Science Technology & Human Values最新文献_第5页

Making Futures by Freezing Life: Ambivalent Temporalities of Cryopreservation Practices 通过冷冻生命创造未来:冷冻保存实践的矛盾时间性

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/01622439231170557

Veit Braun, S. Lafuente-Funes, T. Lemke, Ruzana Liburkina

引用次数: 0

CORRIGENDUM to the Special Issue Titled “Reproduction in the Postgenomic Age”, Volume 47, Issue 6 “后基因组时代的生殖”特刊的更正，第47卷，第6期

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439231154487

引用次数: 0

Working at the Seams of Colonial Structures: Alternative Sociotechnical Infrastructures Revealed by Hurricane Maria 在殖民地结构的接缝处工作:玛丽亚飓风揭示的替代社会技术基础设施

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211058448

F. E. Vasquez

{"title":"Working at the Seams of Colonial Structures: Alternative Sociotechnical Infrastructures Revealed by Hurricane Maria","authors":"F. E. Vasquez","doi":"10.1177/01622439211058448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211058448","url":null,"abstract":"This study explains why and how Puerto Rican activists responded effectively to the crisis in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria in 2017. By relying on a structural approach, this study analyzes the local institutional environment. Using the seamful work framework, it examines activists’ practice to reveal activists’ relation with their official state infrastructure and their interactions with said infrastructure before and after Maria. Using semi-structured interviews, observations, and publicly available documents, this study shows that activists navigate the state’s unequal infrastructure by building their infrastructures, called alternative sociotechnical infrastructures, which consist of a set of heterogeneous assortments of actors, organizations, and technologies to address state-driven inequality and natural disasters. Activists do not work to restore existing state infrastructures, instead, they deploy their expertise in their communities to address many of the challenges brought on by disasters. This study emphasizes a bottom-up approach, highlighting local actors’ agency by focusing on the convergence of their knowledge, organizations, and Information and Communication Technologies. Moreover, this research proposes that state-community disconnect is rooted in neoliberal and colonial measures and cautions against considering disasters as opportunities to start anew. Finally, this research proposes new possibilities to plan bottom-up relief efforts that acknowledge the role of civil society and activists.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":"59 1","pages":"374 - 400"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78308646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Thank you to our reviewers for 2021 and 2022 感谢我们2021年和2022年的审稿人

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-03-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439231155034

Courtney Addison, M. Kearnes, K. Lancaster, T. Neale

引用次数: 0

The Role of Vitrification in Spanish Reproductive Labs: A Cryo-revolution Led by Strategic Freezing 玻璃化在西班牙生殖实验室的作用:由战略冷冻领导的冷冻革命

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/01622439231155649

S. Lafuente-Funes

{"title":"The Role of Vitrification in Spanish Reproductive Labs: A Cryo-revolution Led by Strategic Freezing","authors":"S. Lafuente-Funes","doi":"10.1177/01622439231155649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439231155649","url":null,"abstract":"Assisted reproductive technologies have expanded vastly and are frequently addressed using the language of revolution. The last two decades witnessed important transformations in Spanish repromarkets, some of which are linked to one freezing technique: vitrification. This cryotechnique tends to be presented by professionals as revolutionary as well, even if in a humbler way: a technique with the capacity to revolutionize reproductive labs. Celebrated for its ability to freeze oocytes, the introduction and assimilation of vitrification have implied many transformations in Spanish clinics and the broader reproductive industry in Spain. This paper describes the role of vitrification from the point of view of the labs, drawing on interviews with professionals and observations of laboratory work, and focusing on the changes, which include but are not restricted to freezing oocytes. I argue that vitrification has increased the role of cryopreservation in reproductive labs overall in Spain, expanding the use of strategic, short-term freezing of embryos. This is discussed as part of a “cryomedicalized” turn, using Charlotte Kroløkke and Anna Sofie Bach’s term, which enlarges the scope of medicalization through optimization and prevention, in the context of late reproduction and a strong reproductive market.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":"178 1","pages":"752 - 776"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77563703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Let's Not Have the Perfect Be the Enemy of the Good": Social Impact Bonds, Randomized Controlled Trials, and the Valuation of Social Programs. “不要让完美成为好的敌人”:社会影响债券，随机对照试验和社会项目的评估。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211042083

James W Williams

{"title":"\"Let's Not Have the Perfect Be the Enemy of the Good\": Social Impact Bonds, Randomized Controlled Trials, and the Valuation of Social Programs.","authors":"James W Williams","doi":"10.1177/01622439211042083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211042083","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the case of \"social impact bonds\" (SIBs) to explore the role of social science methods in new markets in \"social investment.\" Pioneered in the UK in 2010, SIBs use private capital to fund social programs with governments paying returns for successful outcomes. Central to the SIB model is the question of evaluation and the method to be used in determining program outcomes and investor returns. In the United States, the randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been the dominant method. However, this has not been without controversy. Some SIB practitioners and investors have argued that, while this may be the perfect tool, the need to grow the SIB market demands a more pragmatic approach. Drawing from a three-year study of SIBs, and informed by Science and Technology Studies (STS)-inspired work on valuation and the social life of methods, the article explores RCTs as both a valuation technology central to SIB design and the object of a micropolitics of valuation which has impeded market growth. It is the relationship between, and the politics of, evaluation and valuation that is a key lesson of the SIB experiment and an important insight for future research on \"social investment\" and other settings where methods are constitutive of financial value.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":"48 1","pages":"91-114"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Predicting Success in the Embryology Lab: The Use of Algorithmic Technologies in Knowledge Production. 预测胚胎学实验室的成功：算法技术在知识生产中的应用》。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211057105

Alina Geampana, Manuela Perrotta

{"title":"Predicting Success in the Embryology Lab: The Use of Algorithmic Technologies in Knowledge Production.","authors":"Alina Geampana, Manuela Perrotta","doi":"10.1177/01622439211057105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01622439211057105","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes local algorithmic practices resulting from the increased use of time-lapse (TL) imaging in fertility treatment. The data produced by TL technologies are expected to help professionals pick the best embryo for implantation. The emergence of TL has been characterized by promissory discourses of deeper embryo knowledge and expanded selection standardization, despite professionals having no conclusive evidence that TL improves pregnancy rates. Our research explores the use of TL tools in embryology labs. We pay special attention to standardization efforts and knowledge-creation facilitated through TL and its incorporated algorithms. Using ethnographic data from five UK clinical sites, we argue that knowledge generated through TL is contingent upon complex human-machine interactions that produce local uncertainties. Thus, algorithms do not simply add medical knowledge. Rather, they rearrange professional practice and expertise. Firstly, we show how TL changes lab routines and training needs. Secondly, we show that the human input TL requires renders the algorithm itself an uncertain and situated practice. This, in turn, raises professional questions about the algorithm's authority in embryo selection. The article demonstrates the embedded nature of algorithmic knowledge production, thus pointing to the need for STS scholarship to further explore the locality of algorithms and AI.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":"48 1","pages":"212-233"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

What Is an STS Contribution Now? 现时什么是化粪池系统的贡献?

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-12-06 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221138631

T. Neale, K. Lancaster, Courtney Addison, M. Kearnes

引用次数: 3

Beyond the Egg and the Sperm?: How Science Has Revised a Romance through Reproductomics 超越卵子和精子?:科学是如何通过生殖学来修正爱情的

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221123943

Janelle Lamoreaux

引用次数: 2

Pluralistic Collaboration in Science and Technology: Reviewing Knowledge Systems, Culture, Norms, and Work Styles 科技多元合作:回顾知识系统、文化、规范和工作方式

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221124663

Saul Halfon, B. Sovacool

{"title":"Pluralistic Collaboration in Science and Technology: Reviewing Knowledge Systems, Culture, Norms, and Work Styles","authors":"Saul Halfon, B. Sovacool","doi":"10.1177/01622439221124663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439221124663","url":null,"abstract":"This paper challenges the language of “interdisciplinarity,” suggesting “pluralistic collaboration” as a better alternative. Interdisciplinarity, team science, and transdisciplinarity frame academic and problem-focused collaborations narrowly, overemphasizing epistemology, downplaying extra-disciplinary divides and nonacademic collaborators, and either ignoring or psychologizing individual-level phenomena. We first paint a picture of the tensions and divides that exist in pluralistic collaborations, in three dimensions—epistemic, cultural, and normative—using a series of literature reviews to simultaneously map and extend these dimensions. We then introduce and explore a fourth dimension—academic work styles. Individual level considerations of collaboration in the literature generally rely on psychological types. We explore what a more sociologically oriented approach to individual dynamics within collaborations would look like by identifying and exploring four general academic work styles: isolationist, imperialist, pragmatist, and pluralist. We conclude by emphasizing and reflecting on pluralistic collaboration. Pluralism exists along a range of dimensions, and pluralizing or homogenizing different dimensions (pluralizing pluralism) can produce diverse effects on the outcome of interdisciplinary collaboration. While we thus advocate for pluralism along a greater range of dimensions when addressing complex problems, we suggest that over-pluralization can be a problem.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":"49 1","pages":"1138 - 1175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91359090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0