{"title":"Assist or substitute? The influential mechanism of worker's usage experience on their overall evaluation of generative artificial intelligence","authors":"Boyang Zheng , Chunqu Xiao , Yayu Zhou , Lei Wu , Hongyong Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103190","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103190","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Generative artificial intelligence (generative AI) plays a vital role in developing productivity, while also reshaping the way workers work and bringing about career shock. This research aims at enriching the understanding of factors influencing workers' attitudes toward generative AI and its underlying mechanism. According to elaboration likelihood model (ELM), usage experience as elaborated information is processed through the central route, shaping attitudes and perceptions. We conducted five studies including experiments and questionnaire surveys. The results demonstrate that: (1) worker's usage experience of generative AI is positively related to their overall evaluations of generative AI; (2) the relationship between usage experience and overall evaluation is mediated by assist-perception rather than substitute-perception; (3) creative self-efficacy can moderate the relationship between usage experience and overall evaluation, as well as the indirect effect path of assist-perception; (4) Employability can moderate the relationship between usage experience and overall evaluation. For workers with low creative self-efficacy and low employability, usage experience does not improve their overall evaluation. Theoretically, this study extends the understanding of antecedents that shape workers' attitudes toward generative AI and identifies the relative independence of perceived assistance and substitution. It practically offers managerial recommendations for addressing the opportunities and challenges posed by generative AI. Future research may build on this work by further exploring how usage experience influences perceptions across different technological and occupational contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103190"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145746921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-13DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103199
Raphael Gonda , Jaehun Park
{"title":"Charting the ChatGPT landscape: Insights from academic discourse on Twitter","authors":"Raphael Gonda , Jaehun Park","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103199","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103199","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the wake of the emergence of ChatGPT as a transformative tool, effective policies and regulations for its integration into research and education are vital. This paper addresses challenges in the rapidly evolving AI landscape by identifying key events and discussions. To that end, the current study extracted insights from the academic community that had come during the early stages of ChatGPT's adoption. A dataset of 84,706 sentences sourced from Twitter (X.com) users in the research and academic community and collected over the course of eight months between November 2022 and June 2023 were examined using topic modeling and aspect-based sentiment analysis to explore prevailing reactions and perceptions. Nine key themes such as academic writing, coding, and time-saving tasks were identified. Strong sentiments emerged around policy debates, the issue of data security, and evolving research practices. Further, a causal analysis was performed to identify discussions and events that had triggered shifts in public sentiment. Examples include temporary restrictions on generative AI, new institutional policies, and legislative efforts to ensure responsible AI integration. This paper provides a timeline-linked perspective on how the academic community, thus far, has responded to generative AI. The findings can inform pragmatic, context-sensitive policies that foster innovation while safeguarding academic values.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103199"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145839461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103215
Nicole Cecchele Lago , Daniel de Abreu Pereira Uhr , Jose Luis Duarte Ribeiro , Yasmin Olteanu , Klaus Fichter
{"title":"The impact of artificial intelligence on startup business model innovation: exploring conditional effects of different strategic goals","authors":"Nicole Cecchele Lago , Daniel de Abreu Pereira Uhr , Jose Luis Duarte Ribeiro , Yasmin Olteanu , Klaus Fichter","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103215","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103215","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping how startups create, deliver, and capture value. Despite widespread practical use, empirical evidence on AI's impact on startup business model innovation (BMI) remains limited. This study examines the causal effect of AI on BMI and investigates how this effect is conditioned by strategic goals—rapid growth, profitability, market share, and social/environmental impact. Using data from 1104 German startups and nonparametric tree-based Double Machine Learning models, we find that startups with intense use of AI exhibit significantly higher BMI than startups with little or no AI use. This effect is especially pronounced in startups prioritizing rapid growth and profitability, and it is strongest when startups pursue multiple strategic goals simultaneously, highlighting the amplifying role of strategic alignment. By providing quantitative effect estimates, this research advances understanding of AI as a technological enabler of BMI and offers actionable guidance for entrepreneurs and policymakers on how BMI can be enhanced through the alignment of AI with distinct strategic goals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103215"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103144
Qinwen Deng
{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution and configuration pathways of digital-intelligent regional innovation ecosystem sustainability: Evidence from China based on symbiosis theory","authors":"Qinwen Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Amid the global wave of digital and intelligent transformation, Digital-Intelligent Regional Innovation Ecosystem Sustainability (DIRGIES) has become vital for promoting innovation, enhancing resilience, and overcoming growth bottlenecks. Grounded in symbiosis theory, this study develops a five-dimensional evaluation framework, which includes units, matrix, community, network, and environment. By integrating the CRITIC-TOPSIS method, spatial econometrics, and dynamic QCA, it systematically examines the spatiotemporal evolution and configuration pathways of DIRGIES across Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2023. The findings reveal that DIRGIES in China exhibit a spatial divergence pattern characterized by strong performance in the eastern region and weaker performance in the west; however, with the widespread adoption of digital technologies and deepening policy coordination, spatial dependence has weakened and network-based collaboration has intensified. Dynamic QCA identifies four configurations associated with high DIRGIES and four associated with low DIRGIES, highlighting the complex, nonlinear, and synergistic causal mechanisms among multiple factors. Digital-intelligent technologies significantly enhance system resilience by reconfiguring resource allocation, optimizing network structures, and strengthening environmental adaptability. Based on these insights, this study proposes a stratified, differentiated, and dynamically adaptive policy framework that provides a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for differentiated regional governance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103144"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145448680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI companions and subjective well-being: Moderation by social connectedness and loneliness","authors":"Atsushi Nakagomi , Yasuko Akutsu , Mika Yasuoka , Noriyuki Abe , Shiichi Ihara , Taisuke Teroh , Takahiro Tabuchi","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103229","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103229","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Conversational AI companions—such as Replika and Character.AI—are increasingly adopted to provide emotional support, yet their psychological effects remain underexplored. This study investigates whether the use of AI companions is associated with enhanced well-being, and whether these associations are moderated by social network/support and loneliness. We analysed cross-sectional data from 14,721 Japanese adults participating in nationwide internet panel surveys conducted in December 2024 and January 2025. Well-being was assessed across three domains: evaluative (life satisfaction), hedonic (happiness), and eudaimonic (purpose and meaning in life). AI use was categorized as either companion or non-companion. Moderators included social network/support (measured via the Lubben Social Network Scale, LSNS-6) and loneliness (UCLA Loneliness Scale). Multivariable linear regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to assess associations and effect modification. Use of AI companions was significantly associated with higher scores across all well-being domains. In contrast, non-companion AI use showed weaker or inconsistent associations. A U-shaped moderation pattern emerged for friend-based social network/support: the benefits of AI companions were most pronounced among those with moderate levels of social connection and attenuated among those with either very high or very low levels. The strongest positive associations were observed among individuals reporting high loneliness. These findings suggest that AI companions may offer emotional and psychological benefits, particularly for individuals with unmet social and emotional needs or moderate social embeddedness. Future research should explore causal mechanisms and develop design strategies that promote well-being without impairing real-world social engagement.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103229"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924201","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-05DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103225
Feng-Ping Lee , Irene Wei Kiong Ting , Wen-Min Lu
{"title":"Driving sustainability: ESG and business strategy in global autonomous driving industry","authors":"Feng-Ping Lee , Irene Wei Kiong Ting , Wen-Min Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103225","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103225","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research investigates the influence of environmental, social and governance (ESG) factors on the sustainable performance of global autonomous driving firms, specifically examining the moderating effect of business strategy. Drawing on data from 2017 to 2024 for 34 global enterprises—collectively representing approximately 85 % of total market capitalisation—this study assesses operational and market efficiency via a data envelopment analysis framework. These assessments are further refined through nonparametric tests and truncated regression analyses. Findings demonstrate that social initiatives enhance operational efficiency, whereas environmental and governance initiatives primarily strengthen market performance. Furthermore, business strategy moderates these relationships; strategic misalignment, such as rigid governance structures within prospector firms, diminishes ESG effectiveness. Regional analysis reveals distinct patterns: North American firms excel in social and environmental metrics; European firms lead in governance and operational efficiency; and Asian firms, whilst driven by technology and production, exhibit lower marketability and social responsibility scores. Beyond firm-specific metrics, these results underscore the broader societal importance of autonomous driving technologies. Integrating ESG frameworks remains essential to guiding innovation that is ethical, environmentally sustainable and socially responsible. Ultimately, this study offers actionable insights for policymakers, industry leaders and investors, highlighting the importance of aligning ESG practices with strategic priorities to foster sustainable technological development and ensure that autonomous driving yields public and economic benefits.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103225"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103219
Francesco Laviola, Nicola Cucari
{"title":"From promise to concern: Public perceptions of AI in ESG frameworks over time","authors":"Francesco Laviola, Nicola Cucari","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103219","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2026.103219","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates how public sentiment toward Artificial Intelligence (AI) has evolved at the intersection of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) frameworks and the rising field of Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) over the past 25 years. Drawing on a dataset of 33,628 news articles published between 2000 and 2025, we conduct a large-scale longitudinal sentiment analysis to identify discursive patterns in the perception of AI's role across the ESG dimensions. Our findings reveal substantial variation across the three pillars. While sentiment toward AI in governance contexts shows a consistently positive trend, associated with increased expectations for transparency, monitoring, and compliance, environmental sentiment exhibits a sharp downturn after 2022, reflecting concerns over the carbon footprint of generative AI technologies. The social dimension displays fluctuating sentiment, influenced by debates on automation, fairness, and ethical accountability. These differentiated trajectories suggest that AI legitimacy is a domain-specific and socially negotiated construct, rather than a uniform outcome of technological advancement. Public discourse, as captured in news media, functions as an anticipatory indicator of emerging regulatory tensions and reputational risks, offering valuable foresight for corporate and institutional decision-makers. This study contributes to the literature on technology and society by highlighting the role of sentiment dynamics in shaping AI governance and sustainability strategies. It provides both theoretical insights into the social construction of technological legitimacy and practical implications for the design of responsive, context-sensitive ESG policies in the age of digital transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103219"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145924184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI-metaverse at work: Trading value for risk in organizational knowledge systems","authors":"Yuheng Ren , Safiya Mukhtar Alshibani , Varun Chotia , Bhumika Gupta , Amedeo Maizza","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103202","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103202","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial Intelligence (AI) and metaverse technologies are transforming organisational knowledge ecosystems by facilitating immersive, intelligent, and interactive digital work environments. Utilising the theory of consumption value and perceived risk theory, this research formulates and experimentally evaluates two structural models to investigate the impact of AI–metaverse features on knowledge engagement as well as on knowledge application performance. SmartPLS4 was used to look at survey data from 279 professionals who worked in IT, manufacturing, finance, healthcare, education, and retail. The findings indicate that AI–metaverse learning value, cognitive immersion, and enjoyment substantially improve knowledge engagement and subsequent application performance. Conversely, techno-overload surprisingly has a positive effect, implying adaptive behaviour in digitally saturated contexts. On the other hand, information overload, data-surveillance fear, and perceived security vulnerability act as positional non-inhibitors of knowledge engagement. These results enhance theory of consumption value and perceived risk theory by illustrating that cognitive–affective appraisal mechanisms collaboratively influence user engagement in organisational metaverse systems. The paper makes a unique contribution by being one of the first to show how value-driven and risk-based AI-metaverse traits work together to affect organisational knowledge outcomes. This helps us understand both the theory and practice of responsible metaverse-enabled work design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103202"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-12-29DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103210
Meiting Ma , Xiaojie Wu , Xiuqiong Wang
{"title":"Technological imprints of TMTs, configuration of technological resources and Chinese enterprise digital transformation","authors":"Meiting Ma , Xiaojie Wu , Xiuqiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103210","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103210","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The technological imprint of the top management team (TMT) plays a critical role in firms' digital transformation. However, research on why and how educational and positional technological imprints affect digital transformation differently is lacking. Taking 2303 Chinese listed A-share enterprises from 2011 to 2022 as a sample and combining imprint theory with upper echelons theory, we investigate the mediating effect of the size and quality of the technological resource configuration on the relationship between TMTs' technological imprints and firms’ digital transformation. The results show that when executives have a technological imprint, they prefer a high level of digital transformation. Executives with educational technological imprints tend to enhance the quality of the technological resource configuration to pursue advanced digital transformation, whereas those with positional technological imprints focus on expanding the size of such a configuration. This finding has important theoretical and practical significance for traditional enterprises attending to the role of TMTs in digital transformation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103210"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145975860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Technology in SocietyPub Date : 2026-06-01Epub Date: 2025-11-10DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103157
Feng Wu , Jin Chen , Yue Tang , Yanwei Zhang
{"title":"Spatiotemporal evolution of regional innovation capacity from an open innovation perspective","authors":"Feng Wu , Jin Chen , Yue Tang , Yanwei Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103157","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.techsoc.2025.103157","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study extends the concept of open innovation from the firm level to regional innovation ecosystems by integrating social-ecological system insights and operationalizing a 3D index architecture covering basic innovation capacity, open innovation capacity, and innovation adaptability. Using a projection pursuit model optimized by a real-coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA-PPM), kernel density estimation, and spatial correlation analysis, we evaluate the regional innovation capacity of 31 Chinese provinces from 2011 to 2021 and examine their spatiotemporal evolution. Results indicate that innovation adaptability carries the largest and most stable weight among Level 1 dimensions, indicating that coordination, learning, and risk absorption routines increasingly shape how inputs and openness translate into outcomes. Spatially, Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei, the Bohai Rim, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta all exhibit strong capacity but heterogeneous integration, with tighter coupling in Shanghai–Jiangsu–Zhejiang–Anhui. Globally and locally, positive spatial correlations follow a pattern of initial decline and subsequent increase; local high-high clusters contract overall, with apparent weakening in the north, stronger integration in the east, and improvements around the southwest. Methodologically, RAGA-PPM improves sensitivity to nonlinear, multimodal structures and yields temporally coherent measures compared with entropy-based baselines. Furthermore, policy translation is specified along three tracks: capability formation for adaptability, orchestration of cross-regional collaboration, and demand-side measures to enhance absorption, each with concrete instruments for provincial implementation. The findings of the study advance the integration of open innovation and regional innovation systems as well as provide actionable guidance for differentiated public policies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47979,"journal":{"name":"Technology in Society","volume":"85 ","pages":"Article 103157"},"PeriodicalIF":12.5,"publicationDate":"2026-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145527329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}