Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"A community pharmacy vaccination nudge intervention: Final results of a nationwide study","authors":"Kenneth C. Hohmeier , Andrea Brookhart , Olivia Kinney , Kayla Dillon , Chi-Yang Chiu , Kelsey D. Frederick , Tracy Hagemann , Sujith Ramachandran , Justin Gatwood","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Community pharmacy is involved in an increasing number of clinical services, although this has been hindered by barriers related to workload and workflow. Borrowing from theories in behavioral economics, “nudges” aim to influence behavior through non-conscious decisions. One large area of potential impact for “nudge” theory is provider-facing screening and recommendations for vaccinations, but the manner in which these mechanisms have been adopted over time is not well understood. To date no evidence exists on the effectiveness of these “nudges” in the community pharmacy setting.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The objective of this study is to report on final results of a pharmacist-targeted behavioral “nudge” to improve second dose completion rates for herpes zoster (HZ) vaccination. A secondary objective was to explore pharmacist acceptance of the nudge-based intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A multi-methods approach was used to assess this quality improvement exercise in a large community pharmacy chain, including vaccine uptake counts and semi-structured interviews with community pharmacists. Changes in second-dose completion of a two-dose HZ vaccine were abstracted from the pharmacy dispensing system and assessed over 17 months once the clinical decision support (CDS) intervention became active. The qualitative arm of the project involved semi-structured, in-depth telephone interviews with pharmacists. Qualitative data was assessed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to assess contextual barriers and enablers to the intervention. Linear trend analysis examined both series completion and dosing intervals over the observation period.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Thirty-six states were represented across 2271 pharmacies. Despite initial declines in completion percentages and increases in the vaccine dosing windows once the CDS system was implemented, overall improvements in both measures were realized over the course of the observation period (p < 0.01 for completion percentage trend; p < 0.001 for linear trend in mean inter-dose window). Themes derived from a total of 12 in-depth interviews included that the “nudge” positively impacted pharmacist performance expectancy, facilitated patient screening and recommendation process, integrated seamlessly into existing clinical workflows, and social influence positively impacted acceptance of “nudge.”</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Community pharmacies may further their impact on public health via the use of “nudges” and other clinical decision support tools to support workflow integration. Pharmacists generally regard such interventions positively given their desire to provide more clinical services but not having adequate time to screen patients within workflow. To engage community pharmacies future research should identify means for technology to overcome workload constraints, such as “nudg","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 443-450"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145670333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of pharmacist-led antibiotic stewardship audit-feedback intervention; systematic review and meta-analysis","authors":"Duaa Salem Jawhar ,&nbsp;Amer Hayat Khan ,&nbsp;Khurshid Alam ,&nbsp;Rabbiya Ahmad","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance continues to burden healthcare systems globally. Antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are recognized as a cornerstone strategy to mitigate inappropriate antibiotic use and curb resistance. Despite their growing implementation, the impact of pharmacist-led audit and feedback interventions within ASPs remains insufficiently explored.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To synthesize the evidence on the effect of pharmacist-led audit-feedback interventions within ASPs.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In accordance with PRISMA guidelines, the pooled estimate of pharmacist-led ASP audit-feedback interventions was calculated using a random-effects model. The Cochrane risk of bias tools were employed to assess the quality of the studies. We searched PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO/CINAHL, and Web of Science from January 1, 2000, to June 30, 2024. We included randomized controlled trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, and quasi-experimental studies. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using the leave-one-out method. Publication bias was assessed through funnel plot and Egger's regression test. Study protocol registered with PROSPERO (CRD420251036088).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 69,666 studies were screened, with 14 ultimately included in the final qualitative and quantitative analysis. Including 17805 patients in the pooled analysis. Pharmacist-led ASP audit-feedback intervention associated with reduction in antibiotic days of therapy, length of hospital stay (MD = −5.93, 95 % CI -12.90-1.03, I² 97.7 %), significant increase in appropriate antibiotic prescribing practice (OR 2.72, 95 % CI 1.51–4.88, I² 75 %) and 25 % reduction in mortality (OR 0.75, 95 % CI 0.55–1.03, I² 88 %)</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This systematic review and meta-analysis provide growing evidence that pharmacist-led audit and feedback interventions within ASPs are associated with a significant improvement in appropriate antibiotic prescribing and reduction in mortality, length of hospital stay, and days of therapy. These findings support the integration of pharmacists as key leaders in ASPs and highlight the potential for policymakers to prioritize investment in pharmacist-led stewardship roles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 415-424"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing accuracy and completeness of drug information in mobile apps compared with Micromedex®: An AI-based study in Thai online communities","authors":"Yutthapoom Meepradist ,&nbsp;Somchart Chokchaitam ,&nbsp;Nuttinee Teerakulkittipong ,&nbsp;Phakdee Sukpornsawan","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.12.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.12.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Ensuring access to accurate and complete drug information is fundamental to rational medication use. Mobile medical applications (MMAs) are increasingly used by healthcare providers; however, their quality compared with institutional databases remains underexplored, especially in non-English and resource-limited settings. Natural Language Processing (NLP), particularly using Thai-language transformer models such as WangchanBERTa, enables automated screening and classification of real-world drug-related queries derived from public online communities.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aimed to compare the accuracy and completeness of drug information from three MMAs—Lexicomp®, Medscape®, and Epocrates®—against the institutional gold standard, Micromedex®, using AI-classified Thai-language clinical questions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A total of 1500 Thai-language questions about drug therapy were collected from online health forums (Pharmacafe, Pantip, Reddit). Using WangchanBERTa for text classification and stratified sampling, 194 representative questions were mapped to 13 pharmacoinformatic domains. Each question was answered using the three MMAs and Micromedex®. Three licensed pharmacists independently scored each response for accuracy and completeness using a validated binary checklist (1 = correct/complete; 0 = incorrect/incomplete). Inter-rater consensus was achieved through group discussion. Accuracy and completeness were expressed as percentages and analyzed via one-way ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc testing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Micromedex® demonstrated the highest accuracy (55.7 %) and completeness (53.2 %), significantly outperforming Epocrates® (p &lt; 0.05). Among MMAs, Lexicomp® showed superior performance (accuracy = 32.3 %; completeness = 29.4 %), whereas Medscape® (accuracy = 31.6 %; completeness = 28.8 %) and Epocrates® (accuracy = 20.7 %; completeness = 18.0 %) ranked lower. The weighted composite score used previously (60 % accuracy + 40 % completeness) was removed for simplicity and clarity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>While Lexicomp® demonstrates potential as a practical alternative to Micromedex® in ambulatory and community-based pharmacy environments, none of the MMAs achieved equivalent reliability. Real-world Thai-language data analyzed through NLP pipelines provide a reproducible framework for pharmacoinformatic benchmarking. This approach supports rational medication use and guides digital-tool selection in low-resource healthcare systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 474-481"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145769604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Healthcare costs and cost determinants of minor ailments: A population-based retrospective cohort study","authors":"Vanessa Koo,&nbsp;Diedron Lewis,&nbsp;Mhd Wasem Alsabbagh,&nbsp;Nardine Nakhla,&nbsp;William W.L. Wong","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Estimating the cost of providing healthcare services for minor ailments (MA) is essential to address the impact of newly legislated pharmacist prescribing on the burden these conditions place on healthcare budgets.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study aims to quantify the healthcare costs associated with minor ailment management in Ontario, describe patient characteristics by cost burden, and identify predictors of high-cost encounters.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This study employed a population-based retrospective cohort design, utilizing linked health administrative data from 2011 to 2019. The cost of care, in 2019 Canadian dollars, for up to 30 days after seeing a physician for MA was estimated from the perspective of a public payer. It included expenses from inpatient or physician visits, prescribed medication and emergency department visits. A gamma regression model with a logarithmic link was used to evaluate the impact of age, sex, income, residence, and a history of comorbidities on total cost.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over 34 million cases of MA were identified during the study period, with musculoskeletal sprains and strains accounting for 23.7 % of these cases. This ailment was also the costliest ($15.8 billion). Inpatient and physician care were the most expensive services. Higher costs were associated with older population groups, males, individuals with lower incomes, those living in urban spaces, and those with comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Hospital and physician-based care pose a substantial financial burden to the Ontario government. An understanding of how the determinants of cost and care pathways influence health budgets is essential to inform decisions on more efficient yet equally effective strategies, such as pharmacist prescribing for MA.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 425-434"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145745235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a preliminary, stakeholder-validated service framework for people with intellectual disability: Insights and limitations from a co-design study","authors":"Chelsea Felkai ,&nbsp;Suzanne Neilsen ,&nbsp;Joyce Cooper ,&nbsp;David Newby ,&nbsp;Hayley Croft","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>People with intellectual disability experience inequities in access to primary healthcare and pharmacists are well positioned to support this population. This study aimed to co-create a pharmacist-led primary care service framework for people with intellectual disability, grounded in participatory principles and informed by stakeholders lived experience.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Within a Participatory Action Research approach, two co-design workshops (online) were conducted with 18 stakeholders, including people with intellectual disability, carers, and health professionals, in the Newcastle/Hunter Region, Australia. A convergent qualitative approach integrated workshop transcripts, field notes, and facilitator debriefs via reflexive thematic analysis to iteratively develop and validate themes. Nominal Group Technique was used to prioritise and refine service concepts.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Stakeholders co-developed a preliminary six-domain service framework: (1) Medication Management; (2) Preventative Care; (3) Monitoring and Referral; (4) Interprofessional Collaboration; (5) Communication and Education; and (6) Availability and Accessibility. Key features included structured chronic disease screening, immunisation delivery, flagging of physical challenges to prompt follow-up, shared care planning across professionals, and communication supports ensuring health literacy.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The participatory co-design process produced a preliminary, stakeholder-validated, multi-dimensional framework. Given the limited lived-experience representation and short duration of engagement, the framework should be considered an early prototype requiring further refinement, pilot testing, and broader validation before generalisation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 3","pages":"Pages 491-500"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145913441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PharmaCenter: Impact of post-discharge pharmaceutical carea consultation on medication-related problems in the emergenc department: A comprehensive analysis","authors":"Beatriz Torroba-Sanz ,&nbsp;Ana De Lorenzo-Pinto ,&nbsp;Álvaro Giménez-Manzorro ,&nbsp;Carmen Redondo-Galán ,&nbsp;Daniel Gómez-Costas ,&nbsp;Juana Benedí ,&nbsp;Ana Herranz-Alonso ,&nbsp;Maria Sanjurjo-Sáez","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Transitions of care, particularly after discharge from hospital emergency services, are critical periods associated with a high risk of medication-related problems. These often arise from communication failures and incomplete pharmacotherapeutic information. PharmaCenter was established as a pharmacist-led consultation service designed to manage pharmacotherapeutic queries arising after hospital discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To describe the implementation of PharmaCenter and evaluate its clinical performance. Secondary objectives included assessing its capacity to resolve medication-related problems, analyzing service accessibility and usability, and evaluating patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A retrospective observational study was conducted over two years in a tertiary teaching hospital. The service was available 24 h a day, seven days a week, providing patients discharged from three emergency departments with access to consultation by telephone or email. Each query was analyzed in terms of origin, time to consultation, time to resolution, and need for physician involvement. A structured survey was used to assess patient satisfaction.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Over the study period, 1485 patients used the service, generating 1626 consultations. Most queries originated from adult emergency care. The median time from discharge to consultation was 2.33 days, and the mean resolution time was 1.36 h. In 54.1 percent of cases, pharmacists provided a complete response without physician input. The most frequent issue was failure to prescribe medications in the electronic prescribing system. Among respondents to the satisfaction survey, 93.9 percent indicated the service helped avoid a return to a healthcare facility.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>PharmaCenter effectively addressed post-discharge medication-related problems and demonstrated high levels of patient satisfaction, offering a scalable model to support safer transitions of care.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 311-316"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145369087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A survey of open science attitudes and behaviors among US pharmacy faculty","authors":"Spencer E. Harpe","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.10.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>To describe the attitudes, behaviors, and perceived disciplinary norms for open science practices among US pharmacy faculty and examine differences across pharmacy disciplines.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This cross-sectional study used the Center for Open Science's Open Scholarship Survey modules on data sharing, code sharing, materials sharing, preregistration, preprints, and open access publishing. Attitudes were measured using a scale from 1 (Very much against) to 5 (Very much in favor). The study questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 3200 faculty from the AACP Roster of Pharmacy Faculty as of February 2022. Individuals with ≥0.8 full-time equivalent faculty appointment in pharmacy practice or one of the pharmaceutical sciences were eligible to participate.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Responses were obtained from 663 faculty (389 complete; 274 partial). Open access publishing (mean [SD]: 4.1 [0.9]) showed the most positive attitudes. Study preregistration (3.2 [0.9]) and posting preprints (3.1 [1.1]) were the least positive. Attitudes for data sharing, code sharing, and study preregistration were statistically significant across disciplines. The most commonly reported open science practice was open access publishing (mean [SD], 27.7 % [29.1 %]). Study preregistration was the least common (mean [SD], 1.7 % [7.0 %]). After accounting for respondent and institutional characteristics, disciplinary differences in data sharing, study preregistration, and posting preprints were noted.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study provides a baseline assessment of attitudes towards and engagement in open science practices among US pharmacy faculty. Given the relatively low frequency with which open science practices were reported, there is considerable room for improvement in the uptake of open science practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 317-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145524502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The feasibility of implementing a hospital deprescribing behaviour change intervention and undertaking trial processes: A mixed methods evaluation","authors":"Sion Scott ,&nbsp;Jacqueline Martin-Kerry ,&nbsp;Megan Pritchard ,&nbsp;Bethany Atkins ,&nbsp;Allan B. Clark ,&nbsp;Kelly Grant ,&nbsp;David P. Alldred ,&nbsp;Antony Colles ,&nbsp;Amber Hammond ,&nbsp;Katherine Murphy ,&nbsp;Victoria L. Keevil ,&nbsp;Ian Kellar ,&nbsp;Martyn Patel ,&nbsp;Erika Sims ,&nbsp;Jo Taylor ,&nbsp;David A. Turner ,&nbsp;Miles Witham ,&nbsp;David Wright ,&nbsp;Debi Bhattacharya","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.11.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>CompreHensive geriAtRician-led MEdication Review (CHARMER) is a behaviour change intervention designed to address the determinants of geriatricians and pharmacists deprescribing in hospital. CHARMER comprises a deprescribing action plan, deprescribing briefings, videos of successful deprescribing consultations, deprescribing case studies workshop and a deprescribing performance dashboard. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of undertaking a CHARMER definitive trial and inform primary outcome measure selection (90-day hospital readmission or patient quality of life (QoL)).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A two-arm purposive allocation feasibility study was undertaken in four hospitals (three intervention, one control). Intervention fidelity and acceptability, outcome data completeness and quality were evaluated alongside acceptability of data collection methods. The process evaluation explored these via interviews with staff and patients. Data were used to inform primary outcome measure selection.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Eighteen geriatricians and pharmacists received the CHARMER intervention and 318 patients admitted to study wards were enrolled. 90-day hospital readmission data were available for 290 (91.2 %) patients. Sixty-six (20.8 %) were approached for consent to complete QoL measures; 25 (37.9 %) consented and 13 (52 %) completed at baseline and 90-day follow up.</div><div>All intervention components were implemented with acceptable fidelity; hospitals were unfamiliar with implementing action plans and unclear who should be involved with implementing the dashboard, leading to delays.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The CHARMER intervention is feasible to implement and given the low patient consent rate, 90-day readmission rate is the most appropriate primary outcome measure. Minor refinements to guidance will facilitate hospitals to undertake activities for implementation that are unfamiliar.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>The study was registered on <em>ISRCTN</em> (<span><span>ISRCTN11899506</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 333-339"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145649843","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Collaborative pharmacist prescribing models in Australian hospitals: A scoping study","authors":"Hana Amer ,&nbsp;Sally Marotti ,&nbsp;Imaina Widagdo ,&nbsp;Sharon Goldsworthy ,&nbsp;Jacinta Johnson ,&nbsp;Lisa Kalisch Ellett","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Collaborative pharmacist prescribing models have been trialled and implemented in Australian hospitals and involve credentialed pharmacists working with doctors and patients to develop patient medicine plans and prescribe medicines.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>This study aimed to identify pharmacist prescribing policies and procedures in Australian hospitals and provide a narrative summary of the models and associated training.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A scoping study was conducted using an exploratory and descriptive approach to identify and map pharmacist prescribing models implemented in Australian hospitals, and their associated training. Hospital pharmacy directors in Australia were contacted through a hospital pharmacy professional organisation in November 2023 and were asked to provide their pharmacist prescribing policies and procedures. Details of the models and training programs were extracted and summarised, with similarities and differences narratively reported.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Fifteen different collaborative pharmacist prescribing models were reported to be implemented across more than 35 hospitals. Fourteen models had a formal training program. The models varied in scope of practice, particularly relating to medicine initiation and the timing of prescribing. The training and maintenance of currency of practice differed between models. Only three models recognised credentialing from other hospitals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The study reveals variation in scope of practice, training, and credentialing processes between pharmacist prescribing models, with limited recognition and transferability of prescribing skills across jurisdictions in Australia. Efforts to establish national accreditation standards for pharmacist prescriber education programs and the recent introduction of a national credentialing program, could pave the way for the standardisation of the models and training within Australian hospitals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 185-194"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145245633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the concept and definition of scope of practice in pharmacy: A scoping review","authors":"Mitchell Budden ,&nbsp;Shalom I. Benrimoj ,&nbsp;Francisco Martinez Mardones ,&nbsp;Sarah Dineen-Griffin","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.09.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The term <em>scope of practice</em> (SOP) is gaining increasing traction within the pharmacy profession, reflecting its growing importance. Despite this, definitions and interpretations remain varied, as evidenced by the number of definitions and the variety of synonyms and adjectives used in the literature.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>(i) To examine the conceptual diversity in terminology used to describe SOP for the pharmacy profession across different jurisdictions; (ii) to propose a curated list of definitions and examples, along with recommended contexts for their application at local, national, and international levels.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A scoping review was conducted following JBI methodology and reported according to PRISMA-ScR guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase were searched to January 2025. Grey literature was explored using Google, the Overton database, and other methods. Titles and abstracts of identified records were screened, followed by full-text review against inclusion criteria. Definitions were systematically categorised to identify thematic patterns, overlaps, and distinctions, informing the development of a curated list of SOP definitions for pharmacy.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Of 4,010 peer-reviewed records, 2,106 were screened after removing duplicates, with 31 publications meeting inclusion criteria. An additional 49 grey literature reports were included. A total of 172 definitions were compiled, capturing both phrasing and contextual application of SOP terminology. While no single universally accepted definition emerged, most aligned with three dominant conceptual themes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The growing focus on pharmacy SOP highlights the need for a more unified and strategic framework. Consolidating definitions into a curated and accessible resource can improve clarity and consistency across educational, clinical, policy, and regulatory domains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"22 2","pages":"Pages 195-208"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2026-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145233749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}