Science Technology & Human Values最新文献_第4页

The Cold Futures of Mouse Genetics: Modes of Strain Cryopreservation Since the 1970s. 小鼠遗传学的冷酷未来：20 世纪 70 年代以来的菌株冷冻保存模式。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2022-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221138341

Dmitriy Myelnikov, Sara Peres

{"title":"The Cold Futures of Mouse Genetics: Modes of Strain Cryopreservation Since the 1970s.","authors":"Dmitriy Myelnikov, Sara Peres","doi":"10.1177/01622439221138341","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01622439221138341","url":null,"abstract":"Cryopreservation, or the freezing of embryos or sperm, has become a routine part of many research projects involving laboratory mice. In this article, we combine historical and sociological methods to produce a cryopolitical analysis of this less explored aspect of animal research. We provide a longitudinal account of mouse embryo and semen storage and uses in the UK and show that cryopreservation enabled researchers to overcome particular challenges-fears of strain loss, societal disapproval, and genetic drift-in ways which enabled the continued existence of strains and contributed to the scaling up of mouse research since World War II. We use the theoretical lens of cryopolitics to explore three different, yet overlapping, cryopolitical strategies that we identify. All share the ability to ensure the continued maintenance of genetically defined strains without the need for continually breeding colonies of mice. We argue that, in contrast to more common imaginaries of species conservation, the cryopolitical rationale can best be understood as purposefully not letting the strain die without requiring animals to live. The ability to freeze mice, then, had the potential to unsettle who the objects of care are in mouse research, from individual animals to the concept of the strain itself.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387715/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10649801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Co-producing Human and Animal Experimental Subjects: Exploring the Views of UK COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Participants on Animal Testing. 人类与动物共同制造实验对象：探索英国 COVID-19 疫苗试验参与者对动物试验的看法。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-07-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211057084

Samantha Vanderslott, Alexandra Palmer, Tonia Thomas, Beth Greenhough, Arabella Stuart, John A Henry, Marcus English, Rebecca de Water Naude, Maia Patrick-Smith, Naomi Douglas, Maria Moore, Susanne H Hodgson, Katherine R W Emary, Andrew J Pollard

{"title":"Co-producing Human and Animal Experimental Subjects: Exploring the Views of UK COVID-19 Vaccine Trial Participants on Animal Testing.","authors":"Samantha Vanderslott, Alexandra Palmer, Tonia Thomas, Beth Greenhough, Arabella Stuart, John A Henry, Marcus English, Rebecca de Water Naude, Maia Patrick-Smith, Naomi Douglas, Maria Moore, Susanne H Hodgson, Katherine R W Emary, Andrew J Pollard","doi":"10.1177/01622439211057084","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01622439211057084","url":null,"abstract":"Preclinical (animal) testing and human testing of drugs and vaccines are rarely considered by social scientists side by side. Where this is done, it is typically for theoretically exploring the ethics of the two situations to compare relative treatment. In contrast, we empirically explore how human clinical trial participants understand the role of animal test subjects in vaccine development. Furthermore, social science research has only concentrated on broad public opinion and the views of patients about animal research, whereas we explore the views of a public group particularly implicated in pharmaceutical development: experimental subjects. We surveyed and interviewed COVID-19 vaccine trial participants in Oxford, UK, on their views about taking part in a vaccine trial and the role of animals in trials. We found that trial participants mirrored assumptions about legitimate reasons for animal testing embedded in regulation and provided insight into (i) the nuances of public opinion on animal research; (ii) the co-production of human and animal experimental subjects; (iii) how vaccine and medicine testing, and the motivations and demographics of clinical trial participants, change in an outbreak; and (iv) what public involvement can offer to science.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10387720/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10649799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

One Pipeline and Two Impact Assessments: Coproduction, Legal Pluralism, and the Trans Mountain Expansion Project. 一条管道和两个影响评估:合拍片、法律多元化和跨山扩建项目。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-05-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211057309

Ian G Stewart, Moira E Harding

{"title":"One Pipeline and Two Impact Assessments: Coproduction, Legal Pluralism, and the Trans Mountain Expansion Project.","authors":"Ian G Stewart, Moira E Harding","doi":"10.1177/01622439211057309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211057309","url":null,"abstract":"Canada's Trans Mountain Expansion Pipeline project is one of the country's most controversial in recent history. At the heart of the controversy lie questions about how to conduct impact assessments (IAs) of oil spills in marine and coastal ecosystems. This paper offers an analysis of two such IAs: one carried out by Canada through its National Energy Board and the other by Tsleil-Waututh Nation, whose unceded ancestral territory encompasses the last twenty-eight kilometers of the project's terminus in the Burrard Inlet, British Columbia. The comparison is informed by a science and technology studies approach to coproduction, displaying the close relationship between IA law and applied scientific practice on both sides of the dispute. By attending to differing perspectives on concepts central to IA such as significance and mitigation, this case study illustrates how coproduction supports legal pluralism's attention to diverse forms of world making inherent in IA. We close by reflecting on how such attention is relevant to Canada's ongoing commitments, including those under the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/89/e8/10.1177_01622439211057309.PMC10248295.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10300666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Making Futures by Freezing Life: Ambivalent Temporalities of Cryopreservation Practices 通过冷冻生命创造未来:冷冻保存实践的矛盾时间性

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-04-27 DOI: 10.1177/01622439231170557

Veit Braun, S. Lafuente-Funes, T. Lemke, Ruzana Liburkina

引用次数: 0

The Role of Vitrification in Spanish Reproductive Labs: A Cryo-revolution Led by Strategic Freezing 玻璃化在西班牙生殖实验室的作用:由战略冷冻领导的冷冻革命

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-02-21 DOI: 10.1177/01622439231155649

S. Lafuente-Funes

{"title":"The Role of Vitrification in Spanish Reproductive Labs: A Cryo-revolution Led by Strategic Freezing","authors":"S. Lafuente-Funes","doi":"10.1177/01622439231155649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439231155649","url":null,"abstract":"Assisted reproductive technologies have expanded vastly and are frequently addressed using the language of revolution. The last two decades witnessed important transformations in Spanish repromarkets, some of which are linked to one freezing technique: vitrification. This cryotechnique tends to be presented by professionals as revolutionary as well, even if in a humbler way: a technique with the capacity to revolutionize reproductive labs. Celebrated for its ability to freeze oocytes, the introduction and assimilation of vitrification have implied many transformations in Spanish clinics and the broader reproductive industry in Spain. This paper describes the role of vitrification from the point of view of the labs, drawing on interviews with professionals and observations of laboratory work, and focusing on the changes, which include but are not restricted to freezing oocytes. I argue that vitrification has increased the role of cryopreservation in reproductive labs overall in Spain, expanding the use of strategic, short-term freezing of embryos. This is discussed as part of a “cryomedicalized” turn, using Charlotte Kroløkke and Anna Sofie Bach’s term, which enlarges the scope of medicalization through optimization and prevention, in the context of late reproduction and a strong reproductive market.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77563703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

"Let's Not Have the Perfect Be the Enemy of the Good": Social Impact Bonds, Randomized Controlled Trials, and the Valuation of Social Programs. “不要让完美成为好的敌人”:社会影响债券，随机对照试验和社会项目的评估。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211042083

James W Williams

{"title":"\"Let's Not Have the Perfect Be the Enemy of the Good\": Social Impact Bonds, Randomized Controlled Trials, and the Valuation of Social Programs.","authors":"James W Williams","doi":"10.1177/01622439211042083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439211042083","url":null,"abstract":"This article uses the case of \"social impact bonds\" (SIBs) to explore the role of social science methods in new markets in \"social investment.\" Pioneered in the UK in 2010, SIBs use private capital to fund social programs with governments paying returns for successful outcomes. Central to the SIB model is the question of evaluation and the method to be used in determining program outcomes and investor returns. In the United States, the randomized controlled trial (RCT) has been the dominant method. However, this has not been without controversy. Some SIB practitioners and investors have argued that, while this may be the perfect tool, the need to grow the SIB market demands a more pragmatic approach. Drawing from a three-year study of SIBs, and informed by Science and Technology Studies (STS)-inspired work on valuation and the social life of methods, the article explores RCTs as both a valuation technology central to SIB design and the object of a micropolitics of valuation which has impeded market growth. It is the relationship between, and the politics of, evaluation and valuation that is a key lesson of the SIB experiment and an important insight for future research on \"social investment\" and other settings where methods are constitutive of financial value.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

Predicting Success in the Embryology Lab: The Use of Algorithmic Technologies in Knowledge Production. 预测胚胎学实验室的成功：算法技术在知识生产中的应用》。

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2023-01-01 Epub Date: 2021-11-15 DOI: 10.1177/01622439211057105

Alina Geampana, Manuela Perrotta

{"title":"Predicting Success in the Embryology Lab: The Use of Algorithmic Technologies in Knowledge Production.","authors":"Alina Geampana, Manuela Perrotta","doi":"10.1177/01622439211057105","DOIUrl":"10.1177/01622439211057105","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyzes local algorithmic practices resulting from the increased use of time-lapse (TL) imaging in fertility treatment. The data produced by TL technologies are expected to help professionals pick the best embryo for implantation. The emergence of TL has been characterized by promissory discourses of deeper embryo knowledge and expanded selection standardization, despite professionals having no conclusive evidence that TL improves pregnancy rates. Our research explores the use of TL tools in embryology labs. We pay special attention to standardization efforts and knowledge-creation facilitated through TL and its incorporated algorithms. Using ethnographic data from five UK clinical sites, we argue that knowledge generated through TL is contingent upon complex human-machine interactions that produce local uncertainties. Thus, algorithms do not simply add medical knowledge. Rather, they rearrange professional practice and expertise. Firstly, we show how TL changes lab routines and training needs. Secondly, we show that the human input TL requires renders the algorithm itself an uncertain and situated practice. This, in turn, raises professional questions about the algorithm's authority in embryo selection. The article demonstrates the embedded nature of algorithmic knowledge production, thus pointing to the need for STS scholarship to further explore the locality of algorithms and AI.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9727110/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10391818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Beyond the Egg and the Sperm?: How Science Has Revised a Romance through Reproductomics 超越卵子和精子?:科学是如何通过生殖学来修正爱情的

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-10-25 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221123943

Janelle Lamoreaux

引用次数: 2

Pluralistic Collaboration in Science and Technology: Reviewing Knowledge Systems, Culture, Norms, and Work Styles 科技多元合作:回顾知识系统、文化、规范和工作方式

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-10-10 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221124663

Saul Halfon, B. Sovacool

{"title":"Pluralistic Collaboration in Science and Technology: Reviewing Knowledge Systems, Culture, Norms, and Work Styles","authors":"Saul Halfon, B. Sovacool","doi":"10.1177/01622439221124663","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/01622439221124663","url":null,"abstract":"This paper challenges the language of “interdisciplinarity,” suggesting “pluralistic collaboration” as a better alternative. Interdisciplinarity, team science, and transdisciplinarity frame academic and problem-focused collaborations narrowly, overemphasizing epistemology, downplaying extra-disciplinary divides and nonacademic collaborators, and either ignoring or psychologizing individual-level phenomena. We first paint a picture of the tensions and divides that exist in pluralistic collaborations, in three dimensions—epistemic, cultural, and normative—using a series of literature reviews to simultaneously map and extend these dimensions. We then introduce and explore a fourth dimension—academic work styles. Individual level considerations of collaboration in the literature generally rely on psychological types. We explore what a more sociologically oriented approach to individual dynamics within collaborations would look like by identifying and exploring four general academic work styles: isolationist, imperialist, pragmatist, and pluralist. We conclude by emphasizing and reflecting on pluralistic collaboration. Pluralism exists along a range of dimensions, and pluralizing or homogenizing different dimensions (pluralizing pluralism) can produce diverse effects on the outcome of interdisciplinary collaboration. While we thus advocate for pluralism along a greater range of dimensions when addressing complex problems, we suggest that over-pluralization can be a problem.","PeriodicalId":48083,"journal":{"name":"Science Technology & Human Values","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91359090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Reading Boxes, Exhibiting Practices 阅读盒子，展示实践

IF 3.1 2区社会学

Science Technology & Human Values Pub Date : 2022-09-14 DOI: 10.1177/01622439221123838

Helen Verran

引用次数: 0