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Interregional Contact and the Formation of a Shared Identity 区域间接触与共同身份的形成
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210237
Manuel Bagues, Christopher Roth
{"title":"Interregional Contact and the Formation of a Shared Identity","authors":"Manuel Bagues, Christopher Roth","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210237","url":null,"abstract":"We study the long-run effects of contact with individuals from other regions in early adulthood on preferences, beliefs, and national identity. We combine a natural experiment, the random assignment of male conscripts to different locations throughout Spain, with tailored survey data. Being randomly assigned to complete military service outside of one’s region of residence fosters contact with conscripts from other regions and increases sympathy and trust toward people from the region of service, as measured decades later. We also observe a long-lasting increase in identification with Spain for individuals originating from regions with strong peripheral nationalism. (JEL D12, D83, D91, J45, R23, Z13.)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90206847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Immigrant Integration in the United States: The Role of Adult English Language Training 美国移民融合:成人英语训练的作用
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210336
Blake H Heller, Kirsten Slungaard Mumma
{"title":"Immigrant Integration in the United States: The Role of Adult English Language Training","authors":"Blake H Heller, Kirsten Slungaard Mumma","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210336","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to speak and understand a host country’s primary language is strongly associated with measures of immigrant integration. We estimate the causal effects of English language training for adult immigrants on participants’ civic and economic outcomes using randomized enrollment lotteries from a public adult education program in Massachusetts. Participation doubles voter participation and increases annual earnings by $2,400 (56 percent). Increased tax revenue from earnings gains cover program costs over time, generating a 6 percent return for taxpayers. Ours is the first randomized evaluation of adult English language training as a standalone intervention in the United States. (JEL D72, H75, I21, I26, J15, J24, J31)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84458480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Special Economic Zones and Human Capital Investment: 30 Years of Evidence from China 经济特区与人力资本投资:来自中国的30年证据
IF 5.3 1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200492
Fangwen Lu, Weizeng Sun, Jianfeng Wu
{"title":"Special Economic Zones and Human Capital Investment: 30 Years of Evidence from China","authors":"Fangwen Lu, Weizeng Sun, Jianfeng Wu","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200492","url":null,"abstract":"By exploiting the large quantity and rich variety of special economic zones (SEZs) in China, this study investigates how such zones affect human capital investment. Results show that SEZs significantly increase the local high school enrollment rate, but the impact varies across zone types: technology-oriented zones encourage education, while export-led zones discourage it. The increased job opportunities and wage premiums inside SEZs for employees with high school education increase high school enrollment, while such opportunities and wages for employees with middle school education decrease enrollment. A very small portion of the impact, if any, can be attributed to increased income. (JEL I21, I26, J24, J31, O15, P23, R32)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.3,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73122210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Voting for Democracy: Chile’s Plebiscito and the Electoral Participation of a Generation 为民主投票:智利的公民投票和一代人的选举参与
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210338
Ethan Kaplan, Fernando Saltiel, Sergio Urzúa
{"title":"Voting for Democracy: Chile’s Plebiscito and the Electoral Participation of a Generation","authors":"Ethan Kaplan, Fernando Saltiel, Sergio Urzúa","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210338","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the long-term consequences of voting for democracy. We study Chile’s 1988 plebiscite, which ended 15 years of dictatorship and reestablished democracy. Taking advantage of individual-level voting data, we implement an age-based regression discontinuity design comparing long-run registration and turnout rates across marginally eligible and ineligible individuals. We find plebiscite eligibility increased electoral turnout three decades later. The magnitude of the initial mobilization emerges as the mechanism. Plebiscite eligibility induced a sizable share of less-educated voters to register compared to other upstream elections. The event contributed to the emergence of one-party rule the 20 years following democratization. (JEL D72, D82, O17)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sin Taxes and Self-Control 罪恶税和自我控制
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200479
Renke Schmacker, Sinne Smed
{"title":"Sin Taxes and Self-Control","authors":"Renke Schmacker, Sinne Smed","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200479","url":null,"abstract":"According to theory, “sin taxes” are welfare improving if consumers with low self-control respond at least as much to the tax as consumers with high self-control. We investigate empirically if demand response to soft drink and fat tax variations in Denmark depends on consumers’ self-control. We use a unique home-scan panel that includes a survey measure of self-control. When taxes increase, consumers with low self-control reduce purchases less strongly than consumers with high self-control. When taxes decrease, both groups increase their purchases similarly. The results show an asymmetry in price elasticities by self-control that is more pronounced when taxes increase. (JEL D12, D91, H25, H31, I12, I18, L66)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions 存在亲子信息摩擦时的上学激励
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-08-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210202
Damien B. C. M. De Walque, Christine Valente
{"title":"Incentivizing School Attendance in the Presence of Parent-Child Information Frictions","authors":"Damien B. C. M. De Walque, Christine Valente","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210202","url":null,"abstract":"Many countries use CCTs targeted to parents to promote schooling. Attendance conditions may work through two channels: incentivization and information. If children have private information, (i) providing attendance information to parents may increase attendance inexpensively relative to CCTs and (ii) it may be more effective to incentivize children, who have full information, than parents. Tackling both questions in a unified experimental setting, we find that information alone improves parental monitoring and has a large effect relative to our CCT. Incentivizing children is at least as effective as incentivizing parents––importantly, not because parents were able to appropriate transfers to children. (JEL D82, D83, I21, I22, I28, L31, O15)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134951961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Does Pay Transparency Affect the Gender Wage Gap? Evidence from Austria 薪酬透明度会影响性别工资差距吗?来自奥地利的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20210128
Andreas Gulyas, Sebastian Seitz, Sourav Sinha
{"title":"Does Pay Transparency Affect the Gender Wage Gap? Evidence from Austria","authors":"Andreas Gulyas, Sebastian Seitz, Sourav Sinha","doi":"10.1257/pol.20210128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20210128","url":null,"abstract":"We study the 2011 Austrian pay transparency law, which requires firms above a size threshold to publish internal reports on the gender pay gap. Using an event-study design, we show that the policy had no discernible effects on male and female wages, thus leaving the gender wage gap unchanged. The effects are precisely estimated, and we rule out that the policy narrowed the gender wage gap by more than 0.4 p.p.. Moreover, we do not find evidence for wage compression within establishments. We discuss several possible reasons why the reform did not reduce the gender wage gap. (JEL J16, J31, J71, K31)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135359255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Front Matter 前页
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.15.2.i
{"title":"Front Matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1257/pol.15.2.i","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.15.2.i","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136048795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Go with the Politician 跟着政客走
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200882
Yongwei Nian, Chunyang Wang
{"title":"Go with the Politician","authors":"Yongwei Nian, Chunyang Wang","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200882","url":null,"abstract":"Chinese local leaders are frequently moved across prefectures. By combining local leader rotation data and comprehensive firm land parcel purchase data across prefectures from 2006 to 2016, this paper examines how firm–politician connections affect resource allocation and finds that a firm headquartered in a leader’s previous work prefecture purchases three times more land parcels in that leader’s new governing prefecture than the prefecture-year mean, at half the unit prices. Identification is from within-firm-year variation in various prefectures through exogenous politician rotation. Land usage efficiency is lower for these follower firms’ land parcels. Land allocation distortion is also economically sizable. (JEL D22, D72, O17, O18, P25, P26)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"108 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136048792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Profiting from Most-Favored-Customer Procurement Rules: Evidence from Medicaid 从最优惠客户采购规则中获利:来自医疗补助的证据
1区 经济学
American Economic Journal-Economic Policy Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1257/pol.20200688
Josh Feng, Thomas Hwang, Luca Maini
{"title":"Profiting from Most-Favored-Customer Procurement Rules: Evidence from Medicaid","authors":"Josh Feng, Thomas Hwang, Luca Maini","doi":"10.1257/pol.20200688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20200688","url":null,"abstract":"Using a difference-in-difference approach, we find that an increase to Medicaid’s minimum drug rebate under the Affordable Care Act in 2010 lowered non-Medicaid drug spending by 2.5 percent. A stylized bargaining model shows that this is likely driven by the interaction of this reform with Medicaid’s “most-favored customer” clause (MFCC). By examining the response of drugs that faced a change in incentives equivalent to the removal of Medicaid’s MFCC, we estimate that removing the Medicaid MFCC would have reduced overall 2010 non-Medicaid drug spending by an additional 3.5 percent, though it would have likely also increased Medicaid spending. (JEL C78, H51, I18, I38, L65)","PeriodicalId":48093,"journal":{"name":"American Economic Journal-Economic Policy","volume":"252 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136048793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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