{"title":"How do investors perceive corporate general counsel? The role of monitoring and advising demand","authors":"Zhihong Chen , Yun Ke , Ke Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107175","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107175","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We find that firms with a general counsel (GC) in top management (GC firms) have a higher ex-ante cost of equity implied in stock prices and analysts’ earnings forecasts. Lead-lag changes analysis shows that the cost of equity increases after, but not before, the appointment of GCs to top management. Cross-sectional analyses suggest that the cost of equity difference between GC and non-GC firms and the cost of equity increase following the appointment of GCs to top management are more pronounced for firms with greater monitoring demand and less pronounced for firms with greater advising demand. We also observe negative market reactions to proxy statements that reveal the appointment of a GC to top management. Finally, our falsification tests find no evidence that investors react to the addition of Chief Marketing Officers, Chief Operating Officers, or Chief Financial Officers to top management. Overall, our results suggest that investors’ perceptions of including GCs in top management depend on the firm’s demand for monitoring and advising.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107175"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jere R. Francis , Nargess M. Golshan , Inder K. Khurana
{"title":"Local peers and corporate reporting behavior","authors":"Jere R. Francis , Nargess M. Golshan , Inder K. Khurana","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107174","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107174","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We find that firms exhibit greater earnings similarity when compared to industry peers in the same city, as the number of local peers increases. This is due to the potential adverse consequences of underperforming relative to local peers. As the number of local peers increases, there is increased local competition, which creates pressure to perform as well as competitors. Firms respond to this pressure by exhibiting earnings similarity to meet market expectations and to take advantage of external financing and growth opportunities. However, we show that this mimicking behavior creates a false similarity and is achieved by firms reporting higher levels of unexpected accruals. This is consistent with the idea that mimicking allows firms to maintain their relative performance with local rivals. These results continue to hold for a sample of firms that move to a location with a higher number of local peers than their initial location. We also find that firms in cities with more peers have a greater likelihood of earnings misstatements. In cross-sectional analyses, the adverse effect of more local peers on earnings quality is stronger for firms with greater market attention, where external financing dependence is higher, and among firms in locations with more growth opportunities. Overall, our evidence points to geographic proximity as a key mechanism in a firm’s reporting behavior in that firms mimic to produce a false similarity in earnings that is achieved through accruals management.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107174"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139027903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Net operating losses and Chapter 11","authors":"Velia Gabriella Cenciarelli , Alessandro Gabrielli , Giulio Greco","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107173","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107173","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>In this paper, we investigate the association between net operating losses (NOLs) and Chapter 11 filings by firms that decided to restructure their business (“restructuring firms”). Studying a sample of public firms in the US over a 30-year period, we show that after controlling for the expected industry post-reorganization tax rates, higher NOLs are associated with the decision to file under Chapter 11. Further investigation shows that fresh-start firms benefit from lower tax rates after emerging from the Chapter 11 procedure. We contribute to the tax literature on NOLs and important firm decisions and on taxation in fresh-start firms, as well as to the literature on Chapter 11. We inform policymakers and practitioners regarding the use of tax benefits in restructuring frameworks.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107173"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138824125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Why do audit clients voluntarily disclose the compliance and planning components of auditor provided tax services?","authors":"Ronen Gal-Or , Michelle Harding , Vic Naiker , Divesh Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107160","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107160","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Criticisms of audit firms marketing and devising tax avoidance strategies for their audit clients have led to calls from regulators, investors, and proxy advisors for more detailed disclosures on the composition of tax non-audit services (NAS). Using a hand-collected dataset, we examine the determinants of audit clients’ voluntary bifurcation of total tax NAS fees into the tax planning and compliance components, and the effect of these voluntary disclosures on firm value. We find that firms with higher levels of tax NAS are more likely to provide this disclosure, as well as firms that engage in higher levels of tax avoidance and have accounting experts serve on the audit committee. Using textual analysis, we find that among voluntary tax NAS fee breakdown disclosers, firms with higher total tax and, specifically, tax planning NAS fees have longer and less similar tax NAS fee disclosures relative to the prior period disclosure. Our firm value analyses indicate higher valuations for firms providing voluntary breakdown disclosures when these disclosures reveal high tax NAS fees generally, and high tax planning NAS fees specifically. The firm valuation effects are incrementally more pronounced when voluntary tax NAS fee breakdown firms report higher tax avoidance and expert audit committee oversight. Our results suggest that the voluntary disclosure of private information regarding the nature of tax NAS is one mechanism through which firms facing scrutiny over the implications of these services can alleviate information asymmetry and stakeholder skepticism of tax NAS.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107160"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138688077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeff Zeyun Chen , Youngki Jang , Boochun Jung , Minyoung Noh
{"title":"Labor skill and accounting conservatism","authors":"Jeff Zeyun Chen , Youngki Jang , Boochun Jung , Minyoung Noh","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107172","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107172","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the role of labor market frictions in shaping firms’ accounting policies. We find that firms’ reliance on high-skill labor is negatively related to accounting conservatism, presumably because higher labor adjustment costs make conservative accounting policies more costly. Cross-sectional tests further support the notion that labor adjustment costs are the main driver for the negative relation between labor skill and accounting conservatism. Specifically, the negative relation is more pronounced when a firm i) operates in more competitive industries, ii) has a higher voluntary employee turnover rate, and iii) is more financially constrained. Finally, we show that the positive implication of accounting conservatism for future operating performance and cost of debt is weaker for firms requiring high labor skill, providing plausible explanations for a negative relation between labor skill and accounting conservatism. Collectively, we provide novel evidence on the relation between labor force heterogeneity and accounting conservatism.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107172"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138558684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CEO succession and auditor going concern decisions: An analysis of outsider CEOs and generalist skills","authors":"Egor Evdokimov, Iliyas Yusoff","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107159","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107159","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study shows how external CEO succession can mitigate external auditors’ propensity to issue a going concern opinion (GCO) in financially distressed firms, particularly when the outsider CEO possesses higher generalist skills relative to the outgoing CEO. We show that our findings are unlikely to be driven by factors such as pre-succession restructuring, institutional ownership, and board quality that could trigger strategic changes and the appointment of an outsider CEO. Further, we provide evidence to rule out the possibility of our results being influenced by self-selection or omitted variables biases. We also find that the ability of outsider CEOs to mitigate going concern opinions in their appointment year significantly contributes to the subsequent improvements in the financial performance of distressed firms. Further tests on some mechanisms through which new external CEOs can reduce the likelihood of going concern opinions show that firms with such CEO appointees are more likely to reduce dividends and labor costs, issue equity, and reduce product similarity of prospector firms relative to their peers.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107159"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278425423001199/pdfft?md5=85fad9e1a87cfbb1924f7647d255e8ed&pid=1-s2.0-S0278425423001199-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138546253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Does choice matter? The effect of filing method autonomy on taxpayer aggressiveness in a pre-filled tax return system","authors":"Jason M. Schwebke","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107171","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>While pre-filled tax filing systems are the norm in many European countries, individuals in the U.S. are accustomed to the autonomy and control associated with preparing their own tax return. Taking that autonomy away by requiring individuals to use a pre-filled system could have negative consequences. Prior research has shown that implementing a pre-filled system in the U.S. may decrease compliance. Building on prior literature, results of an experiment manipulating filing method (traditional vs. pre-filled) and autonomy (present vs. absent) indicate that taxpayers who are given autonomy to choose the pre-filled system report significantly less aggressively than those forced to use it. Given that the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) revoked its promise not to compete with tax preparation software companies—opening the door for an IRS-created pre-filled filing system—this study has major implications for policymakers. Namely, policymakers would have to decide whether to make a pre-filled tax return system voluntary or mandatory. This study sheds light on the consequences of this policy decision.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107171"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138484162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effects of local newspaper closures on nonprofits’ executive compensation","authors":"Robert Felix , Joshua A. Khavis , Mikhail Pevzner","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107168","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>We examine the role of local newspapers in monitoring the nonprofit sector by testing how local newspaper closures affect nonprofits’ executive compensation levels. Although prior research establishes that local newspaper closures affect behavior of for-profits and municipalities, the unique governance and enforcement environment of nonprofits make it unclear whether and how closures of local newspapers will affect nonprofits’ executive compensation spending behavior. Consistent with local newspapers serving as an alternative monitoring mechanism within the nonprofit sector, we find that, following local newspaper closures, the levels of nonprofits’ executive compensation spending increases. This effect is less pronounced among nonprofits having audits and among those with better internal governance. Our results suggest that newspaper closures exacerbate agency problems among nonprofits particularly when alternative monitoring mechanisms of nonprofits are weaker.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107168"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138475341","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Who participates in corporate income tax consolidation?: Evidence from Japan","authors":"Kazuki Onji","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107158","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When a group of affiliated corporations can file a single tax return based on a combined income, what types of groups would take up the option? This study empirically analyzes decisions to participate in a single-jurisdiction consolidated tax filing. The data consists of 2,782 Japanese corporate groups headed by publicly-traded corporations observed from 2002 to 2007. Results indicate a higher likelihood of participation among groups characterized by low correlation in returns among group members, high variance in returns, many subsidiaries, and losses accumulated in parents. The significant influence of variance and covariance of returns suggests that a consolidation scheme improves the efficiency of a corporate income tax by reducing profit shifting.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"43 ","pages":"Article 107158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138395173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"To replicate or not to replicate? That is the question","authors":"Divesh S. Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107151","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2023.107151","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>The scientific research world was shaken by revelations of a crisis in reproducing well-regarded research in psychology. This crisis reverberated across several academic disciplines including accounting, which led to controversy about the place and status of replications in accounting. The imperative for encouraging replications in our field is not new and has been met largely with opposition. While antagonists and advocates hold their ground, I believe it is critical to address misconceptions of the role and value of replication studies. In this essay, I clarify the role of replications focusing on two general types of replication: close and differentiated replications. I then discuss the status of replication in accounting followed by a brief </span>narrative on a well-known replication in the auditor independence literature. My concluding comments weave through suggested pathways for a better understanding of replication studies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":48070,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Accounting and Public Policy","volume":"42 6","pages":"Article 107151"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135663612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}