Science Technology & Human Values最新文献_第9页

Identity in Postgenomic Times: Epigenetic Knowledge and the Pursuit of Biological Origins 后基因组时代的身份:表观遗传学知识和生物学起源的追求

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-01-05 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211069131

Sonja van Wichelen

{"title":"Identity in Postgenomic Times: Epigenetic Knowledge and the Pursuit of Biological Origins","authors":"Sonja van Wichelen","doi":"10.1177/01622439211069131","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211069131","url":null,"abstract":"As genetic knowledge continues to strengthen notions of identity in Euro-American societies and beyond, epigenetic knowledge is intervening in these legitimation frameworks. I explore these interventions in the realm of assisted reproduction—including adoption, donor conception, and gestational surrogacy. The right to identity is protected legally in many states and receives due attention in public and private international law. Originating from the context of adoption, donor-conceived and surrogacy-born persons have recently demanded the same protections and focused on the right to genetic knowledge. This article explores possible implications of epigenetic knowledge on identity. I start by articulating the deep influence of genetics on the notion of identity, and how this unfolds in legal contexts. Next, I examine how epigenetic findings that stress the importance of seeing biological life as situated and embedded in environments can challenge how adoption, donor conception, and gestational surrogacy are experienced and understood. While I argue that epigenetic knowledge can reify identity with the same determinism underpinning genetics, it can also allow for more biosocial understandings of identity that consider history and experience as entangled with biology.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78636847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

“Samples Are Precious”: Value Formations in the Potentiality and Practices of Biobanking in Singapore “样本是宝贵的”:新加坡生物银行潜力和实践中的价值形成

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-30 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211069129

Erik Aarden

{"title":"“Samples Are Precious”: Value Formations in the Potentiality and Practices of Biobanking in Singapore","authors":"Erik Aarden","doi":"10.1177/01622439211069129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211069129","url":null,"abstract":"Biobanking in Singapore is characterized by contested relations between funding ambitions and research practices, and different notions of what the (potential) value of storing samples and data for medical research is. Different biobanking efforts anticipate the production of public goods from stored materials in specifically situated ways. These efforts to produce public goods in the form of scientific and economic value can be fruitfully understood in terms of extraction, a complex sociotechnical process of retrieving (potential) value from raw materials, which both informs and is informed by specific social values. In exploring the extraction of potential value in relation to practice values, I propose the notion of value formations to account for the coproduction of and intersections between different forms of value(s) in scientific practices situated in particular social contexts. I trace value formations across the life span of biobanking collections, which range from recruitment, collection, and processing of samples to their storage, retrieval, and use. Observations along this life span show the social and temporal complexity of value-making in biobanking in Singapore, pointing to the contextual specificity of how biobanking is understood as a public good.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77378551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An Interpretation of Value Change: A Philosophical Disquisition of Climate Change and Energy Transition Debate 价值变化的阐释:气候变化与能源转型辩论的哲学研究

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-27 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211068040

A. Melnyk

{"title":"An Interpretation of Value Change: A Philosophical Disquisition of Climate Change and Energy Transition Debate","authors":"A. Melnyk","doi":"10.1177/01622439211068040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211068040","url":null,"abstract":"Changing values may give rise to intergenerational conflicts, like in the ongoing climate change and energy transition debate. This essay focuses on the interpretative question of how this value change can best be understood. To elucidate the interpretation of value change, two philosophical perspectives on value are introduced: Berlin’s value pluralism and Dworkin’s interpretivism. While both authors do not explicitly discuss value change, I argue that their perspectives can be used for interpreting value change in the case of climate change and the energy transition. I claim that Berlin’s pluralistic account of value would understand the value change as an intergenerational conflict and therefore provide a too narrow and static ground for understanding ongoing value change. Instead, by exploring Dworkin’s standpoint in moral epistemology, this essay distills a more encompassing perspective on how values may relate, converge, overlap, and change, fulfilling their functions in the course of climate change and energy transition. This perspective is further detailed by taking inspiration from Shue’s work on the (re)interpretation of equity in the climate change debate. I argue that the resulting perspective allows us to see value change as a gradual process rather than as a clash between generations and their values.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74032193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Diversifying the Deliberative Turn: Toward an Agonistic RRI 多元化的审议转向:走向一种竞争的RRI

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-22 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211067268

Deborah Scott

引用次数: 6

Artificial Intelligence from Colonial India: Race, Statistics, and Facial Recognition in the Global South 来自殖民印度的人工智能:全球南方的种族、统计和面部识别

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-21 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211060839

S. Taylor, K. Gulson, Duncan McDuie‐Ra

引用次数: 2

The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial 后基因组生殖的政治:从临床试验中探索怀孕的叙述

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-17 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211066759

Natali Valdez

{"title":"The Politics of Postgenomic Reproduction: Exploring Pregnant Narratives from within a Clinical Trial","authors":"Natali Valdez","doi":"10.1177/01622439211066759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211066759","url":null,"abstract":"There are more large-scale pregnancy trials that implement lifestyle interventions than ever before; yet, there is a dearth of information on pregnant peoples’ experiences in such trials. Contemporary lifestyle pregnancy trials draw on epigenetics and DOHaD research to design and justify prenatal interventions on the material environment to reduce health risks in future generations. This article draws on ethnographic data from a prenatal trial in the United Kingdom and focuses specifically on the experiences of pregnant participants during the intervention phase. In this article, I develop the politics of postgenomic reproduction as a feminist and critical race framework to examine the complex and mercurial stakes of contemporary pregnancy trials. I argue that narratives of control and responsibility in epigenetic models are echoed and preceded by participants’ own embodied experience. The pregnant narratives show at once how their bodies are exposed to unpredictable and uncontrollable environmental exposures and that they are required to respond as if they have absolute control and responsibility. Attending to trial participants’ narratives from a feminist and critical race framework reveals how individualized lifestyle interventions are deeply political and racial, and carry implications for how pregnancy trials influence postgenomic reproduction.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85309879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Between the Lab and the Field: Plants and the Affective Atmospheres of Southern Science 在实验室和田野之间:植物和南方科学的情感氛围

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-15 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211055118

S. Calkins

{"title":"Between the Lab and the Field: Plants and the Affective Atmospheres of Southern Science","authors":"S. Calkins","doi":"10.1177/01622439211055118","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211055118","url":null,"abstract":"In view of persistent global inequalities in scientific knowledge production with clear centers and peripheries, this paper examines a lingering concern for many scientists in the Global South: why is it, at times, so hard to have scientific insights from the South recognized? This paper addresses this big question from within a long-term field immersion in a Ugandan–Australian scientific collaboration in molecular biology. I show how disciplinary hierarchies of value affect the distribution of labor between Uganda and Australia and thematize the role of place and its affective atmospheres that texture the quotidian scientific work in this project. Unsurprisingly, they tend to devalue Ugandan sites and contributions, and turn Uganda into a rather unlikely site for new insights to emerge. However, in spite of doing devalued and outsourced “menial” labor such as fieldwork, Ugandan biologists’ fieldwork involves affective encounters with their experimental banana plants that thereby become differently thinkable. The paper argues that attending to affective atmospheres that infuse research sites offers clues about scientists’ position in global hierarchies and at the same time can help make room for insights that emanate from unexpected places.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77342400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fixing Subjects, Fixing Outcomes: Civic Epistemologies and Epistemic Agency in Participatory Governance of Climate Risk 确定主体，确定结果:气候风险参与式治理中的公民认识论和认知代理

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-14 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211066136

Anna Bridel

{"title":"Fixing Subjects, Fixing Outcomes: Civic Epistemologies and Epistemic Agency in Participatory Governance of Climate Risk","authors":"Anna Bridel","doi":"10.1177/01622439211066136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211066136","url":null,"abstract":"Participatory forms of policy-making have often been criticized for insufficiently theorizing the coproduction of publics and matters of concern. This paper seeks to investigate this relationship further by analyzing how the concept of civic epistemologies (CEs) can provide insights for understanding how political contexts shape both publics and contestable debates. Presenting fieldwork on cyclone governance in Odisha, India, based on the analysis of interviews with vulnerable fishing communities and state actors, the article shows how CEs influence the interdependent formation of vulnerable fisher and state subjectivities on one hand with representations of risk located in external biophysical atmospheric gases on the other, thereby sustaining reductive roles and futures. At the same time, the paper develops the concept of CEs by examining them as performative acts carried out by marginalized communities and state actors at the subnational level of a nonindustrialized country, thereby indicating sites at which epistemic agency can be increased and governed. Participatory knowledge production needs to understand how it is affected by CEs if it is to generate effective expertise for transformative futures in the face of increasing climatic risks.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91210369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Power and Domination in Emerging Technologies 新兴技术中的权力和支配

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211063583

Dion N. Farquhar

引用次数: 1

Afterword: Shifting the Terms of the Debate 后记:改变辩论的条件

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2021-12-05 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211059563

Natasha D. Schüll

引用次数: 0