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More than Words: Leaders’ Speech and Risky Behavior during a Pandemic 不止于言语:大流行期间领导人的言论和冒险行为
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210284
Nicolás Ajzenman, Tiago Cavalcanti, Daniel Da Mata
{"title":"More than Words: Leaders’ Speech and Risky Behavior during a Pandemic","authors":"Nicolás Ajzenman, Tiago Cavalcanti, Daniel Da Mata","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210284","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates whether the anti-scientific rhetoric of modern populists can induce followers to engage in risky behavior. We gather electoral information, credit card expenses, and geo-localized mobile phone data for approximately 60 million devices in Brazil. After the president publicly dismissed the risks of the COVID-19 pandemic and challenged scientific recommendations, social distancing in pro-government localities declined. Consistently, credit card expenses increased immediately. Results are driven by localities with higher media penetration levels, active Twitter accounts, and a larger proportion of evangelical Christians, a critical electoral group. (JEL D72, D91, I12, I18, L82, O15, Z12)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135931081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Spending Responses to High-Frequency Shifts in Payment Timing: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit 支出对支付时间高频变化的反应:来自劳动所得税抵免的证据
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200590
Aditya Aladangady, S. Aron-Dine, David B. Cashin, W. Dunn, Laura Feiveson, Paul A. Lengermann, Katherine Richard, Claudia R. Sahm
{"title":"Spending Responses to High-Frequency Shifts in Payment Timing: Evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit","authors":"Aditya Aladangady, S. Aron-Dine, David B. Cashin, W. Dunn, Laura Feiveson, Paul A. Lengermann, Katherine Richard, Claudia R. Sahm","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200590","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200590","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the spending response to tax refunds for Earned Income Tax Credit recipients using a novel dataset combining transaction-based measures of retail spending with administrative IRS data on tax refunds. Our dataset allows us to exploit variation in the timing of EITC refunds, including changes related to the 2017 PATH Act, along with cross-state differences in refund magnitudes to identify spending responses. Results show EITC recipients spend about $0.30 per refund dollar ($1,150 for the average refund) within just two weeks of issuance, suggesting stimulus targeted at this population may provide a quick boost to aggregate demand. (JEL D12, E32, G51, H24, I38, K34)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73151328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Corporate Tax Breaks and Executive Compensation 企业税收减免和高管薪酬
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210155
Eric Ohrn
{"title":"Corporate Tax Breaks and Executive Compensation","authors":"Eric Ohrn","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210155","url":null,"abstract":"I analyze the effect of two corporate tax breaks, bonus depreciation and the Domestic Production Activities Deduction (DPAD), on executive compensation in publicly traded US firms. I find both tax breaks significantly increase executive compensation. For every dollar a firm benefits from the tax breaks, compensation of the firm’s top five highest-paid executives increases by $0.17 to $0.25. The tax breaks increase compensation primarily in firms with weaker governance structures, suggesting the compensation response is driven by executive rent extraction. (JEL D22, G34, H25, M12, M52)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"213 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135931088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Front Matter 前页
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.15.3.i
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/pol.15.3.i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.15.3.i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135931082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interregional Contact and the Formation of a Shared Identity 区域间接触与共同身份的形成
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210237
Manuel Bagues, Christopher Roth
{"title":"Interregional Contact and the Formation of a Shared Identity","authors":"Manuel Bagues, Christopher Roth","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210237","url":null,"abstract":"We study the long-run effects of contact with individuals from other regions in early adulthood on preferences, beliefs, and national identity. We combine a natural experiment, the random assignment of male conscripts to different locations throughout Spain, with tailored survey data. Being randomly assigned to complete military service outside of one’s region of residence fosters contact with conscripts from other regions and increases sympathy and trust toward people from the region of service, as measured decades later. We also observe a long-lasting increase in identification with Spain for individuals originating from regions with strong peripheral nationalism. (JEL D12, D83, D91, J45, R23, Z13.)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90206847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Immigrant Integration in the United States: The Role of Adult English Language Training 美国移民融合:成人英语训练的作用
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210336
Blake H Heller, Kirsten Slungaard Mumma
{"title":"Immigrant Integration in the United States: The Role of Adult English Language Training","authors":"Blake H Heller, Kirsten Slungaard Mumma","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210336","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to speak and understand a host country’s primary language is strongly associated with measures of immigrant integration. We estimate the causal effects of English language training for adult immigrants on participants’ civic and economic outcomes using randomized enrollment lotteries from a public adult education program in Massachusetts. Participation doubles voter participation and increases annual earnings by $2,400 (56 percent). Increased tax revenue from earnings gains cover program costs over time, generating a 6 percent return for taxpayers. Ours is the first randomized evaluation of adult English language training as a standalone intervention in the United States. (JEL D72, H75, I21, I26, J15, J24, J31)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84458480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Special Economic Zones and Human Capital Investment: 30 Years of Evidence from China 经济特区与人力资本投资:来自中国的30年证据
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200492
Fangwen Lu, Weizeng Sun, Jianfeng Wu
{"title":"Special Economic Zones and Human Capital Investment: 30 Years of Evidence from China","authors":"Fangwen Lu, Weizeng Sun, Jianfeng Wu","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200492","url":null,"abstract":"By exploiting the large quantity and rich variety of special economic zones (SEZs) in China, this study investigates how such zones affect human capital investment. Results show that SEZs significantly increase the local high school enrollment rate, but the impact varies across zone types: technology-oriented zones encourage education, while export-led zones discourage it. The increased job opportunities and wage premiums inside SEZs for employees with high school education increase high school enrollment, while such opportunities and wages for employees with middle school education decrease enrollment. A very small portion of the impact, if any, can be attributed to increased income. (JEL I21, I26, J24, J31, O15, P23, R32)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73122210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voting for Democracy: Chile’s Plebiscito and the Electoral Participation of a Generation 为民主投票:智利的公民投票和一代人的选举参与
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210338
Ethan Kaplan, Fernando Saltiel, Sergio Urzúa
{"title":"Voting for Democracy: Chile’s Plebiscito and the Electoral Participation of a Generation","authors":"Ethan Kaplan, Fernando Saltiel, Sergio Urzúa","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210338","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the long-term consequences of voting for democracy. We study Chile’s 1988 plebiscite, which ended 15 years of dictatorship and reestablished democracy. Taking advantage of individual-level voting data, we implement an age-based regression discontinuity design comparing long-run registration and turnout rates across marginally eligible and ineligible individuals. We find plebiscite eligibility increased electoral turnout three decades later. The magnitude of the initial mobilization emerges as the mechanism. Plebiscite eligibility induced a sizable share of less-educated voters to register compared to other upstream elections. The event contributed to the emergence of one-party rule the 20 years following democratization. (JEL D72, D82, O17)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sin Taxes and Self-Control 罪恶税和自我控制
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200479
Renke Schmacker, Sinne Smed
{"title":"Sin Taxes and Self-Control","authors":"Renke Schmacker, Sinne Smed","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200479","url":null,"abstract":"According to theory, “sin taxes” are welfare improving if consumers with low self-control respond at least as much to the tax as consumers with high self-control. We investigate empirically if demand response to soft drink and fat tax variations in Denmark depends on consumers’ self-control. We use a unique home-scan panel that includes a survey measure of self-control. When taxes increase, consumers with low self-control reduce purchases less strongly than consumers with high self-control. When taxes decrease, both groups increase their purchases similarly. The results show an asymmetry in price elasticities by self-control that is more pronounced when taxes increase. (JEL D12, D91, H25, H31, I12, I18, L66)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions 存在亲子信息摩擦时的上学激励
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210202
Damien B. C. M. De Walque, Christine Valente
{"title":"Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions","authors":"Damien B. C. M. De Walque, Christine Valente","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210202","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries use CCTs targeted to parents to promote schooling. Attendance conditions may work through two channels: incentivization and information. If children have private information, (i) providing attendance information to parents may increase attendance inexpensively relative to CCTs and (ii) it may be more effective to incentivize children, who have full information, than parents. Tackling both questions in a unified experimental setting, we find that information alone improves parental monitoring and has a large effect relative to our CCT. Incentivizing children is at least as effective as incentivizing parents––importantly, not because parents were able to appropriate transfers to children. (JEL D82, D83, I21, I22, I28, L31, O15)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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