Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Professional autonomy in pharmacists: Independence within interdependence.","authors":"Paul Forsyth, Jessica Baker, Willa Saadat, Andrew Radley","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the duties of pharmacists evolve it can be difficult for many to foster and maintain professional autonomy within both new and core roles. However, it is important for us to understand what autonomy actually means. Autonomy is a common word in every-day use describing a philosophical concept concerning an agent's capacity for self-determination. Professional standards typically try to ensure the required level of individual professional autonomy necessary for pharmacists to deliver care in the best interests of patients. Professional autonomy is a key factor in achieving job satisfaction, meaningful work, and flourishing in a professional role, and when inhibited can lead to negative career experiences and outcomes. Autonomy can however be understood both in this individual sense, linked to liberty and independence, but also in a collective sense, linked to relationships and societal empowerment. This paper examines how pharmacists have understood these differing conceptual views of professional autonomy to date, describing the theoretical basis for each, and then sketching a series of short scenarios that illustrate how the professional autonomy of individual pharmacists can be heavily influenced by many interdependent factors, including relational factors, employment factors, professional factors, and societal factors. Finally, the paper considers the principles and skills needed for pharmacists to create a more stable professional autonomy, both individually and collectively.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145318646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists on the frontline: Medication misuse and abuse during violent conflict in four MENA countries.","authors":"Mayyada Wazaify, Christina Steenkamp, Haya Yasin","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>An important, yet under-researched, impact of violent conflict on public health is the susceptibility of populations in conflicts to drug abuse and misuse as increased stress, the easy availability of drugs, and the relaxation of taboos against drug use exacerbate the problem. This study explores the experiences of pharmacists regarding drug misuse and abuse in four conflict-affected MENA countries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study is part of a larger two-year (2021-2023) project investigating the impact of violent conflict in the MENA region on medicine abuse and misuse and the experiences of pharmacists in managing this challenge. This part used a quantitative approach using survey methodology with a sample of pharmacists in Syria, Libya, Yemen and Iraq.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 181 questionnaires were filled (65.7 % male, mean age = 29.9 years old. The majority of the pharmacists (n = 170, 93.9 %) reported that on average, 27.88 % of the pharmacy customers were suspected of misusing/abusing medications in the past 3 months. The most misused medicines were pregabalin and sedatives/hypnotics followed by opioids like tramadol, in addition to cough and cold and anti-allergy preparations. Almost one-third of respondents (31.49 %) refused to dispense drugs which they thought were intended to be used inappropriately. Sixty-five (35.9 %) said that they had been subjected to violence for the sake of obtaining medications, and 17 (9.8 %) reported being threatened five times or more in the past year.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Based on the results above, future interventions in conflict settings must address both supply-side governance and the broader psychosocial drivers of medication misuse/abuse to ensure that pharmacists are supported rather than exposed in their essential work.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145309636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of pharmacist-led medication reconciliation and usual care on detecting and resolving discrepancies in major orthopaedic surgeries: a quasi-experimental study.","authors":"Karen R Palermo, Jesús Cotrina Luque, Natália Marto, Miriam Capoulas, Cláudia Santos, Isabel V Figueiredo, Margarida Castel-Branco","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication reconciliation can reduce errors, particularly among elderly and polymedicated patients. The inclusion of pharmacists obtaining the best possible medication history can further improve the identification and resolution of discrepancies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>To compare a structured pharmacist-led medication reconciliation program with usual care on detecting and resolving discrepancies during hospital admission for major orthopaedic surgeries.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Quasi-experimental study, conducted in a Portuguese tertiary hospital, involving adult patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery and taking chronic medication. In Phase One (usual care), reconciliation lacked standardization; pharmacists performed it alongside other tasks, relying solely on medical records and reported unintentional discrepancies electronically to prescribers. In Phase Two (pharmacist-led medication reconciliation), a designated pharmacist obtained the best possible medication history, identified discrepancies and communicated them directly to clinical pharmacologists. Validated high-risk criteria were used to assess clinical significance. Primary outcomes were identifying, classifying, and resolving unintentional discrepancies across both phases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 182 patients (91 in each phase). In Phase One, 212 discrepancies were identified, 91 were unintentional, of which 30 had clinical significance. Ten pharmacist interventions were performed, with 50 % acceptance rate. In Phase Two, 339 discrepancies were identified, 129 were unintentional, of which 46 had clinical significance. A total of 104 pharmacist interventions were performed, with 73 % acceptance rate. Identification and resolution of unintentional discrepancies significantly increased (p < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacist-led medication reconciliation, focusing on the best possible medication history collection and direct contact with physicians, significantly increased the identification and resolution of discrepancies, underlining its role in enhancing patient safety.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145294025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A digital health-supported community pharmacy-based lifestyle intervention program for overweight or obese adults with prediabetes, the PRediabetes Intervention, Management and Evaluation (PRIME) Program: A cluster randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Kah Woon Teoh, Choon Ming Ng, Chun Wie Chong, Yi Ling Ng, J Simon Bell, Shaun Wen Huey Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Evidence on the impact of using digital health tools to facilitate prediabetes management in community pharmacies is lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a digital health-supported and community pharmacy-based lifestyle intervention (PRIME) program on individuals with prediabetes in Malaysia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial was conducted in 16 community pharmacies from two states in Malaysia and included people with prediabetes that were overweight or obese. The intervention group received support of in-depth counselling from pharmacists, in-app prediabetes education modules, and peer support, while the usual care group received counselling based on pharmacists' usual practice. The primary outcomes were the proportion of participants achieving ≥5 % weight loss and differential change in weight. All analyses were performed using intention to treat analyses with mixed effect modelling.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Ninety-one participants (intervention, n = 46; usual care n = 45) were recruited. At the end of study, participants in the intervention group were twice as likely compared to the usual care group to report a minimum 5 % weight loss (21 % intervention and 7.5 % usual care participants, odds ratio: 2.5, p = 0.266). Intervention group participants also reported a larger weight loss, with a mean difference of 1.26 kg (95 %CI -2.36 kg to -0.15 kg) between groups. These differences were more significant especially among those who were more engaged with PRIME.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The intervention showed greater weight loss than the usual care, but the proportion of individuals achieving clinically meaningful weight loss (≥5 %) was not significant. PRIME program can be an important and useful tool to improve risk factors among individuals with prediabetes especially in a low-resource setting. Further research is needed to determine the economic and long-term sustainability of such programs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145276153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the concept and definition of scope of practice in pharmacy: A scoping review.","authors":"Mitchell Budden, Shalom I Benrimoj, Francisco Martinez Mardones, Sarah Dineen-Griffin","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The term scope of practice (SOP) is gaining increasing traction within the pharmacy profession, reflecting its growing importance. Despite this, definitions and interpretations remain varied, as evidenced by the number of definitions and the variety of synonyms and adjectives used in the literature.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>(i) To examine the conceptual diversity in terminology used to describe SOP for the pharmacy profession across different jurisdictions; (ii) to propose a curated list of definitions and examples, along with recommended contexts for their application at local, national, and international levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A scoping review was conducted following JBI methodology and reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched to January 2025. Grey literature was explored using Google, the Overton database, and other methods. Titles and abstracts of identified records were screened, followed by full-text review against inclusion criteria. Definitions were systematically categorised to identify thematic patterns, overlaps, and distinctions, informing the development of a curated list of SOP definitions for pharmacy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 4,010 peer-reviewed records, 2,106 were screened after removing duplicates, with 31 publications meeting inclusion criteria. An additional 49 grey literature reports were included. A total of 172 definitions were compiled, capturing both phrasing and contextual application of SOP terminology. While no single universally accepted definition emerged, most aligned with three dominant conceptual themes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The growing focus on pharmacy SOP highlights the need for a more unified and strategic framework. Consolidating definitions into a curated and accessible resource can improve clarity and consistency across educational, clinical, policy, and regulatory domains.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative pharmacist prescribing models in Australian hospitals: a scoping study.","authors":"Hana Amer, Sally Marotti, Imaina Widagdo, Sharon Goldsworthy, Jacinta Johnson, Lisa Kalisch Ellett","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Collaborative pharmacist prescribing models have been trialled and implemented in Australian hospitals and involve credentialed pharmacists working with doctors and patients to develop patient medicine plans and prescribe medicines.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to identify pharmacist prescribing policies and procedures in Australian hospitals and provide a narrative summary of the models and associated training.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A scoping study was conducted using an exploratory and descriptive approach to identify and map pharmacist prescribing models implemented in Australian hospitals, and their associated training. Hospital pharmacy directors in Australia were contacted through a hospital pharmacy professional organisation in November 2023 and were asked to provide their pharmacist prescribing policies and procedures. Details of the models and training programs were extracted and summarised, with similarities and differences narratively reported.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fifteen different collaborative pharmacist prescribing models were reported to be implemented across more than 35 hospitals. Fourteen models had a formal training program. The models varied in scope of practice, particularly relating to medicine initiation and the timing of prescribing. The training and maintenance of currency of practice differed between models. Only three models recognised credentialing from other hospitals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study reveals variation in scope of practice, training, and credentialing processes between pharmacist prescribing models, with limited recognition and transferability of prescribing skills across jurisdictions in Australia. Efforts to establish national accreditation standards for pharmacist prescriber education programs and the recent introduction of a national credentialing program, could pave the way for the standardisation of the models and training within Australian hospitals.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health Belief Model Interventions in Pre-exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP): Untapped intervention in the pharmacy arena.","authors":"Alina Cernasev, Holly Angell, Karen Derefinko, Santosh Kumar, Theodore Cory","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic continues to be a major public health crisis in the United States. Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has emerged as an effective tool to prevent HIV transmission, its uptake and adherence remain suboptimal, especially among high-risk populations. This article explores how the Health Belief Model (HBM) can serve as a guiding framework for pharmacists and other healthcare professionals to enhance PrEP delivery and patient engagement. Recent literature highlights persistent barriers to PrEP use, including stigma, perceived risk, misinformation, and healthcare access challenges. The five core components of the HBM-perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action-have been used to understand and design interventions across multiple health behaviors. Studies suggest these components are useful in explaining patient behavior and provider limitations around PrEP, particularly in marginalized communities. While few studies directly apply HBM to PrEP adherence, evidence from related fields supports its predictive power. The HBM offers a promising lens through which pharmacy-based interventions can be developed to address patient beliefs, reduce stigma, and increase PrEP uptake and adherence. Pharmacists, given their accessibility and trusted role in the community, are uniquely positioned to lead these efforts. Incorporating culturally responsive, HBM-informed strategies in pharmacy practice can significantly improve health outcomes in populations most affected by HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145208063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From global standards to local realities: Understanding the Granada Statements in pharmacy practice research.","authors":"Gizem Gülpınar, Aysel Pehlivanlı, Zaheer-Ud-Din Babar","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.004","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The Granada Statements were developed to improve the quality and visibility of pharmacy practice research by encouraging consistency in reporting. However, little is known about how these guidelines are interpreted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where professional roles and services may differ. Examining these perspectives can highlight both barriers and opportunities for wider uptake.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study explored how clinical and social pharmacy researchers perceive the Granada Statements, focusing on the challenges, enablers, and strategies that could enhance their application in resource-limited contexts.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A qualitative design was adopted, using focus group discussions with researchers in Türkiye. Data were thematically analyzed through collaborative coding and interpretation. Special attention was given to the Statements' key areas, including terminology, journal selection, perceptions of relevance, and proposed improvements.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants regarded the Statements as a useful framework for clarifying expectations, promoting consistency, and stimulating dialogue about research quality. Barriers included difficulties applying standardized terminology in evolving service contexts, challenges in translating technical terms, undervaluation of LMIC research, financial constraints in open access publishing, and discouraging peer review experiences. Suggested enablers included templates, illustrative examples, modular adoption, culturally sensitive glossaries, and training with editors. A global classification framework for benchmarking pharmacy practice was also proposed.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study shows that the Granada Statements have the potential to act not only as reporting guidance but also as a framework for more intentional, theory-driven, and globally relevant pharmacy practice research. Flexibility, contextual sensitivity, and institutional support are key to achieving this vision.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145087844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Common ailment and non-prescription medication-related problems faced by people with intellectual disability; findings from medication reviews provided by pharmacists.","authors":"Chelsea Felkai, Jamie-Lee Carew, David Newby, Joyce Cooper, Hayley Croft","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.001","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pharmacists in Australia play a significant role in managing non-prescription medicines and common ailments. The aims of this research were to describe the medication related issues people with intellectual disability face with their common ailments and non-prescription medications and document the recommendations made by pharmacists as part of the medication review process.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A retrospective analysis of medication review reports from credentialed pharmacists performed for a person with intellectual disability between January 2020 and January 2024.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 80 reports were analysed with an average of 6.6 common ailments and 8.0 non-prescription medications per individual with ID. The credentialed pharmacists identified an average of 3.6 issues related to their common ailment or non-prescription medication.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>People with intellectual disability have significant issues managing common ailments and non-prescription medicines, that could potentially be more appropriately managed in the primary care setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145126263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and psychometric evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and behavior questionnaire on fall risk-increasing drugs (KABQ-FRID).","authors":"Laksmi Maharani, Adi Yugatama, Dedik Sulistiawan, Shu-Chun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.08.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.08.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Fall risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) increase the risks of falls, injuries, and fractures among older adults. However, limited evidence exists on how older adults perceive and manage FRID use, particularly in Indonesia.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study developed and psychometrically evaluated a questionnaire for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KABs) related to FRID use (hereafter KABQ-FRID) among older adults.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>KABQ-FRID was developed through a three-stage process. The first stage involved defining a conceptual framework and generating items based on a literature review, team discussions, and expert meeting. The second stage included an expert panel review and assessment of face validity. The third stage involved psychometric testing with 100 older adults receiving medications from a public health center in Surakarta City, Indonesia. Data analysis included Mokken scale analysis, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), construct validity assessment, and reliability testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The final KABQ-FRID comprised 21 items across 3 dimensions: knowledge (7 items), attitude (5 items), and behavior (9 items). Psychometric evaluation demonstrated acceptable scalability for all items (Loevinger's H ≥ 0.30) and strong reliability (Cronbach's α > 0.7; intraclass correlation coefficient >0.9). CFA results revealed a χ²/df of 2.0, suggesting a reasonable model fit; all dimensions exhibited satisfactory loadings. Construct validity testing demonstrated strong convergent validity; 90.5 % of the items had a correlation coefficient of >0.4, and 100 % of the items had stronger correlations within their dimensions than with other constructs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>KABQ-FRID is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing KAB related to FRID use among community-dwelling older adults.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-09-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145030885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}