Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy最新文献

{"title":"Psychometric properties of the caregiver contribution to self-care of oral anticancer agents index: Longitudinal study.","authors":"Marco Di Nitto, Federica Lacarbonara, Tatiana Bolgeo, Vincenzo Damico, Greta Ghizzardi, Sipontina Rita Zerulo, Rosaria Alvaro, Francesco Torino, Ercole Vellone","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The use of oral anticancer agents (OAAs) has increased in recent decades. Despite the advantages of OAAs, people with cancer face challenges such as adherence, prevention, recognition, and management of OAA side effects. Informal caregivers can help their patients who take OAAs by facing the above challenges with the implementation of behaviours to maintain stability (Caregiver contribution to self-care maintenance), monitoring (Caregiver contribution to self-care monitoring) and managing (Caregiver contribution to self-care management) the conditions of their patients.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To develop and test the psychometric properties of the Caregiver Contribution to self-care in the Oral Anticancer Agents Index (CC-SCOAAI).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A longitudinal study was conducted. Factorial validity was tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Furthermore, we also tested the internal consistency and validity of the CC-SCOAAI construct. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to demonstrate associations between CC-SCOAAI scores and patient's re-hospitalizations, emergency-room attendances, and mortality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 318 caregivers, mostly female (63.52 %), with an age of <44 (39.94 %) and spouse of the patient (54.66 %). The CFA demonstrated the factorial validity of the CC-SCOAAI. Caregivers of patients with more re-hospitalizations had a lower contribution to self-care maintenance (U = 2933.500; p = .04), while caregivers of patients with more emergency room admissions (U = 1392.500; p < .001) and re-hospitalizations (U = 2385.500; p < .001) had a lower contribution to self-care management. Caregivers of patients with emergency-room admissions (U = 1392.500; p = .005), re-hospitalisations (U = 2322.500; p < .001) and mortality (U = 515.500; p = .001) had lower contribution to self-care monitoring.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CC-SCOAAI is a valid and reliable tool. Given that caregivers are crucial in supporting these patients, the CC-SCOAAI may help clinicians improve caregiver efficacy and researchers using CC-SCOAAI to determine better self-care outcomes in patients with OAA.</p>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143190972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content validation of drug problem-oriented clinical record","authors":"Tâmara Natasha Gonzaga de Andrade Santos ,&nbsp;Givalda Mendonça da Cruz Macieira ,&nbsp;Kérilin Stancine Santos Rocha ,&nbsp;Mônica Thais Ferreira Nascimento ,&nbsp;Fernando de Castro Araújo Neto ,&nbsp;Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto de Araújo ,&nbsp;Alessandra Rezende Mesquita ,&nbsp;Divaldo Pereira de Lyra ,&nbsp;Alfredo Dias de Oliveira Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.009","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.009","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Worldwide, hospitals are responsible for restoring health. However, poorly executed processes in these institutions can lead to risks and harm to patients, especially in identifying drug related problems. This fact justifies the proposal of tools to support the diagnosis, management and resolution of these problems<strong>.</strong></div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To develop and content validate a clinical record that is oriented towards drug-related problems.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A drug-oriented clinical record was first developed, after which it underwent content validation. The study was carried out between September and December 2017.7 The first version of the drug-related clinical record was prepared by two experienced researchers, using studies and problem-oriented medical tools described in the literature. Thereafter, content validation was performed using the nominal group technique. The expert panel consisted of a physician, two nurses, and three pharmacists with clinical experience in a hospital setting or pharmaceutical care. After that, the respective instrument was assessed according to the criteria objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance. These criteria are intended to ensure the rigor and reliability of instrument content.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Experts’ suggestions included modification of the order of some items, insertion of new items, modification of item-writing procedures, expansion of specific fields, and better specification of data that is to be filled in as an item. The final version of the instrument was titled “DAM Clinical Record” (Diagnostics - Adverse Clinical Findings - Medicines) and comprised 45 items categorized into six sections: Patient Identification, Anamnesis, Clinical Diagnosis, Adverse Clinical Findings, Medicines and Pharmaceutical Evaluation.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>A clinical record oriented towards drug-related problems, named DAM, was developed to guide healthcare professionals in identifying and solving drug-related problems. All relevant information generated in the hospital setting was consecutively stored as drug problem-oriented clinical records after undergoing thorough content validation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 262-267"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143047537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of a drug-related problem oriented medical record in the medication review of critically ill patients – Randomized clinical trial","authors":"Tâmara Natasha Gonzaga de Andrade Santos ,&nbsp;Givalda Mendonça da Cruz Macieira ,&nbsp;Rafaella de Oliveira Santos Silva ,&nbsp;Giselle de Carvalho Brito ,&nbsp;Sabrina Joany Felizardo Neves ,&nbsp;Mônica Thaís Ferreira Nascimento ,&nbsp;Fernando de Castro Araújo Neto ,&nbsp;Alessandra Rezende Mesquita ,&nbsp;Divaldo Pereira de Lyra ,&nbsp;Alfredo Dias de Oliveira Filho","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>The identification and reduction of drug-related problems (DRPs) through DRP-oriented medical records during the hospitalization of critically impatients can optimize health indicators, such as length of hospital stay.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To determine the effect of medical records focused on drug-related problems on the duration of stay for patients in intensive care units.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted with patients assigned to intervention or the usual care groups involving clinical pharmacists. This trial occurred between March 2018 and March 2019 and was completed in two intensive care units within two hospitals in Brazil. Exploratory secondary outcomes included the mortality rate and reductions in Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) and Δ SOFA scores.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 150 patients participated—54.6 % were women, most being white (77.3 %). Further, the main diagnosis was Acute Coronary Syndrome (22.6 %), followed by Congestive Heart Failure (12.6 %) and Heart Failure (10 %). A significant difference was observed in the length of stay between the intervention group and the control group, respectively 7.08 days (±4.38) and 10.7 days (±6.32). Among the secondary outcomes, a significant difference was observed in the mortality rates between the two groups: (6.58 %) in the intervention group and 25.68 % in the control group. Regarding Δ SOFA, the intervention group exhibited a reduction of 4.63 in the SOFA score during hospitalization. The control group showed an increase of 1.88 in the score during the same period.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study demonstrated that the use of Diagnoses - Adverse Clinical Findings - Medications (DAM), a medical record model aimed at resolving drug-related problems, reduced the length of hospital stay and mortality rates among patients. Furthermore, this model proved to be more effective than the usual care provided by clinical pharmacists.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 268-276"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143059653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Developing a behaviour change intervention using information about greenhouse gas emissions to reduce liquid antibiotic prescribing","authors":"Joseph Pickles ,&nbsp;Laura Griffiths ,&nbsp;Alice Patricia McCloskey ,&nbsp;Nicola Vasey ,&nbsp;Emma Lim ,&nbsp;Adam Pattison Rathbone","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>The determinants of antimicrobial prescribing often involve social influence, which can be harnessed through behaviour change techniques (BCTs). While previous studies have used BCTs to address antimicrobial resistance, there is a lack of evidence regarding their application to address climate change-related issues in antibiotic prescribing. This study aimed to develop a behaviour change intervention (BCI) using information about greenhouse gas emissions to reduce liquid antibiotic prescribing.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A convenience sample of participants from a primary care practice in North East England participated in semi-structured interviews. The intervention design was guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour (COM-B) model. Data were analysed thematically, mapped to the TDF, and used to refine the BCI.</div></div><div><h3>Findings</h3><div>Participants identified motivating factors related to high rates of liquid prescribing, climate change, and solid oral dosage form (pill) aversion. The broader context of practice, such as initiatives reduce cost and improve sustainability, provided opportunities for intervention. Participants demonstrated the capability to change prescribing behaviours and expressed willingness to share resources within their teams.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>This study underscores the potential of BCIs using greenhouse gas emissions data to reduce liquid antibiotic prescribing. Further research should focus on implementing and evaluating these interventions in practice settings.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 277-286"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of community pharmacists in point-of-care testing and treatment for influenza and Group A Streptococcus -a narrative review using Ecological Systems Theory","authors":"Matthew Witry","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Point-of-care testing (POCT) is a valuable diagnostic approach for identifying pathogens such as Group A Streptococcus (GAS) and influenza. Early detection through POCT allows for timely initiation of appropriate treatments improving public health outcomes and minimizing antibiotic misuse. Community pharmacists are well positioned to offer POCT and treatment, but they face significant system level barriers to widespread implementation and reach.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This narrative review employs Ecological Systems Theory to examine the role of community pharmacists in the implementation of POCT and subsequent treatment for respiratory infections and synthesize findings from a range of studies at different levels of the system. Medline was used to identify articles with MESH headings of rapid diagnostic tests and community pharmacists. Articles were reviewed and used to inform the synthesis. Additional articles were identified using free-text search to fill gaps in the domains.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The review indicates that community pharmacists are well-positioned to provide POCT for respiratory infections, addressing barriers such as appointment availability, scheduling difficulties, and distance to primary care facilities. The accessibility of neighborhood pharmacies can significantly reduce health disparities by offering timely testing and treatment options. Studies demonstrate that early intervention facilitated by POCT in pharmacies leads to better health outcomes and more efficient use of antibiotics and antivirals.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Community pharmacists play a crucial role in expanding access to POCT and treatment for respiratory infections, particularly in underserved areas. Their involvement can lead to improved public health outcomes by ensuring early and appropriate treatment. Future research should focus on overcoming barriers to POCT implementation in pharmacies and further quantifying the impact on health disparities and treatment efficacy. The integration of POCT services in community pharmacies represents a significant advancement in public health strategy, enhancing the overall healthcare delivery system.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 205-214"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A scoping review of interventions to optimize medication adherence in hypertension comorbidity","authors":"Adwoa Oforiwaa Kwakye ,&nbsp;Araba Atta Hutton-Nyameaye ,&nbsp;Constance Caroline Cobbold ,&nbsp;Pauline Boachie-Ansah ,&nbsp;Irene A. Kretchy","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.008","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.008","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Patients with hypertension and other comorbidities have difficulties adhering to their medications which have negative impacts on clinical outcomes. Although some studies have identified strategies to improve medication adherence, a thorough analysis of these interventions will provide synthesized evidence for clinical decision-making and improved health outcomes for patients with hypertension comorbidities.</div></div><div><h3>Aim</h3><div>To conduct a scoping review on interventions that have been utilised to improve medication adherence in patients with hypertension and other co-morbid conditions.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: CINAHL, COCHRANE TRIALS, MEDLINE, and SCOPUS. One (1) search engine, GOOGLE SCHOLAR was included. This was done between September 2023 to February 2024. The PRISMA-SCR guidelines were followed for this review. A total of 456 unique studies were identified after duplicates were removed. Following screening and eligibility assessments, 26 papers were selected for review with a focus on the study aim and purpose, study population, interventions used and adherence measures.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Most of the interventions were delivered by pharmacists, with 25 studies utilising the multimodal intervention approach. A total of 22 studies (80 % of the total) found that the interventions significantly improved medication adherence. Results from 16 studies showed a significant improvement in blood pressure. Improvements in medication adherence were a common outcome of interventions that focused on patient education.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Interventions such as patient education, simplified treatment regimens, and multidisciplinary care can improve medication adherence and clinical outcomes in patients with hypertension and comorbidities, but further research is needed to understand long-term effects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 215-227"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143014247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of pharmaceutical pictograms on the textual comprehension of Prescription Medication Leaflets: A randomized controlled trial","authors":"Francisco Javier Ferreira-Alfaya,&nbsp;Yasmin Cura,&nbsp;María José Zarzuelo-Romero","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Clear patient instructions are essential in pharmaceutical care. However, literature reveals a consistent gap between the readability of medication messages and population skills. This study aimed to assess the comprehension of information in three Prescription Medication Leaflets, with and without supplementary US Pharmacopeia (USP) pictograms, among Spanish adolescents completing secondary education.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a multicenter randomized controlled trial. From March to June 2022, 590 students were randomly assigned to read Prescription Medication Leaflets for ibuprofen, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, and omeprazole, with or without USP pictograms. Comprehension was evaluated via questionnaire, alongside the European Health Literacy Survey short form, and sociodemographic data were collected. Mann-Whitney U and chi-square tests were used for analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Participant comprehension was significantly below the European standard, which requires at least 80 % readability for Prescription Medication Leaflets, even with pictograms. Pictograms, however, significantly enhanced comprehension across all medication package inserts (p &lt; 0.001 for all comparisons), especially among students with higher health literacy. High health literacy was a statistically significant factor in comprehension only within the experimental group (p = 0.005; p = 0.039; p = 0.004).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The discouraging results highlight the imperative for innovation in medication labeling design, employing patient-centered approaches. USP pictograms have been shown to significantly enhance the reading comprehension of medication package inserts among the Spanish population.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 245-252"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the sustained effectiveness of a novel pharmacy-based intervention to reduce older adult misuse of over-the-counter medications: A case for non-significance","authors":"Aaron M. Gilson ,&nbsp;Jamie A. Stone ,&nbsp;Maria E. Berbakov ,&nbsp;Emily L. Hoffins ,&nbsp;Joel Gollhardt ,&nbsp;Kenneth Walker ,&nbsp;Michelle A. Chui","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.005","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Misuse of over-the-counter (OTC) medications by older adults (age 65+) can comprise Drug-Age, Drug-Drug, Drug-Disease, and Drug-Label types. Pharmacies in the United States are prevalent sources of OTCs and are an apt setting to address OTC misuse. Senior Safe™ is a pharmacy-system redesign for preventing older adult OTC misuse. The redesign uses signage to designate high-risk OTCs and safer products for older adult use, as well as prompting older adults to engage with pharmacy staff around medication safety issue.</div></div><div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>This study compared misuse in pharmacies with initial Senior Safe implementation (Immediate Effects group) to pharmacies with Senior Safe after 3 months (Sustained Effects group).</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A non-equivalent group design, involving older adults recruited from matched and randomly-allocated pharmacy sites within a health system, compared the Immediate Effects (n = 83) and Sustained Effects (n = 65) groups. All participants were recruited outside the pharmacy and were given hypothetical symptom scenarios from which to choose (i.e., cough/cold/allergy, pain, or sleep). Participants were then asked to select an OTC to treat that symptom, and explain their OTC use at symptom onset and if symptoms persisted/worsened. Participants’ reported OTC use was evaluated for each misuse type. Multivariate modeling estimated differences in misuse between the Immediate and Sustained Effects groups.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>No significant differences emerged between Immediate and Sustained Effect groups for any misuse type for which statistical modeling was conducted. Drug-Age misuse was statistically less likely for sleep products (OR = 0.170, p = .005) and for adults aged 85+ when compared to the 65–74 and 75–84 age categories (OR = 3.979, p = .053; OR = 6.900, p = .031, respectively).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>These non-significant results suggest that the intervention effect was maintained at three months. Overall, then, misuse reductions occurring immediately after intervention implementation did not significantly increase after three months. System buy-in, including assessing costs to implement and maintain Senior Safe, is critical to promote broader adoption.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 253-261"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors associated with clinical alterations in patients diagnosed with HIV","authors":"Jorge Iván Estrada-Acevedo,&nbsp;Alejandra Rendón-Montoya,&nbsp;Juliana Madrigal-Cadavid,&nbsp;Marisella Londoño,&nbsp;Maria Jackeline Galvis","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>In recent years, the life expectancy of HIV patients has increased due to the introduction and development of antiretroviral therapies. However, although it has become a chronic pathology, the patients present a higher metabolic, hepatic, and renal risk and a greater aging than the general population.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the main factors associated with clinical alterations in patients with HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Observational, descriptive, retrospective, retrospective study in HIV patients attended by a pharmaceutical manager during 2023. A descriptive analysis was performed with measures of central tendency and summary, and a bivariate and multivariate analysis by means of logistic regression considering the presence of clinical alterations as the dependent variable.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 11126 HIV-positive patients were evaluated, mainly men (90 %), with a mean age of 40 years (SD 12.8) and a range between 19 and 95 years. A total of 48.5 % presented clinical alterations at risk levels that should be intervened in a timely manner to ensure the patient's adequate health status. Factors such as age, antiretroviral regimen, adherence, and drug persistence (p &lt; 0.001) were found to be associated with the development of clinical alterations in patients with HIV.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Establishing a prioritization in the follow-up and management of HIV patients focused on patients older than 60 years, with treatment regimens that include protease inhibitors and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, in antiretroviral therapy initiation, non-adherent and/or with drug persistence problems, could generate more effective interventions focused on reducing clinical risks.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 239-244"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142972832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient reported tools for assessing potential medicine-related symptoms: A systematic review","authors":"Abebe Basazn Mekuria ,&nbsp;Henok Getachew Tegegn ,&nbsp;Andre Q. Andrade ,&nbsp;Renly Lim ,&nbsp;Debra Rowett ,&nbsp;Elizabeth E. Roughead","doi":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.sapharm.2025.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Medicine-related symptom assessment tools have been developed to assist healthcare professionals in detecting potential medicine-related symptoms. This systematic review aimed to identify and evaluate the measurement properties of medicine-related symptom assessment tools.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A systematic search was conducted in Ovid Medline, Ovid Embase, Ovid PsychInfo, and SCOPUS databases up to March 16, 2024. The primary studies that described either the development or measurement properties of a tool for identifying medicine-related symptoms were included. Screening and data extraction was done independently by two reviewers using Covidence. The methodological risk of bias and assessment results of reported measurement properties were evaluated using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist.</div></div><div><h3>Result</h3><div>Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria, reporting on nine unique tools. All included tools had sufficient content validity assessment results. The PHArmacotherapeutical Symptom Evaluation-20 (PHASE-20) had adequate to very good methodological quality internal consistency, construct validity, and reliability. The Patient-Reported Adverse Drug Event Questionnaire also showed adequate methodological quality with sufficient reliability, criterion validity, and construct validity but required over 30 min to complete. The PHASE-proxy exhibited adequate to very good methodological quality, with sufficient results in criterion validity, structural validity, internal consistency, and reliability. The Patient-Reported Outcome Measure Inquiry into Side-Effects showed sufficient content validity but lacked data on other measurement properties.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>The majority of the identified tools were tested for one or more measurement properties. Among these tools, PHASE-20 is suitable for assessing medicine-related symptoms in elderly individuals who can participate independently, while PHASE-Proxy is for older adults with dementia or communication disabilities in nursing homes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":48126,"journal":{"name":"Research in Social & Administrative Pharmacy","volume":"21 4","pages":"Pages 193-204"},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142985209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}