Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Assessing methodological quality of systematic reviews with meta-analysis about clinical pharmacy services: A sensitivity analysis of AMSTAR-2","authors":"Inajara Rotta ,&nbsp;Joyce A. Diniz ,&nbsp;Fernando Fernandez-Llimos","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Systematic reviews are critical for evidence-based healthcare decisions, but their validity depends on the quality of conduct and reporting. AMSTAR-2, a widely used tool for assessing the quality of systematic reviews, identifies seven critical domains influencing review validity, although its developers recommend flexibility in prioritizing these domains. To date, no studies have analyzed the impact of this change on systematic reviews with meta-analysis (SRMAs) evaluating clinical pharmacy services.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the quality of SRMAs on clinical pharmacy services and the effect of modifying AMSTAR-2 domains criticality on quality assessment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Systematic searches (updated January 1, 2023) were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science to identify SRMAs reporting the effects of clinical pharmacy services. Manual reference list searches of included studies were also performed. The methodological quality of SRMAs was assessed using the AMSTAR-2 tool. Changes in the overall classification of each SRMA were analyzed by hypothetically removing the critical designation for domains in the original tool.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Out of 153 eligible SRMAs, 138 (90.2 %) were classified as critically low quality, 13 (8.5 %) as low quality, and 2 (1.3 %) as moderate quality. Despite slight improvement in methodological quality over time, this change was not directly linked to the creation of various reporting and conducting guidelines and registries. Our analysis showed that the hypothetical removal of the criticality of each AMSTAR-2 domain did not significantly impact the overall quality assessment. Furthermore, all critical domains in AMSTAR-2 are considered essential in the field of pharmacy practice.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Most SRMAs on clinical pharmacy services were classified as low or critically low quality and modifying the AMSTAR-2 domain criticality did not improve these assessments. Researchers, journal editors, and peer reviewers must work to enhance SRMAs quality, which are crucial for providing robust evidence for pharmaceutical services.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 110-115"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142792578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A deep neural network model for classifying pharmacy practice publications into research domains","authors":"Samuel O. Adeosun ,&nbsp;Afua B. Faibille ,&nbsp;Aisha N. Qadir ,&nbsp;Jerotich T. Mutwol ,&nbsp;Taylor McMannen","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.10.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.10.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Pharmacy practice faculty research profiles extend beyond the clinical and social domains, which are core elements of pharmacy practice. But as highlighted by journal editors in the Granada Statements, there is no consensus on these terms. Four domains (clinical, education, social &amp; administrative, and basic &amp; translational) of pharmacy practice faculty research are proposed.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To develop a classifier for categorizing pharmacy practice faculty publications into four proposed domains, and to compare the model with zero-shot performances of state-of-the-art, general purpose large language models (gpLLMs).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>One thousand abstracts from 2018 to 2021 documents published by pharmacy practice faculty were reviewed, labelled and used to screen and finetune several Bidirectional Encoders Representations from Transformers (BERT) models. The selected model was compared with zero-shot performances of 7 state-of-the-art gpLLMs including ChatGPT-4o, Gemini-1.5-Pro, Claude-3.5, LLAMA-3.1 and Mistral Large, using 80 randomly selected abstracts from 2023 publications labelled with ≥80% consensus by all authors. Classification metrics included F1, recall, precision and accuracy, and reproducibility was measured with Cohen's kappa. A use case was demonstrated by testing the null hypothesis that the research domain distribution of faculty publications was independent of the pandemic.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>The model – Pharmacy Practice Research Domain Classifier (PPRDC) produced a 5-fold stratified cross-validation metrics of 89.4 ± 1.7, 90.2 ± 2.2, 89.0 ± 1.7, and 95.5 ± 0.6, for F1, recall, precision and accuracy, respectively. PPRDC produced perfectly reproducible classifications (Cohen's kappa = 1.0) and outperformed zero-shot performances of all gpLLMs. F1 scores were 96.2 ± 1.6, 92.7 ± 1.2, 85.8 ± 3.2, and 83.1 ± 9.8 for education, clinical, social, and translational domains, respectively.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PPRDC (<span><span>https://sadeosun-pprdc.streamlit.app</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>) performed better than gpLLMs in this abstract classification task. Among several other impacts, PPRDC opens a new frontier in bibliometric studies; it will also advance the goals of the Grenada Statements by aiding authors and journal editors in journal selection and article prioritization decisions, respectively.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 85-93"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142630617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying critical elements in using question prompt lists at the pharmacy counter to induce patient activation—using principles of conversation analysis","authors":"Karin Svensberg ,&nbsp;Susanne Kaae ,&nbsp;Nanna Broch Mottelson ,&nbsp;Christina Ljungberg Persson","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.10.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.10.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The incorporation of Question Prompt Lists (QPLs) into pharmacy interactions has been tested as an innovative strategy aimed at enhancing patient engagement and addressing personal information needs. However, there is a gap in understanding regarding how QPLs induce or reduce patient activation and contribute to improved medical treatment. The specific aim of the study was therefore to qualitatively describe how pharmacy encounters in which QPL are introduced unfold, in order to identify and discuss relevant interactional mechanisms that induce or reduce patient activation.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>The QPL, which includes questions about usage, interaction, side effects, and follow-up, was introduced to patients during pharmacy encounters. Employing a qualitative inductive approach based on principles from conversation analysis (CA), audio-recordings from 56 QPL encounters in community pharmacies were transcribed and thematically analysed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most meetings began with a long initiation phase focused on determining which medications to take home. This was followed by an introduction to the QPL and a natural break where the pharmacist left to get the medicines, giving the patient an opportunity to contemplate their needs, as prompted by the QPL. While the QPL itself was not explicitly explained or discussed, the majority of patients asked questions and shared personal information. Even those who were disinterested felt compelled to justify their stance, demonstrating the influence of the norm of reciprocity. However, instances of unsolicited information provision by the pharmacist, were still identified.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrates that QPLs can enhance patient activation in pharmacy encounters, even without detailed explanations, but their impact is not straightforward. The presence of the QPL encouraged patients to engage, share personal information, and ask questions. These findings suggest that QPLs can create opportunities for patient involvement, even in brief pharmacy interactions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 74-84"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142773878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and validation of the national High-Risk Medicine Classification using the Delphi method.","authors":"Elsi Similä, Johanna Jyrkkä, Marja Airaksinen, Terhi Toivo","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>High-risk medicines (HRMs) are medicines that have a higher risk of causing severe consequences for the patient when used in error.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a Finnish High-risk Medicine Classification (FIN-RiskMeds) to support healthcare professionals in HRM risk management.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The development of FIN-RiskMeds was coordinated by the Finnish Medicines Agency (Fimea) using the Delphi consensus method. The preliminary list of HRMs was based on an inventory of existing HRM lists, literature, and the expertise of the working group (WG). A three-round Delphi survey with 60 panelists and a public hearing were used to achieve consensus on the content of the classification. The consensus threshold was set at 70 %.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The expert panel agreed on 42 medicines or medicine classes (later 'items') to be included in the FIN-RiskMeds. A 70 % consensus was reached on 30 out of 60 items in Round 1 and on 13 out of 31 items in Round 2a. The strongest consensus was reached for warfarin, methotrexate, and opioids. The serious consequences and key risks of medicines and the medication process were described for all items after Rounds 2b and 3. Based on the WG's decision after a public hearing, the final classification consists of 38 items.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study produced expert consensus-based classifications of HRMs and a comprehensive list of their key risks. HRMs and their risks should be identified across health and social care to prevent potential medication errors. It is necessary to develop medication processes to minimize the risks associated with HRMs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143383819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The association between falls and fall-risk-increasing drugs among older patients in out-patient clinics: A retrospective cohort, single center study","authors":"Vanida Prasert ,&nbsp;Panupong Pooput ,&nbsp;Phanit Ponsamran ,&nbsp;Pasitpon Vatcharavongvan ,&nbsp;Pisitpong Vongsariyavanich","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.11.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2024.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3><u>Background</u></h3><div>Falls among older adults are considered a significant global health concern, often leading to severe injuries and increased healthcare costs. Fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs), such as opioids and benzodiazepines, have been identified as contributing factors, yet the causal relationship remains unclear. This study examined the association between FRIDs, identified using the STOPP version 2 and STOPP Fall criteria, and falls among older outpatients.</div></div><div><h3><u>Methods</u></h3><div>This retrospective cohort study included 19,705 patients aged 65 and older who visited outpatient clinics at Thammasat University Hospital, Thailand, in 2021. Data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographics, public health insurance schemes, diagnoses, and prescribed medications. FRIDs were identified using section K of STOPP version 2 and STOPPFall criteria. The association between FRIDs and falls was analyzed using multiple logistic regression.</div></div><div><h3><u>Results</u></h3><div>The prevalence of FRIDs was 33 %, with Lorazepam being the most common. The overall incidence of falls was 1.48 %. An adjusted relative risks (ARR) of falls in the participants with FRIDs was 1.35 (95 % CI: 1.03–1.76) and 1.31 (95 % CI: 1.03–1.66) according to STOPP version 2 and STOPPFall criteria, respectively. Females, patients over 70, and those with polypharmacy or frequent outpatient visits also had increased fall risks.</div></div><div><h3><u>Conclusion</u></h3><div>FRIDs are associated with an increased risk of falls among older adults in outpatient settings. These findings highlight the need for careful prescribing and monitoring of FRIDs, particularly in older patients with other fall risk factors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 2","pages":"Pages 104-109"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142740963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Return on investment of pharmacists' services among non-hospitalized patients: A scoping review.","authors":"Armando Silva Almodovar, Bella Blankenship, Julia Miller, Mallory Trombetta, E Michael Murphy","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>As pharmacists' role has evolved to encompass medication management services, there has been limited expansion of insurance coverage of these services. Investment in services by employers and insurance plans may be limited due to concerns regarding financial viability and an unclear return on investment (ROI).</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review described reported ROI of studies evaluating pharmacist driven medication management services among non-hospitalized patients. A secondary objective was to describe key details of included studies that could impact the ROI analysis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Reporting for this scoping review was conducted in consultation with the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses extension for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science from inception up to the search date. Two-stage process in the Covidence web platform was utilized to screen and identify studies. For studies to be included, the study (1) needed to be a pharmacy service provided to a non-hospitalized patient, (2) needed to have evaluated the effect of the intervention on medical costs or medical and prescription costs, and (3) needed to report ROI as an outcome. Extracted data included year of publication, study design, follow-up, or observation period, setting, sample size, perspective of analysis, inclusion and exclusion criteria, type and description of intervention, and details and outcomes of economic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 28 studies included. ROI ranged from -3% to 504 % among the nine studies that reported ROI as percentages. ROI ranged from $1.29 to $18.5 per dollar spent on the pharmacy service among the 19 studies that reported ROI as a ratio. Only one study reported a negative ROI. A total of five studies did not report how ROI was calculated.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>There was a largely positive return on investment of pharmacists' services provided in outpatient settings from the perspective of payers and employers. However, a lack of consistency and clarity in the reporting of study characteristics and economic outcomes was noted, which may partly limit the generalizability and utility of economic analyses to support the implementation of new pharmacists' services in other settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143374875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists: A systematic review and narrative synthesis of the international literature.","authors":"Paul Forsyth, Barry Maguire, James Carey, Robert O'Brien, Janice Maguire, Lesley Giblin, Roisin O'Hare, Gordon F Rushworth, Scott Cunningham, Andrew Radley","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Flourishing and belonging are key concepts for the wellbeing of staff and the success of a profession. Alienation and anomie are distinct types of psycho-social ills which inhibit flourishing and belonging. A better understanding of these may offer hope in preventing many negative work endpoints, including burnout and intention to leave.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To systematically review and narratively synthesise alienation and/or anomie in pharmacists across the globe, reviewing all types of methodological designs, published in peer-reviewed journals.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We identified published peer-reviewed research through searching eight electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science - Core Collection, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and extensive hand/citation searching. Two independent reviewers identified and critiqued eligible studies, extracted data, and synthesised the findings. The synthesis evaluated the focuses, causes, associated factors, and/or consequences of alienation and/or anomie and aligned these to six deductive themes from alienation theory: care; values; meaning; recognition; autonomy; and shared responsibility.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Searches identified 886 papers, with 47 included in the final results. From the synthesis, ten key causes of alienation and/or anomie were identified; 1) Changing Professional Identity, 2) Reimbursement Models & Corporatisation, 3) Focus on Medicines Rather than People, 4) Misunderstanding & Deprofessionalisation, 5) Environments & Culture, 6) Suboptimal Societal Mandate, 7) Roles Misaligned with Aspirations, 8) Systematic Underutilisation, 9) Lack of Professional Agency, and 10) Value Conflict. From the evidence, there was high confidence that inhibitions of care, values, recognition, and/or autonomy (four of the six deductive themes) were associated with alienation and/or anomie.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Alienation and/or anomie are present across many countries and regions. This paper helps us understand the aetiology of this complex psycho-social syndrome, a necessary first step in creating an inclusive profession where all pharmacists can flourish. Future research needs to trial new interventions targeted at correcting this professional malady.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143460194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The outcomes of pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care within community pharmacies: An overview of systematic reviews.","authors":"Ranim Fares, Bardiau Marjorie, Cindy Chaballe, Robin Crunenberg","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.015","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Community pharmacists' practice has shifted from product-oriented to patient-oriented in recent decades with the goal of achieving the optimal use of medications while enhancing the patient's quality of life. The impact of pharmaceutical care services provided by community pharmacists is yet to be determined.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to summarize the findings from secondary literature on pharmacist-led pharmaceutical care interventions and their impact on clinical, economic, humanistic, and behavioral outcomes of patients attending community pharmacies.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An overview of systematic reviews, with or without meta-analysis, was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases. Articles published up until October 2023 were identified. The following data were extracted: eligible study details, the country in which the study was conducted, year, population, interventions, and resulting outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 310 publications, 90 full-text articles were evaluated for eligibility, and 29 studies that evaluated the impact of pharmacy services provided within the community pharmacies were selected. The articles covered patients with or without health conditions. Interventions were diverse, focusing on a patient-centered approach, varying between collaborating with other healthcare professionals to achieve desired health outcomes or collaborating with patients through education and counseling and promoting healthier lifestyles. Improving patients' medication adherence and understanding of their conditions resulted in better clinical and behavioral outcomes. While evidence on economic and humanistic outcomes is less conclusive, some studies suggest that these services can lead to cost savings, improved quality of life, and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Pharmacy services provided by community pharmacists can lead to an improvement in clinical and behavioral outcomes. While there is some evidence indicating benefits in economic and humanistic outcomes, this evidence is less consistent and should be interpreted cautiously. This umbrella review highlights the importance of further research to strengthen the evidence base and guide the integration of pharmacy services into healthcare systems worldwide, supporting the shift to a patient-centered approach.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143433930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advanced pharmacy service provision in community pharmacy across the United Kingdom and Ireland: A Scoping review.","authors":"Muireann Counihan, Isabella Stein, Cecilia Flynn, Aishling O'Regan, Shane Clarke, Mark Ledwidge, Cristín Ryan","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The scope of practice for community pharmacists across the United Kingdom (UK) and Ireland is expanding, with advanced pharmacy services (APS) that exceed the traditional scope of practice of a community pharmacist being provided. Current literature highlights that there is variation in APS provision and renumeration for those service across the UK and Ireland.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This scoping review aims to describe and compare the APS provided by community pharmacists across the UK and Ireland for which community pharmacists receive government reimbursement and explore stakeholder perspectives of these services.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>This scoping review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews Checklist and followed Arskey and O'Malley's guidance for undertaking scoping reviews. Systematic searches of the electronic databases Embase, PubMed, SCOPUS and Google Scholar were undertaken using search terms such as 'community pharmacist' and 'advanced service', from January 2010 to August 2022. Articles were included if they reported an APS, renumeration for an APS and/or stakeholders' views of APS. Results were summarised narratively.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>After screening 4009 records, 75 publications were included. More Government renumerated APS were provided across the UK [Wales (n = 14); England (n = 10); Scotland (n = 8); Northern Ireland (n = 4)] than in Ireland (n = 4). Stakeholders (patients, pharmacists and general practitioners) found the provision of APS in community pharmacy ideal especially when tailored to local demographic needs, noting accessibility and economic benefits as key advantages.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Despite similarities in the traditional services provided by community pharmacists, there is diversion in the provision and availability of APS across the UK and Ireland. Further APS could be provided in some countries which can reflect local population needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143426189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical naloxone communication tips for pharmacists: Lessons learned from the Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care.","authors":"Leticia E B Vieira, Bayla Ostrach, Salisa Westrick, Korey A Kennelty, Kevin A Look, Delesha M Carpenter","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.014","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Opioid overdose is an ongoing public health issue in the rural United States and can be countered by increasing access to the opioid antagonist naloxone. Community pharmacists are well-positioned to offer and dispense naloxone to patients at risk of opioid overdose, but still experience a range of communication barriers. Understanding rural patient communication preferences is essential to prepare pharmacists to discuss naloxone in a patient-centered manner.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore rural community pharmacists' and patients' naloxone communication preferences employing the Linguistic Model of Patient Participation in Care (LM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 community pharmacists and 40 patients from rural areas in Alabama, Iowa, North Carolina, and Wisconsin. After a thematic analysis of the interview transcripts, three code reports were selected for a secondary qualitative analysis informed by the LM.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All elements described in the LM (Predisposing Factors, Enabling Factors, And Provider's Communication Style) were associated with patient-pharmacist naloxone communication. The analysis revealed four additional factors not accounted for in the model: Stigma, Privacy, Insurance Coverage and Price, and Collaboration with Physician.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Patient-pharmacist naloxone conversations are impacted by the factors described in the LM, as well as several pharmacy-specific factors which were included in an adapted conceptual model. Future studies should consider these findings when developing interventions to improve patient-pharmacist communication and pharmacists can utilize the practical tips provided to actively address the opioid epidemic.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143068416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}