Gender Work and Organization最新文献

{"title":"Feminist Lens on Gender Roles in Entrepreneurial Intention and Implementation","authors":"Jakub Golik,&nbsp;Julita E. Wasilczuk","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13246","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13246","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Based on social feminist theory, post-structural feminism and gender-role orientation (GRO) (masculinity, femininity and androgyny), the aim of this research is to study the entrepreneurial process through the lenses of both biological sex and socially constructed gender, in order to disentangle their effects and to shed new light on the process. Secondly, we aim to push forward the research on the early-stage entrepreneurial process by going beyond entrepreneurial intention. We achieve this by including the entrepreneurial implementation intention construct as an important intermediate step between intention and actual action, thus filling the intention–action gap. We propose a model of the entrepreneurial process consisting of four ordered elements, namely: general risk propensity, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, entrepreneurial intention, and entrepreneurial implementation intention. In order to verify the model and to investigate the influence of gender-role orientations on each of the model's constituents, we employ structural equation modeling. Additionally, we use multigroup analysis to compare males and females. This is done on a group of more than 670 students from Polish and Latvian technical universities. Our research empirically confirms the proposed model of the entrepreneurial process. Biological sex influences risk propensity and entrepreneurial intention while having no impact on entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial implementation intention. Using GRO provides more insight as we observe that among all individuals masculine GRO reinforces all elements of the entrepreneurial process, whereas feminine GRO does not, with the exception of perceived risk propensity, but only among females. Finally, androgynous GRO has the most varied effect out of all three GROs. Both theoretical approaches explain the lower entrepreneurial intentions of women, which are due to early socialization and experiences shaping social gender, as well as the attribution of entrepreneurship to the male sphere of activity. Finally, our study shows that using both biological sex and social gender concurrently provides more insights.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1523-1539"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing the Unwanted: An Application of Dispositional Analysis on the Athena SWAN Initiative in UK Business Schools","authors":"Shamima Haque,&nbsp;Thereza Raquel Sales de Aguiar,&nbsp;Keith A. Bender","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13247","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The Athena SWAN initiative proposes to address gender equality and diversity (E&amp;D) in higher education settings. This research examines how Athena SWAN is organized as a means of controlling gender E&amp;D in the context of UK Business Schools. It involves deductive thematic analysis of secondary (Athena SWAN applications) and primary data (semi-structured interviews). Through the lens of dispositional analysis, we explore the interplay between Foucault's dispositive modalities of law, discipline and dispositives of security involved in the Athena SWAN initiative. We find significant problems in the way these modalities interact with Athena SWAN. There is often a disconnection between the individual, departmental and institutional motivations that affect disciplinary mechanisms, such as the self-evaluation conducted by the self-assessment team (SAT). Strategic decisions are typically centralized at the university level, emphasizing achieving optimal levels of inequality comparable with the sector which is in line with accreditations, rankings and funding requirements. This often leads to problems related to a lack of control and clear accountability procedures. The results of this study suggest that Athena SWAN creates a space for self-governing and visibility of gender E&amp;D practices. However, without legal structures there has been limited progress in advancing this agenda because discipline and security take over by establishing a new “normative” level based on optimization. Legal structures can destabilize the “normative” optimum level of current E&amp;D practices, opening new possibilities for discipline to prevent the unwanted.</p>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1540-1555"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwao.13247","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Don't Work for Soyciety:” Involuntary Celibacy and Unemployment","authors":"AnnaRose Beckett-Herbert,&nbsp;Eran Shor","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13248","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Surveys of involuntary celibates (“incels”) suggest that they tend to be not in education, employment or training (NEET) at disproportionately high rates. However, it remains unclear whether and how being NEET is connected to incels' ideology and life circumstances. To investigate this, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis of over a thousand comments posted on the main incel forum, <i>incels.is</i>. We found that many users promoted unemployment and social disengagement as a form of retaliation against a society they feel has harmed them. These users often encouraged other incels to embrace a life of isolation and used employment status as an assessment of commitment to the incel identity. Users also reported experiences of discrimination, bullying, and feeling incompetent at workplaces and educational institutions. We conclude that, for incels, being unemployed can be both an ideological stance and a consequence of their experienced or perceived marginalization.</p>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1556-1566"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwao.13248","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role Incongruity of Women in United States Law Enforcement: A National Survey Exploring Global and Specific Resistance in a Gendered Organization","authors":"Venessa Garcia","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13245","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Since the 1990s, there has been a lot of research on women in policing and resistance to their entry into the field. Much of the research has examined specific resistance (i.e., individualized resistance based on perceived performance), whereas fewer studies today examine global resistance (i.e., resistance to women police in general). Applying role congruity theory, global and specific resistance by men coworkers, administrators, and the public was examined for a national sample of 358 women in United States law enforcement. It was found that women in law enforcement received slightly more global resistance from the public, whereas men coworkers displayed more specific resistance, and specific resistance was more likely to occur in areas related to the perceived ability of women to handle a masculine job. Multivariate analyses revealed that law enforcement remains a gendered organization with continued role incongruity for women.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1511-1522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144255858","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Underrepresentation of Women in Universities: Seeking Answers in the Bedrooms of Women Academics","authors":"María José Rodríguez-Jaume,&nbsp;María Concepción Torres Díaz,&nbsp;Carmen Carretón-Ballester,&nbsp;Diana Gil-González","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13241","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13241","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Three decades after the implementation of gender equality policies in Europe, women academics continue to languish in the <i>ivory basements</i> of higher education centers. A growing body of literature on the participation of women academics in universities has identified reproductive work as a factor that may explain their low levels of representation. Recent research on the effects of COVID-19 on academic work has shed light on the impact of this “private matter” on the lives and academic careers of women and on the scientific system. The central role of reproductive work, in which it is assumed that women and men participate unequally in the care and attention to children, excludes other “private matters” that may help explain the underrepresentation of women in higher education institutions. Here, through the narrative reflection of a female academic who, for over a decade, held a high position at her university, we share the “private matter” that ultimately led to her divorce. By introducing women's voices into the debate on their underrepresentation in universities, we provide a way to recognize ways in which culture “does gender” and to raise awareness about forms of gender that, although silenced, shape our lives (<i>gender in disguise</i>). This autobiographical story identifies four themes that challenge power structures through recognizing silenced stories and promoting honest discussion about the true barriers and failures that persist in universities: the maternal ideal, the retraditionalization of gender, postfeminist “we can have it all” rhetoric, and the shame and fear faced by female academics.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1499-1510"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress, Wellness, and Performance Optimization: Promoting Sustainable Performance in the Workplace. By Nilesh Thakre and B. Udaya Kumar Reddy (eds.), Florida: Apple Academic Press Inc., 2024. 282 pp. £111.60 (hardback). ISBN: 978-1774914069","authors":"Diah Nova Anggraini,&nbsp;Rizal Galih Pradana,&nbsp;Fatimah Fatimah,&nbsp;Ika Hana Pertiwi","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13243","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1495-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Care Paradoxes in Maintaining Precariousness: A Case Study of Australia's Aged Care Work","authors":"Celina McEwen","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13240","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13240","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper examines why despite many inquiries and government reforms, the working conditions of aged care workers have remained precarious. The study draws on an analysis of Australian workforce survey data, government documents, and hearing transcripts from a recent Royal Commission into the sector's workforce and care practices. The results paint a complex and nuanced picture of how the government and providers rely on older or culturally and linguistically diverse women to carry out high standards of quality care with minimal worker benefits and protection while devaluing their work as unprofessional. The analysis also highlights the coexistence of four types of precariousness in aged care work: precariousness as a social category, a shared experience, a set of work practices, and management. Further, I find that a series of paradoxes rooted in cultural perceptions of care and older and/or diverse women maintain precariousness at work by constructing workers as the problem, entrenching disadvantage borne from intersectionality and shifting the burden of responsibility and part of the cost of caring for older people onto workers. I suggest that little improvement is possible until the systemic and sociocultural issues around care and the workers engaged in the transaction of care are tackled together as a whole.</p>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1482-1494"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwao.13240","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Higher Education Leadership Agency in Mainstreaming Gender Equality: Insights From Universities in Kazakhstan","authors":"Zumrad Kataeva,&nbsp;Naureen Durrani,&nbsp;Aray Rakhimzhanova,&nbsp;Svetlana Shakirova","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13239","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This qualitative study explores the perspectives of senior leadership on gender equality within higher education institutions (HEIs) in Kazakhstan, addressing a gap in the literature on the agency of senior leaders in mainstreaming gender equality in post-Soviet contexts. Kazakhstan is a significant case due to its high ranking on gender indicators in Central Asia and its unique blend of modernization and traditional gender discourses. We interviewed 13 leaders across 10 universities to analyze how they perceive the relationship between gender and education and their potential role in advancing gender equality. Utilizing Butler's theory of performativity, our analysis reveals that senior leaders disregard structural or institutional gender-related concerns. They tend to uphold and embody traditional gender norms and attribute existing gender inequalities to cultural norms which limit their agency. While leaders acknowledge the role of higher education in promoting gender equality, they perceive gender issues as resistant to change, which creates obstacles to effective gender mainstreaming. The findings provide insights into reimagining gender mainstreaming strategies in HEIs in post-Soviet contexts and beyond.</p>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1470-1481"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwao.13239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raising Their Voices Against Patriarchy: The Dynamic Use of Women's Leadership Styles for Progressing Gender Equality in Unions","authors":"Paula Cornejo-Abarca,&nbsp;Sebastian M. Ugarte,&nbsp;Angel Martin-Caballero","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13236","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study delves into the nuances of women's leadership skills and tactics within Chilean unions, assessing their progress in gender equality bargaining following the 2017 quota reform for women union leaders. Focusing on banking, retail, and mining industries, it tackles internal and external equality dimensions, challenged by an evident power asymmetry between men and women and the foundations of a patriarchal system. Through qualitative, semi-structured interviews with unionist women and experts, the research unveils the dynamic and instrumental use of leadership styles (“heroic” and “post-heroic”) employed by women to navigate these challenges. Activism, empowerment, knowledge acquisition, confrontation, and collaboration emerge as crucial components. The paper advocates for a holistic approach beyond quotas, emphasizing the need for sustained gender progress in Chilean unions. The comparative analysis enriches academic discourse, amplifying diverse women's leadership experiences and their impactful roles in challenging gender injustices and reshaping organizational culture.</p>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1457-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gendering “The Hidden Injuries of Class”: In-Work Poverty, Precarity, and Working Women Using Food Banks in Britain","authors":"Cat Spellman,&nbsp;Jo McBride","doi":"10.1111/gwao.13237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13237","url":null,"abstract":"<p>This paper presents the lived experience of white working-class women in the UK experiencing in-work poverty and dependent on food banks to survive. Although the precarious labor market emerges as a significant driver in the women's need for food charity, in-depth investigations into the lives that precarity produces and reinforces remain scarce. Contributing to this gap, our paper uses an ethnographic qualitative approach drawing on feminist research methods to identify women's experiences of in-work poverty and being in precarious work. Across 2 food banks, 10 women and 6 volunteers were interviewed, complemented by 24 months of comprehensive field notes where the lead author was a regular volunteer with the charities. The paper revisits “The Hidden Injuries of Class” from Sennett and Cobb's (1972) classic study to use as a theoretical lens to draw out the internalized impacts that the participants experienced. We complement the theoretical framing with an intersectional sensitivity, finding that both gender and class were prevailing identities that influenced the women's lived experiences of the explored themes. The combination of these frameworks helped us to discover how the women face a complex internalized struggle in accessing food banks whilst being employed, heavily characterized by classed and gendered constraints associated with precarious work and other external structural disadvantages. The women experienced guilt, shame, the suppression of emotion, and a struggle for self-validation. Interactions at the food bank were additionally found to be intersubjectively negotiated between the women and the present volunteers. The intersection of both classed and gendered identities exposes these women to ever greater inequalities both within and beyond the workplace.</p>","PeriodicalId":48128,"journal":{"name":"Gender Work and Organization","volume":"32 4","pages":"1421-1431"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/gwao.13237","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144256061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}