European Eating Disorders Review最新文献

{"title":"Thyroid Hormone Use in Individuals With Eating Disorders.","authors":"Dennis Gibson, Dan V Blalock, Marina Foster","doi":"10.1002/erv.70129","DOIUrl":"10.1002/erv.70129","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Individuals with eating disorders are at an increased risk for misuse of thyroid hormone for several reasons, including the overlap in many of the clinical symptoms between malnutrition and hypothyroidism, changes to the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis, and increased frequency of compensatory behaviours. The purpose of this descriptive study is to investigate thyroid hormone use in individuals with eating disorders and its impact on thyroid function tests.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In this retrospective, descriptive study, chart review was used to investigate thyroid hormone use for 341 individuals seeking medical stabilisation for their eating disorders.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>10.6% of the cohort were taking various formulations of thyroid hormone replacement. Use of thyroid hormone was associated with greater frequency of low serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and abnormal free thyroxine.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Frequency of thyroid hormone use in this cohort is significantly greater than would be expected compared to the prevalence of thyroid disease from epidemiologic studies. The greater likelihood of low serum TSH in those taking thyroid hormones also suggests an increased risk for use of excessive hormone doses. Therefore, eating disorder providers must gather additional information upon learning that eating disorder clients are using thyroid hormones, as these occasions may offer an important opportunity for treatment intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":" ","pages":"1378-1383"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13432502/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147875629","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive Profiles and Predictors of Symptom Trajectory During and After Treatment in Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa.","authors":"Simar Singh, Franziska Plessow, Erin E Reilly, Sasha Gorrell, Brittany E Matheson, James D Lock, Daniel Le Grange","doi":"10.1002/erv.70128","DOIUrl":"10.1002/erv.70128","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Executive function deficits are well documented in anorexia nervosa and relate to poorer treatment outcomes, but their clinical relevance in bulimia nervosa (BN) is less clear. This study investigated associations between neurocognition and treatment outcomes in adolescents with BN using complementary hypothesis-driven and data-driven approaches.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adolescents with BN (N = 82) enrolled in a randomised controlled treatment trial completed the Delis-Kaplan Executive Functioning System (D-KEFS) and the Eating Disorder Examination (EDE). A priori executive functions investigated included cognitive flexibility, inhibition, problem-solving, and planning. K-means clustering derived neurocognitive profiles based on D-KEFS performance. Multilevel models examined whether a priori executive functions and cluster membership predicted trajectories of EDE Global Scores, objective binge-eating, and self-induced vomiting episodes from baseline to end-of-treatment and 6- and 12-month follow-ups, controlling for treatment condition (i.e., family-based treatment [FBT] versus cognitive behavioural therapy [CBT]).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>None of the a priori executive function indices predicted any outcome (all ps > 0.050). K-means clustering identified two distinct neurocognitive profiles. Relative to Cluster 1 (high-average D-KEFS performance), individuals in Cluster 2 (low-average D-KEFS performance) exhibited a significantly higher frequency of self-induced vomiting across post-treatment timepoints (p = 0.049).</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings suggest that neurocognitive profiles may be more informative for predicting psychopathology in adolescent BN than individual executive function measures. Better overall performance on the D-KEFS may confer protection against higher purging frequency across time. Identifying neurocognitive profiles at intake may help identify adolescents at risk for elevated purging over time and inform tailored interventions to support treatment outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":" ","pages":"1384-1394"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13390204/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147943200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reinforcement Learning in Eating Disorders: Clinical, Cognitive, and Metabolic Correlates.","authors":"Emiralp Büyüktopcu, Başak Yücel","doi":"10.1002/erv.70164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.70164","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Reinforcement learning has been implicated in eating disorders, but findings remain inconsistent. This study compared reinforcement learning performance in anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and healthy controls (HC) using the Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT), and explored clinical, cognitive, and metabolic correlates.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>The sample included 31 AN, 20 BN, and 25 HC participants. PRT performance, working memory, and pre-task blood glucose were assessed. Group differences were tested using ANOVA and repeated-measures GLM. Exploratory correlations and follow-up regression examined correlates of response bias indices.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Groups did not differ in total response bias or change in response bias, and no block or block × group effects emerged for response bias. Discriminability changed across blocks, but similarly across groups. Accuracy and reaction times did not differ. In AN, blood glucose was positively associated with change in response bias, and this association remained significant after correction. Follow-up regression showed that blood glucose explained 46.7% of the variance in change in response bias.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Findings do not support generalized diagnostic differences in reward-based response bias in AN or BN. However, the association between blood glucose and response bias change in AN suggests that acute metabolic context may influence reward-related task performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"'We Need Help Too'-The Forgotten Stakeholders: Exploring the Needs of Carers During Their Young Persons' Transition From Child to Adult Eating Disorder Services.","authors":"Isabel Lenham, Maria Livanou, Anya Heneghan, Grace Hill, Alanta McKenzie, Marta Marlais, Francesca Marshall, Zara Smalley, Eleni Xanthopoulou, Nora Kornai, Jessica Wilks, Ailsa McKay, Jun Teh, Julian Baudinet","doi":"10.1002/erv.70162","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.70162","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Carers are essential in their young person's recovery during transition from child to adult eating disorder services. Despite recommendations, carer's own needs can be overlooked in transition planning. Subsequently, carers experience distress in supporting their young person and navigating the transition. This study is part of the initial phase of a larger co-production project aiming to develop a new intervention supporting young people with eating disorders and their families in transitioning to adult services. This study explored the lived experiences of carers to deepen our understanding of carers experiences and needs during the transition.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted online, with carers who had experience of their young person transitioning from child and adolescent to adult eating disorder services, across two NHS sites in England.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Reflexive Thematic Analysis was used to analyse the data and five key themes were generated: (1) the forgotten stakeholders, (2) navigating the transition in the dark, (3) managing the intricacies of transition, (4) a plethora of service criteria and (5) negotiating the power dynamics.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Carers continue to articulate concerns that corroborate and reinforce the wider transitional care literature, with few carers feeling supported in the process. Prioritising the co-development of interventions supporting carers wellbeing during transition is key to ensure carers distress is not perpetuated.</p>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148762632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sport-Specific Factors and Values Leading to Normalisation of Disordered Eating Behaviours in Elite Sport: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Danielle Mercado, Olivia Howe, Laurence Claes, Silvia Camporesi","doi":"10.1002/erv.70163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.70163","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disordered eating behaviours (DEBs) can be normalised by elite sports values and norms, obscuring risk for DEBs.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This scoping review mapped (1) how DEBs are conceptualised in elite sport, (2) the values, norms, and institutional mechanisms that normalise them, and (3) the barriers that obstruct recognition and care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The search was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist, encompassing eight databases with no date limits. A protocol was registered; 3497 records were screened (1153 duplicates were removed), 283 full texts were reviewed, and 128 studies were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Study designs are largely crosssectional, based on self-report, and variably specific to particular sports. (1) DEBs are framed as a continuum ranging from functional practices to pathology, with tipping points linked to seasonality, injury and selection processes. (2) Normalisation mechanisms of DEBs stem from sports-specific values and norms, constituting an elite sporting ethic, body ideals, coach/team culture, institutional surveillance and public/media scrutiny. (3) Barriers for assessment and help-seeking include the moralisation of restrictive behaviours, stigma, 'toughness' norms, knowledge gaps, coach gatekeeping, organisational constraints and gendered assumptions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>System-level safeguards are needed and athlete-centred, protective initiatives should be prioritised over performance-oriented outcomes. Future research should prioritise longitudinal designs, elite sports-sensitive measures, and equity-oriented sampling.</p>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148766392","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Turning the TIDE: Paediatric Provider Perspectives on Implementing a Transition Intervention for Eating Disorders.","authors":"Maria Nicula, Melissa Kimber, Khrista Boylan, Jennifer Couturier","doi":"10.1002/erv.70159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/erv.70159","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This qualitative study aimed to explore paediatric providers' perspectives on the acceptability, feasibility, and appropriateness of the Transition Intervention for Eating Disorders (TIDE) within existing specialised paediatric eating disorder (ED) programs to inform its refinement and implementation in real-world clinical settings.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A Qualitative Description study was conducted in Ontario paediatric ED programs; clinicians and administrative staff participated in virtual focus groups and transcripts were analysed inductively using conventional content analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Twenty-four staff from five Ontario paediatric ED programs participated. TIDE was viewed as valuable and addressing unmet transition needs. Providers endorsed its components but emphasised tailoring to developmental readiness, family structures, and local service contexts. Peer support, structured transition meetings, navigation resources, and primary care involvement were seen as beneficial. Feasibility concerns centred on limited staffing, time, and coordination infrastructure, with many indicating willingness to implement selected components rather than the full model.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>TIDE was considered a promising framework, but successful implementation depends on contextual adaptation and organisational support. Flexible delivery that preserves core functions of TIDE may enhance its scalability and improve continuity of care for youth transitioning to adult ED services.</p>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148690113","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Participation in the New Maudsley Model Workshops is Associated With Reductions in Caregiver Burden in Eating Disorders","authors":"Cristiano Dani,&nbsp;Eleonora Rossi,&nbsp;Emanuele Cassioli,&nbsp;Giulia Selvi,&nbsp;Livio Tarchi,&nbsp;Francesco Rotella,&nbsp;Sandra Moretti,&nbsp;Maria Rita Troiani,&nbsp;Giulio D'Anna,&nbsp;Ilenia Giunti,&nbsp;Stefano Lucarelli,&nbsp;Janet Treasure,&nbsp;Valdo Ricca,&nbsp;Giovanni Castellini","doi":"10.1002/erv.70111","DOIUrl":"10.1002/erv.70111","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Caregivers of individuals with eating disorders (ED) frequently experience psychological distress, expressed emotion, and accommodation behaviours, contributing to caregiver burden. The New Maudsley Model (NMM) is a structured intervention designed to improve caregivers' emotional regulation, communication, and coping strategies. This study examined changes in caregiver burden associated with participation in NMM workshops and explored the temporal relationship between psychological distress and ED symptom impact.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A total of 447 caregivers participated, with 189 completing baseline and post-intervention assessments, including psychological distress (DASS-21), accommodation (AESED), expressed emotion (FQ), and ED symptom impact (EDSIS). Linear mixed models and structured equation modelling (SEM) were computed for longitudinal analyses.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant reductions were observed in anxiety, expressed emotion, accommodation, and ED symptom impact, following NMM workshops. Higher baseline psychological distress was associated with larger subsequent reductions in distress over time, while ED symptom impact was less modifiable over time, appearing influenced by family dynamics. Baseline ED symptom impact was associated with subsequent changes in caregiver distress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>These findings highlight the potential clinical utility of NMM workshops within standard ED care, emphasising the need to target caregiver beliefs, emotional responses, and coping behaviours to improve caregiver's well-being and possibly support better ED outcomes.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":"34 5","pages":"1221-1230"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/erv.70111","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147646861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parenteral Nutrition in Eating Disorders: A Systematic Scoping Review","authors":"Yosua Yan Kristian,&nbsp;Fitria Nusa Eka Pratiwy,&nbsp;Veronica Wijaya","doi":"10.1002/erv.70117","DOIUrl":"10.1002/erv.70117","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Eating disorders (EDs), particularly anorexia nervosa, are often associated with malnutrition that requires adequate nutritional support, including parenteral nutrition (PN) in selected cases. This scoping review summarises the existing evidence on the indications, outcomes, and complications of PN in patients with EDs.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>A systematic search was conducted in four databases (Embase, MEDLINE, Global Health, and APA PsycINFO) from inception to 30 March 2026. This review was reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR guidelines and registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/gqhzj).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We included 29 relevant studies. Most studies were conducted more than 10 years before this review. PN was primarily used in patients with severe EDs when oral or enteral nutrition was refused or poorly tolerated. PN was associated with weight gain and improvements in electrolyte and micronutrient status. The effects on serum proteins and haematological indices were inconsistent. Psychological outcomes were infrequently reported. The reported complications include elevated transaminases and catheter-related infections. Acceptability data were sparse, with clinicians rarely using PN routinely.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>PN has a limited but potentially helpful role in selected patients with EDs. However, this should be interpreted with caution, as recent evidence on PN is limited. Further high-quality studies are needed to provide clearer guidance to inform safe, ethical, and patient-centred practice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":"34 5","pages":"1250-1272"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147699382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glucose and Loss of Control Eating: Evidence From Naturalistic Assessment After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass","authors":"Gail A. Kerver,&nbsp;Kristine J. Steffen,&nbsp;Debra L. Safer,&nbsp;Glen Forester,&nbsp;David B. Sarwer,&nbsp;Stephen A. Wonderlich,&nbsp;Scott G. Engel","doi":"10.1002/erv.70102","DOIUrl":"10.1002/erv.70102","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>While loss of control (LOC) eating is associated with poor outcomes following metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS), the mechanisms driving it are less understood. This study used momentary, naturalistic data to examine glucose as a biological correlate of LOC eating after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Method</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Participants (45 adults one-year post-RYGB) completed 10 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) while wearing a continuous glucose monitor (CGM). Eating episodes reported in EMA were time-matched to CGM readings 3 hours before and after eating episodes. Four CGM metrics (mean, variability, time in hyper- and hypo-glycaemia) were used in multilevel models to test whether glucose functioning was a significant antecedent and/or consequence of LOC eating.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Greater mean glucose levels and variability each significantly predicted engagement in an eating episode, while more time spent in hyperglycemia predicted the absence of eating. Significantly higher mean glucose was observed after eating. No glucose metric specifically predicted engagement in LOC eating; however, LOC eating resulted in significantly greater glucose variability.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Glucose level and variability predicted subsequent eating, but not LOC eating. However, LOC eating was associated with subsequent glucose variability, which might help explain how LOC eating is associated with poorer outcomes following RYGB.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":"34 5","pages":"1304-1313"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/erv.70102","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of COVID-19 Lockdown on Psychopathology at the Onset of Eating Disorders","authors":"Elvira Anna Carbone,&nbsp;Cristiano Dani,&nbsp;Matteo Geraci,&nbsp;Alessia Romeo,&nbsp;Ana Jiménez-Peinado,&nbsp;Marianna Rania,&nbsp;Enrico Lodovici,&nbsp;Valentina Zofia Cordasco,&nbsp;Emanuele Cassioli,&nbsp;Eleonora Rossi,&nbsp;Livio Tarchi,&nbsp;Valdo Ricca,&nbsp;Giovanni Castellini,&nbsp;Cristina Segura-Garcia","doi":"10.1002/erv.70123","DOIUrl":"10.1002/erv.70123","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objective</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Previous research has shown that the COVID-19 pandemic worsened eating-disorder (ED) symptoms, but most studies have focused on inpatients and compared only two periods: pre-COVID and the period following the pandemic's onset. Outpatient populations, particularly those with binge eating disorder (BED) and other specified feeding or eating disorders (OSFED), have been underrepresented. It remains unclear whether the pandemic influenced the clinical presentation at ED onset. This study aimed to examine differences in general and eating-disorder–related psychopathology at first presentation among outpatients with all ED diagnoses before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown in Italy.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We retrospectively reviewed clinical records and assessment data from 400 patients seeking treatment for the first time at a specialised outpatient ED service. Patients were grouped into three periods: pre-lockdown (01.01.2019–10.06.2020), lockdown (11.06.2020–30.09.2021), and post-lockdown (01.10.2021–31.12.2022). These periods were defined to capture the effects of the lockdown while considering the DSM-5 requirement that symptoms persist for at least 3 months to establish a diagnosis. Multivariate analyzes of variance were used to evaluate the effects of period, diagnosis, and their interaction on sociodemographic characteristics, eating-disorder specific symptoms, and general psychopathology.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Significant differences were observed across diagnoses, including BED and OSFED. During the lockdown, patients exhibited greater concerns regarding dietary restriction, binge eating, and body, weight and shape across diagnostic groups compared with pre-lockdown. The post-lockdown period was associated with a younger age at ED onset and earlier initiation of dieting behaviours.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>By distinguishing pre-lockdown, lockdown, and post-lockdown phases and accounting for the DSM-5 diagnostic timeline, this study extends prior research beyond the conventional pre/post pandemic comparison. The COVID-19 lockdown was linked to more severe eating-disorder specific and anxiety-related symptoms at illness onset in outpatients across diagnoses, while the post-lockdown period was marked by earlier onset and increased disorder-specific concerns.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":48117,"journal":{"name":"European Eating Disorders Review","volume":"34 5","pages":"1336-1350"},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/erv.70123","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147785832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}