Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"The medication-related burden quality of life (MRB-QoL) Arabic tool: Exploratory factor analysis and psychometric evaluation","authors":"Sundos Q. Al-Ebrahim ,&nbsp;Khadija Hafidh ,&nbsp;Jeff Harrison ,&nbsp;Timothy F. Chen ,&nbsp;Lisa Kouladjian O'Donnell ,&nbsp;Ayisha AlHusseini ,&nbsp;Hamzah Alzubaidi ,&nbsp;Mohammed A. Mohammed","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.04.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.04.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The Medication-Related Burden Quality of Life (MRB-QoL) is a patient-reported measure of medicines burden on functioning and well-being in people with long-term conditions (LTCs). The Arabic version has demonstrated good content validity; however, no data is available on its other psychometric properties.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Arabic MRB-QoL tool.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Four hundred patients (≥18 years) with LTCs were recruited from a tertiary hospital in the United Arab Emirates. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed using Principal Axis Factoring for extraction and Oblimin rotation. Cronbach's alpha, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and minimum detectable change (MDC) assessed internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and measurement error, respectively. Structural, Known-group, convergent, and discriminant validity were evaluated using EFA, Mann Whitney <em>U</em> test, and Spearman's rank correlations tests, respectively. Convergent validity (r &gt; 0.3, moderate to high correlations) and discriminant validity (r &lt; 0.3, weak correlations) were examined through correlation with the Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), Drug Burden Index (DBI), and 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) measures. Known-group validity was assessed by comparing MRB-QoL scores across clinically diverse groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>EFA revealed a 31-item, four-factor structure accounting for 78.5 % of the variance. Reliability results showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.973) and test-retest reliability (ICC = 0.994). The MDC for the total MRB-QoL was 3.89, indicating that a change of more than 4 points between 2 measurements reflects a true difference with 95 % confidence. There were weak correlations between domains of MRB-QoL and MRCI (r 0.120 to 0.152) indicating discriminant validity. Correlations between the mental component summary of the SF-12 and MRB-QoL (r = −0.387) and its domains (r −0.357 to −0.374) suggested convergent validity. Patients with polypharmacy and multimorbidity had higher median MRB-QoL scores, showing known-group validity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that the Arabic MRB-QoL is a valid and reliable medication-related burden (MRB) measure with good construct validity, including structural, known-group, convergent, and discriminant validity. It also shows excellent reliability, with high internal consistency, low measurement error, and good test-retest reliability. These findings support its use as a psychometrically robust measure for assessing MRB and facilitating person-centred medicines optimisation services in Arabic-speaking populations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Pages 608-619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “The importance of rigor in pharmacy research: Challenges and solutions” [Res Soci Adm Pharm 21 (2025) 424-430]","authors":"Michael R. Gionfriddo ,&nbsp;Chyna McClendon ,&nbsp;David A. Nolfi ,&nbsp;Melissa A. Kalarchian ,&nbsp;Jordan R. Covvey","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Page 627"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation science and entrepreneurship: Two complementary frameworks for advancing pharmacy practice","authors":"David Holdford","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.065","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.065","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Academic leaders and clinicians have promoted implementation science (IS) and entrepreneurship (EN) as frameworks for transforming pharmacy education and practice. Although distinct, IS and EN share many of the same processes and goals in promoting solutions to problems in healthcare.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To distinguish the similarities and differences between IS and EN. Major components of each method will be evaluated for relative strengths and limitations in advancing pharmacy practice interventions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Basic components of IS and EN were compared. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research Intervention (CFIR) was used to represent the elements of IS and the resource-based theory of competitive advantage was used to operationalize key constructs in entrepreneurship. The five CFIR domains matched well with the five constructs of the resource-based theory of competitive advantage, allowing five common components for comparisons: (1) intervention, (2) cost benefit, (3) market viability, (4) organizational setting, and (5) characteristics of the individuals and inputs.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>IS and EN are two scholarly approaches that differ primarily in how they frame research questions. IS frameworks prioritize the study of the implementation of evidence-based interventions and their theoretical contributions. They focus predominantly on quantifying the impact of the intervention and less so on the needs of community partners, market viability of intervention, and return on investment. EN is more open to interventions that lack strong objective evidence for effectiveness, relying more on what makes an intervention financially sustainable and profitable in markets.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>IS and EN both examine the role of the intervention, organization, market viability, inputs, and financial return on the successful adoption and sustainability of interventions. Either framework can be used to advance the adoption and dissemination of pharmacy practice interventions, as long as researchers understand the limitations of each framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Pages 620-626"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Associations of health-related quality of life with beliefs about influenza vaccination in people with chronic diseases","authors":"Sladjana Arsenović ,&nbsp;Goran Trajković ,&nbsp;Tatjana Pekmezović ,&nbsp;Tatjana Gazibara","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.061","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.061","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Studies about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and beliefs about influenza vaccination in people with chronic diseases are lacking.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the association of physical and mental HRQoL dimensions with beliefs about influenza and influenza immunization among men and women who have chronic diseases.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 295 community residents with chronic diseases from the Foča region (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina) were included in the study. All participants were listed to receive free influenza vaccination. Interviews were conducted using the socio-demographic questionnaire, the SF-36 questionnaire and the modified Health Belief Model Applied to Influenza (HBMAI). The HBMAI domain scores were tested as the outcome variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In men and women, a higher level of Body Pain and a lower level of Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, Mental Health, as well as poorer Physical and Mental Composite Scores were independently associated with more perceived Barriers to influenza immunization. In women, however, lower levels of Body Pain were independently associated with stronger Health Motivation. Furthermore, in women higher levels of Vitality, Social Functioning, Role Emotional, Mental Health and higher Mental Composite Scores were independently associated with stronger Cues to Action related to influenza immunization.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Poorer physical and mental HRQoL were associated with more perceived barriers to influenza vaccination. However, stronger physical and mental HRQoL in women were associated with stronger health motivation and cues to action. Health-related quality of life may play an important role in the perception of influenza vaccine among people with chronic diseases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Pages 573-579"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community pharmacists’ role in optimising antibiotic use: The HAPPY PATIENT project to improve dispensing practices in five EU countries","authors":"Maarten Lambert ,&nbsp;Ria Benko ,&nbsp;Jesper Lykkegaard ,&nbsp;Jens Søndergaard ,&nbsp;Jonas Olsen ,&nbsp;Ana Garcia-Sangenis ,&nbsp;Marilena Anastasaki ,&nbsp;Christos Lionis ,&nbsp;Malene Plejdrup Hansen ,&nbsp;Pia Touboul Lundgren ,&nbsp;Pascale Bruno ,&nbsp;Fabiana Raynal ,&nbsp;Laura Vallejo-Torres ,&nbsp;Lars Bjerrum ,&nbsp;Lina Jaruseviciene ,&nbsp;Ruta Radzeviciene ,&nbsp;Anna Kowalczyk ,&nbsp;Carl Llor ,&nbsp;Katja Taxis","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.064","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.064","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacies can play a pivotal role in optimising the use of antibiotics through their dispensing practice.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To evaluate the impact of a multifaceted intervention on community pharmacies’ quality of antibiotic dispensing.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A prospective before–after study conducted according to the Audit Project Odense methodology in community pharmacies in France, Greece, Lithuania, Poland, and Spain. Pharmacy staff audited dispensing practices through a self-registry form before and after a multifaceted intervention, comprising feedback to participants on dispensing practice, communication training, and providing educational materials for patients. Dispensing of all oral antibiotics for five days in February 2022 and after interventions in February 2023 was registered. Data were analysed by country and overall using ten quality indicators, with Chi-square tests and Students’ t-tests applied.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 91 pharmacists registered 5.054 dispenses. There was an 18 % (p &lt; 0.001) improvement in the mean number of safety checks performed and a 17 % (p &lt; 0.001) reduction in the number of dispenses for which no safety checks were performed after the intervention. Pharmacists provided 17 % (p &lt; 0.001) more advice to patients and reduced the dispenses for which no advice was provided by 35 % (p = 0.006). This came with a 44 % (p &lt; 0.001) increase in inappropriate advice that was provided. Large differences between the countries were observed. For performing safety checks, a 13 % (p = 0.004) worsening was seen in Greece and a 72 % (p=&lt;0.001) improvement in Spain. In France, treatment duration and dose were discussed with patients in 97 % and 98 % of the dispenses at baseline, respectively, without improvements after the intervention. In Spain, this was 66 % and 51 % at baseline, significantly improving to 80 % and 64 % after the intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Quality of antibiotic dispensing increased significantly, indicating that intervention is a promising strategy to improve antibiotic use, especially in countries with lower practice standards.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Pages 597-607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143935067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness at long-term of a multidisciplinary intervention in the reduction of overuse of benzodiazepine prescriptions: A cluster controlled trial","authors":"Ingrid Ferrer López ,&nbsp;Encarnación García Bermúdez ,&nbsp;Francisco Atienza Martín ,&nbsp;Amalia García-Delgado Morente ,&nbsp;María Dolores Murillo Fernández ,&nbsp;Yolanda Sánchez Cañete ,&nbsp;Clara Bermúdez-Tamayo","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.063","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.063","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The overuse of Benzodiazepines (BZD) has become an area of concern because of its consequences on patients' health and healthcare costs.</div><div>Objective: to determine whether a multicomponent intervention based on a multidisciplinary education program is effective in withdrawal from BZD long-term use, compared to usual care.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Cluster-randomized, parallel-group trial with health centres as units of randomization and patients as units of analysis. Inclusion criteria: adults with more than 4 weeks of BZD use, without serious mental disorder, non-terminal, without alcohol dependence or dementia. Intervention: (i) discussion with the patient describing the advantages, disadvantages and alternatives of BZD use accompanied by tapering protocol with educational material, (ii) the offer of a brief consultation, and (iii) a letter addressed to the patient supported by 6 scientific societies. The primary outcome was dispensing of BZD. Socioeconomic variables and others related with the consumption of BZD (Indication, previously attempted to cease and duration of use). Analysis: The effect of the intervention on the rate of dispensing of BZD using the multivariable generalized-estimating-equations (GEE) extension of logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Complete cessation of dispensing BZD at six months after the intervention was achieved in 108 of 333 participants (32,4 %) compared to 27 of 139 controls (19,4 %). This decrease was maintained over 5 years (41,7 % vs. 33,8 %). Adjusted absolute risk difference was −14.3 (−19.6 to −9.5). An adjusted OR 2.11 (95 % CI, 1.24–3.59). Those with high income were more likely to quit using BZD with the intervention as those with a lower income (OR 1.81, IC 95 % 1.13–2.9, p = 0.012). Similarly, those who had previously tried to withdraw from BZD were more likely to stop using with the intervention (OR 1.8, IC 95 % 1.17–2.8, p = 0.007). Those with high income were more likely to quit using BZD with the intervention as those with a lower income (OR 1.81, IC 95 % 1.13–2.9, p = 0.012). Similarly, those who had previously tried to withdraw from BZD were more likely to stop using with the intervention (OR 1.8, IC 95 % 1.17–2.8, p = 0.007).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The intervention was effective at 6 months and its effects persist up to 5 years. The factors favouring interruption BZD seem to be having a high income and a previously tried to withdraw from BZD.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Pages 589-596"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143744281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Discrepancies in medication lists after hospital discharge in patients with multiple long-term conditions","authors":"Malin Olsen Syversen ,&nbsp;Mikas Glatkauskas ,&nbsp;Sandra Johanne Sedeniussen ,&nbsp;Monica Hauge ,&nbsp;Steffi Benny ,&nbsp;Kristine Horgen ,&nbsp;Marianne Lea ,&nbsp;Rita Romskaug ,&nbsp;Anne Mette Njaastad ,&nbsp;Torunn Wibe ,&nbsp;Karin Svensberg ,&nbsp;Liv Mathiesen","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.062","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.062","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Inadequate information flow in the transition from hospital to home poses a challenge to medication safety, especially for patients with multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs).</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>To investigate the frequency, categories, underlying reasons, and potential clinical relevance of medication discrepancies (MDs) by comparing medication lists in hospital discharge summaries with actual medication use after discharge in patients with MLTCs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Home-dwelling adult patients with MLTCs, using minimum four medications were included near the time of their planned discharge, from one internal medicine and two geriatric wards in Oslo, to this cross-sectional observational study. Medication reconciliation was performed 1–2 weeks post-discharge. Discrepancies between the medication list in the discharge summary and the patient's medication use were classified into six categories. A panel assessed the potential clinical relevance of the MDs in a short-term and long-term perspective.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>150 patients, median age 75 years (range 22–94), were included. 132 (88 %) had at least one MD, with a median of 3 per patient (range 0–10). The most common MDs involved medications in use although not listed in the discharge summary. Apparent lack of or insufficient medication reconciliation during the hospital stay was the most frequent reason for MDs. Of the MDs, 5.5 % and 28 % were assessed to be of potential clinical relevance in the short-term and long-term perspective, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Almost all patients had MDs following hospital discharge. The potential clinical relevance increases over time if MDs are not corrected. Our findings highlight the need for more effective interventions to ensure medication safety in care transitions for this vulnerable population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 8","pages":"Pages 580-588"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143711632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between multimorbidity and out-of-pocket expenditure for prescription medicines among adults in Denmark: A population-based register study","authors":"James Larkin ,&nbsp;Susan M. Smith ,&nbsp;Line Due Christensen ,&nbsp;Thomas Schmidt Voss ,&nbsp;Claus Høstrup Vestergaard ,&nbsp;Amanda Paust ,&nbsp;Anders Prior","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Multimorbidity, defined as two or more chronic conditions in an individual, is increasing in prevalence and is associated with polypharmacy. Polypharmacy can lead to increased out-of-pocket payments for prescription medicines. This, in turn, can be associated with cost-related non-adherence and impoverishment. Healthcare in Denmark is mostly free at the point-of-use; prescription medicines are one of the only exceptions.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To examine the association between multimorbidity and annual out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure for adults in Denmark.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A population-based register study was conducted. The study population included all adults residing in Denmark in 2020. Frequencies and descriptive statistics were used and regression analyses were conducted to assess the association between multimorbidity and annual out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure, while controlling for demographic and socioeconomic covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Overall, 1,212,033 (24.2 %) individuals had multimorbidity. Individuals with five or more conditions spent, on average, €320 in out-of-pocket prescription medicines expenditure compared to €187 for those with two conditions and €44 for those with no conditions. Amongst those with any out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure, having multimorbidity was associated with 2–4 times greater out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure than those with zero conditions. Amongst those in the quantile with the highest expenditure, those with five or more conditions spent €408 more than those with no conditions, and those with two conditions spent €185 more than those with no conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>For adults in Denmark, multimorbidity was associated with significantly higher out-of-pocket prescription medicine expenditure, even after controlling for demographic and socioeconomic covariates. This is similar to patterns in other countries and likely affects those with lowest income the most, given the known socioeconomic patterning of multimorbidity, and raises concerns about cost related non-adherence. Potential protective mechanisms could include subsidies for certain vulnerable patient groups (e.g. those with severe mental illness) and low-income groups.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 7","pages":"Pages 549-558"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143694121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Infographics as a communication tool in pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences","authors":"Caroline W. Sasser ,&nbsp;Joanna Chu ,&nbsp;Mia Curigliano ,&nbsp;Elizabeth George ,&nbsp;Charlotte Murray ,&nbsp;Jun Kai Tan ,&nbsp;Sydney N. Nicolla","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Infographics may be more effective at communicating scientific research compared to text-based abstracts. Using well-designed infographics may expand target audiences beyond the traditional scholarly circles.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>This study aims to compare the effectiveness and viewer experience of infographics vs. text-based abstracts as research communication tools.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A posttest-only, between-participants, digital pilot study was conducted in early 2024. Participants from the field of pharmacy or pharmaceutical sciences were randomized to view either infographics or text-based abstracts for the same research articles. Articles and infographics chosen were sourced from peer-reviewed journals. Survey items, designed from previously published research and by authors, assessed understanding, recall, effectiveness, cognition (cognitive load), and attention. Chi-square tests were used to analyze categorical and ordinal data. Unpaired two-sided t-tests were used to analyze continuous data. Internal reliabilities were calculated for each Likert scale. Exclusion criteria included responses recorded in less than 300 seconds and responses that did not complete all questions for at least one article.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Final analysis included data from 30 infographics viewers and 16 text-based abstracts viewers. Most participants were white, female students from the United States without any reported learning disabilities. Overall, there were no statistically significant differences observed between any measure type. Some infographics had significantly better scores on attention and effectiveness items.</div></div><div><h3>Discussion</h3><div>Some infographics may perform better than text-based abstracts on measures of attention and effectiveness. The study lacks sufficient power, potentially resulting in failure to detect true differences. Results may differ in populations including non-experts, neurodivergent readers, and individuals whose first language is not English.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Infographics may be no better than abstracts at communicating research findings within an audience of scientific readers. Further investigation is warranted to understand how to best leverage infographics as a communication tool.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 7","pages":"Pages 539-548"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143674751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assertiveness in community pharmacists and their experience of pharmacist-led deprescribing: A cross-sectional study","authors":"Mitsuaki Ishii ,&nbsp;Sachiko Ozone ,&nbsp;Shoichi Masumoto ,&nbsp;Tetsuhiro Maeno","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.03.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Deprescribing by physicians based on the suggestions of community pharmacists is useful to ensure medication safety. Pharmacist-led deprescribing is not always implemented smoothly because of communication gaps between physicians and pharmacists. Our previous study found that assertiveness, as a communication style, is associated with pharmacist-initiated prescription changes for medication safety; however, its association with community pharmacist-led deprescribing is unclear.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Our objective was to investigate which types of self-expression related to assertiveness are associated with community pharmacist-led deprescribing while adjusting for possible confounding factors.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a cross-sectional survey among community pharmacists between May and October 2022. Participants were community pharmacists belonging to a nationwide pharmacy chain in Japan who worked in 1 of 10 prefectures. The outcome variable was experience of community pharmacist-led deprescribing in the past year. Community pharmacists' self-expression related to assertiveness was assessed using the 3 subdomains of the Interprofessional Assertiveness Scale (IAS): nonassertive, assertive, and aggressive self-expression. Participants were classified into 1 of 2 categories based on median IAS subdomain scores. Pharmacist characteristics were compared by group in univariate analyses. Binomial logistic regression was used to examine the association between experience of community pharmacist-led deprescribing and community pharmacists’ assertiveness.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of the 3346 community pharmacists invited, 963 were included in the analysis. After adjustment, high assertive self-expression was associated with experience of community pharmacist-led deprescribing (adjusted odds ratio, 1.49; 95 % confidence interval, 1.02–2.20; p = 0.042). No associations were found between experience of community pharmacist-led deprescribing and nonassertive or aggressive self-expression.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Community pharmacists with higher levels of assertive self-expression were more likely to experience community pharmacist-led deprescribing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 7","pages":"Pages 517-522"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143617642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}