdisciplinary approach, including analysis of inorganic artefacts, zooarchaeological remains, macrobotanical remains and carbonised wood collected from multiple layers, supported by a substantial number of radiocarbon dates. The outcomes are presented within the framework of other comparable published and unpublished sites in and nearby Aarhus including Søndervold and Skt. Clemens Stræde, as well as with other Viking-Age towns in northern Europe.</div><div>The analysis of Bispetorv reveals a predominance of artefacts and ecofacts associated with regional networks, with scant evidence of contacts with the Baltic Sea coast. While these results match the findings from other sites in Aarhus, and are comparable to other local centres, they are in apparent contrast to larger urban centres such as Ribe, Hedeby and Kaupang. Further research, based on a variety of methods, will have to show to what degree the currently available bioarchaeological results from Aarhus are representative for the remaining parts of the urban centre and to what extent long-distance contacts evolved over time.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105096"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800029","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Demographic history of early centralized societies: A biodistance study on prehistoric Anatolia","authors":"Demet Delibaş ,&nbsp;N. Ezgi Altınışık ,&nbsp;Marin A. Pilloud ,&nbsp;M. Melis Koruyucu ,&nbsp;Yılmaz Selim Erdal","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The emergence of urbanization and centralized authority in the Early Bronze Age marks the most significant transformation in Southwest Asia since the Neolithic transition. Political centralization and social stratification, which originated in Southern Mesopotamia, spread to surrounding regions through long-distance interactions, especially trading relations. Anatolia experienced these shifts dynamically during both the Neolithic and Early Bronze Age. While the archaeological aspects of these changes have long been well-documented, their biological impact through ancient DNA analysis has gained more interest in recent years. This study investigates whether patterns of increased genetic diversity and homogenization observed in archaeogenomic data are consistent with biodistance analyses based on dental morphological data, and assesses the impact of lifestyle changes during the Late Chalcolithic-Early Bronze Age on biocultural interactions in Anatolia and its surroundings. Biodistance analysis was conducted on human skeletal remains from six archaeological sites in Anatolia, spanning the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age, using crown and cervical mesiodistal and buccolingual measurements alongside 36 dental nonmetric traits defined in ASUDAS. Heterogeneity and evenness analyses, Mean Measure of Divergence, Gower’s Coefficient, and Mahalanobis Distances for Multivariate Mixed Data analyses were applied to dental morphological data. The results reveal increased genetic diversity and phenotypic similarity following the Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. These findings align with patterns seen in archaeogenomic studies which indicate gene flow occurred before cultural diffusion associated with urbanization.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143800030","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Behind the mask − Archaeometric analysis of four gilded Romano-Egyptian mummy masks from the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen","authors":"Tuuli Kasso ,&nbsp;Caterina Zaggia ,&nbsp;Gianluca Pastorelli ,&nbsp;Max Ramsøe ,&nbsp;Matthew J. Collins ,&nbsp;Cecilie Brøns","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105106","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105106","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the materials and production techniques involved in the creation of four gilded mummy masks from Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt from the collections of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. These masks, dating from the 1st century BCE to the 2nd century CE, are an example of the dual existence of a traditional Egyptian style and newly introduced Roman stylistic elements in funerary art. Various analytical methods, including imaging, FTIR, SEM-EDS, and palaeoproteomic analysis, were employed to identify and examine the composition of the materials. The main constructive material for the masks is plaster made of gypsum and calcite. Red and yellow ochre were used for the preparation layers for the gilding, which was made with silver-containing gold leaf. Four masks is not representative of major developments in gilding techniques, but the study does reveal information about the materials and production techniques available in Roman Egypt.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MicroCT-based dental age estimation: Method comparison of the London Atlas and regression equations for deciduous and permanent teeth applied on central European infants of the 19th century","authors":"Karoline M. Reich ,&nbsp;Patrick Heimel ,&nbsp;Stefan Lettner ,&nbsp;Johannes Kirchner ,&nbsp;Stefan Tangl","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105105","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105105","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Tooth mineralisation and alveolar eruption show a strong temporal correlation with the chronological age of sub-adults and thus represent a valuable asset for age estimation in archaeology and forensic science. Despite the vast number of various dental age estimation methods published, evidence-based comparison of their degree of accuracy is lacking.</div><div>This study aimed (1) to evaluate if µCT scans are a reliable alternative to conventional techniques for tooth length measurements and (2) to compare the accuracy and reliability of the London Atlas of Tooth Development and Eruption with six well-established regression methods for age estimation of subadults.</div></div><div><h3>Material and Methods</h3><div>Forty-two skulls of a Central European osteological collection of the early 19th century (known age at death 7 months in utero–11 years) were scanned with µCT to estimate dental age via London Atlas-classification and regression equations based on deciduous and permanent tooth length measurements.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Tooth length measurements via µCT proved to be a technically feasible method with an excellent agreement with caliper measurements.Regression equations of Liversidge (1993) and Cardoso (2019) for the deciduous dentition and London atlas yielded the most accurate age estimates (prediction errors: 0.20–0.30 years). Regression equations for permanent teeth were less accurate; however, performance was improved when their application was restricted to individuals ≤ 3 years of age. Most accurate age estimates for single teeth were achieved for deciduous incisors, canines and first molars.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>µCT extends the spectrum of tools available for tooth length assessment. While regression equations for deciduous teeth represent a reliable age estimation method for younger individuals, the London Atlas outperforms the regression equations for permanent teeth. It thus can be considered a preferred alternative to estimate age in older individuals (&gt;3 years) with an adequate state of conservation. A higher weighting of the first mineralising deciduous teeth can contribute to further improving the accuracy of the London Atlas.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105105"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bronze Age agropastoral management in central Cyprus and along the Jordan Rift","authors":"Patricia L. Fall ,&nbsp;Steven E. Falconer ,&nbsp;Elizabeth Ridder ,&nbsp;Suzanne E. Pilaar Birch ,&nbsp;Mary C. Metzger ,&nbsp;Steven Porson","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105119","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105119","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We compare ancient landscapes and agropastoral management in a variety of environmental settings in the Eastern Mediterranean. Agropastoral practices are inferred across Early and Middle Bronze Age landscapes based on evidence excavated from four rural settlements in the northern Jordan Valley (Tell el-Hayyat, Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj), the Dead Sea Basin (Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1), and the Troodos foothills of Cyprus (Politiko-<em>Troullia</em>). Comparative analyses using AMS dating, carbonized seed to charcoal ratios, charcoal, seed and bone frequencies, and stable isotope ratios (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) from seeds and animal bone collagen enable discussion of contrasting natural and agrarian landscapes. Villages in the Jordan Valley burned dung fuel along with wood from riparian trees, while wood from desert trees was utilized near the Dead Sea, and pine, oak, and olive trees provided fuel in central Cyprus. Bone assemblages reveal animal husbandry based on high frequencies of sheep and goats, supplemented by domestic pigs at Tell el-Hayyat and Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj. Politiko-<em>Troullia</em> is distinguished by the hunting of deer and feral pigs as inferred from stable isotope analysis of bone collagen. Plant cultivation strategies are inferred from δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C, which have similar values for cereals and pulses at Tell el-Hayyat and Tell Abu en-Ni‘aj despite different environmental conditions and societal contexts. Values of δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C from barley and wheat at Zahrat adh-Dhra‘ 1 suggest the greatest amount of management (irrigation and manuring), while plant cultivation at Politiko-<em>Troullia</em> involved olive arboriculture and little management of cereals. Ancient plants and animals illuminate the herding, hunting, and cultivation practices that helped mold ancient Eastern Mediterranean landscapes, often in response to environmental stress.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105119"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A geochemical survey of the Antas Valley, Sardinia: Medieval metallurgy and modern slag recycling?","authors":"N. Minvielle Larousse ,&nbsp;E. Brodie ,&nbsp;G. Geltner ,&nbsp;H. Gopnik ,&nbsp;F. Sanna ,&nbsp;C. Tomczyk","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105114","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105114","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geochemical surveys of the Antas Valley in Sardinia, Italy, have revealed significant zinc and lead concentrations along the Antas River floodplains, suggesting the presence of medieval ore-processing workshops which are otherwise hard to detect. While the zinc concentrations were found to be dispersed and probably related to the erosion of zinc-rich dolomite, the lead concentrations were more localised on the banks of the river, suggesting an anthropogenic origin. Three large concentrations of lead were found to coincide with deposits of black glassy slag, a by-product of ore processing. Analysis of the slag revealed a high lead content (around 75%) and very low zinc content, which along with historical research suggests either medieval ore processing for silver and/or 19th-century slag recycling. The near absence of zinc in the slag supports the 19th-century recycling hypothesis, as this period saw an increased demand for silver, lead and zinc and the development of processes to extract it from older slag. Further research, including dating of the slag and excavation of the lead-enriched areas, is required to confirm the origin of the slag deposits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stone trowels during the Mid-Late Yangshao period (ca. 4000–3000 BCE) uncovered from Central China","authors":"Chaoming Wu ,&nbsp;Yiliang Li ,&nbsp;Yu Ye ,&nbsp;Juanying Xiao ,&nbsp;Qian Wu ,&nbsp;Wanfa Gu ,&nbsp;Siran Liu ,&nbsp;Guoding Song","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105110","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105110","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The process of building construction is perceived as a significant question of study on Neolithic settlements, as well as anthropogenic lime by pyrotechnology. However, the handstone tool for plastering has not received much attention. Samples of wall plaster with lime powder and certain handstones with residues of lime were unearthed at Mid-Late Yangshao Cultural sites in Central China. This study focuses on the investigation of handstones by employing scientific analysis, including Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), use-wear analysis by high quality digital microscope, and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Two wall plaster samples, which were cut into 13 specimens, and 12 handstones with white residues were analyzed. The results revealed that the lime powder on wall plaster consists of anthropogenic calcined calcite, the handstone was likely used for plaster application by use-wear analysis, and FTIR spectroscopy confirmed the similarity in calcined calcite composition of the lime powder from wall plaster and surfaces of handstones. These findings not only offer a comprehensive understanding about the stone tools for applying plaster in Neolithic China, which are identified as stone trowels, but also expand the category of handstones significantly.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105110"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cleaning your tools doesn’t mean that the tools are clean. A qualitative and quantitative perspective using confocal microscopy","authors":"Anna Francès-Abellán ,&nbsp;Juan Luis Fernández-Marchena ,&nbsp;Andreu Ollé","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105121","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105121","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Use-wear analysis has traditionally been criticised for relying heavily on subjective interpretation of the marks present on artefact surfaces. In recent years, confocal technology has started to make it possible to quantify and partially resolve this subjectivity. However, certain methodological aspects of great relevance for the analysis, such as the cleanliness of the pieces, have been significantly underestimated. This work aims to quantitatively verify whether qualitatively reliable − although not perfect- cleaning processes can modify the roughness readings of the surface of the tools. For this, 3D ISO 25178 parameters were analysed on an experimental rock crystal sample obtained with a confocal optical LED profilometer. The differences that we have found indicate the need not only to wash the samples, but also to check the degree of cleanliness of the materials once they are washed, which leads to the qualitative and especially quantitative importance of an adequate cleaning procedure before analysing the materials.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Wood fuel use in the Predynastic Upper Egypt Nile Valley","authors":"Ranran Zhang ,&nbsp;Peter Kováčik ,&nbsp;Kathryn A. Bard ,&nbsp;John M. Marston","doi":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105092","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jasrep.2025.105092","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Predynastic cultures (4th millennium BCE) of the Nile Valley, especially the Naqada Culture of Upper Egypt, are documented mainly from excavated cemeteries, with few settlements excavated. Wood charcoal assemblages from two Naqada sites in the Nile Valley, Halfiah Gibli (HG) and Semaineh (SH), elucidate woodland ecology, economic strategies for fuel gathering and use, and human impacts on wood resource availability over time. Using traditional and dendroanthracological analyses to identify, quantify, and characterize these remains, we identify several lines of evidence that indicate that high-quality local fuel sources, mainly tamarisk and acacia, were abundant and low-effort gathering strategies were sufficient to meet local fuel needs. We find no evidence for human impacts on woodland structure over time and suggest this was due to low population density in the region throughout the 4th millennium BCE.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48150,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Archaeological Science-Reports","volume":"64 ","pages":"Article 105092"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143785809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}