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Steering at a distance: research centre funding schemes as instruments for university change 远程指导：作为大学变革工具的研究中心资助计划
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae005
Manuel Pereira-Puga, Luis Sanz-Menéndez
{"title":"Steering at a distance: research centre funding schemes as instruments for university change","authors":"Manuel Pereira-Puga, Luis Sanz-Menéndez","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scae005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scae005","url":null,"abstract":"In addition to promoting reforms, governments foster change in university systems through funding, competition, and new policy instruments. Little research has been conducted on how research centre funding schemes support organizational changes in universities and on their institutional and policy barriers. This article addresses the research centre funding schemes implemented by the regional government of Galicia (Spain) in 2016. The approach is observational and based on documentary analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors. The regional government sought to encourage organizational differentiation by increasing the autonomy of centres inside the universities and to enhance strategic research agendas, reinforcing the scientific authority of the centres’ directors. We found that the design and operation of the instrument in the context of the existing university governance system, and the interaction with other funding instruments within the policy mix, may create barriers that hinder the effectiveness of the funding scheme.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140115914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Researchers engaging with society: who does what? 研究人员与社会接触：谁在做什么？
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-03-07 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae006
Siri Brorstad Borlaug, Maria Karaulova, Silje Marie Svartefoss, Gunnar Sivertsen, Ingeborg Meijer, Thed van Leeuwen, Laurens K Hessels
{"title":"Researchers engaging with society: who does what?","authors":"Siri Brorstad Borlaug, Maria Karaulova, Silje Marie Svartefoss, Gunnar Sivertsen, Ingeborg Meijer, Thed van Leeuwen, Laurens K Hessels","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scae006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scae006","url":null,"abstract":"Distinguishing between research collaboration, consultancy, dissemination, and commercialization of research results, this paper analyses the determinants of researchers’ societal engagement. The analytical framework integrates societal engagement as part of the credibility cycle. Several variables extend previous findings on determinants and mechanisms—herein scientific recognition and funding sources. A novel method to investigate the relationship between scientific recognition and societal engagement is explored. Drawing on a large-scale survey of European-based researchers in physics, cardiology, and economics, we find that several factors are associated with different modes of societal engagement in complex and intersecting ways. Scientific recognition is positively associated with research collaboration and dissemination, while organizational seniority is associated with all modes except for research collaboration with non-scientific actors. Female gender is positively associated with dissemination and external funding sources are positively associated will all. The findings intersect with differences in the three research fields.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"110 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140073947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How a timely policy contributes to technological capability building: insights from Iran’s biopharmaceutical sector 及时的政策如何促进技术能力建设：伊朗生物制药行业的启示
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae003
Amir Ghorbani, Kiarash Fartash, Abolfazl Bagheri
{"title":"How a timely policy contributes to technological capability building: insights from Iran’s biopharmaceutical sector","authors":"Amir Ghorbani, Kiarash Fartash, Abolfazl Bagheri","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scae003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scae003","url":null,"abstract":"Building technological capabilities is influenced by different factors, notably policies. This paper explains the co-evolution of policies, i.e. policy tools, on the technological capabilities in Iran’s biopharmaceutical sector from 1995 to 2022. By adopting a qualitative research method, we gathered primary data through thirty-nine semi-structured as well as secondary data from reports and statistics. This paper explains technological capabilities enhancement from operational capabilities to innovative capabilities based on our proposed framework, which includes six levels. While the lack of an efficient policy tools, until the mid-2000s, was decisive in the inertia of biopharmaceutical sector capabilities, a proactive policy tools in recent years led to considerable promising results in terms of manufacturing and exporting advanced biosimilar products. Our findings shed light on the role of government support in the acceleration and directionality of technological capabilities building. Achieving advanced levels of technological capabilities requires learning, international collaboration, and export-oriented policies.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“It is controlling, but you don’t really care.” Researchers’ perceptions of legitimation of research policy "它在控制，但你并不真正关心"。研究人员对研究政策合法化的看法
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-02-29 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae004
Vanja Carlsson, Evelina Johansson Wilén
{"title":"“It is controlling, but you don’t really care.” Researchers’ perceptions of legitimation of research policy","authors":"Vanja Carlsson, Evelina Johansson Wilén","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scae004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scae004","url":null,"abstract":"Starting from the tension between scientific autonomy and state governing in research policy, the aim of this article is to examine how researchers who apply for funding in Sweden perceive the legitimate grounds for a new research policy in which sex and gender perspectives are integrated as criteria in assessing scientific quality. Our results show that researcher’s perception of themselves, and of the purpose of research, is compatible with dominant ideals in contemporary academic landscape, where knowledge is treated as a deliverable to external stakeholders or to meet politically formulated goals. However, according to researchers, the legitimate sources of policy influence originate from their own profession or the common interest of the people, explicitly expressed by citizens. Researchers are questioning, and find strategies to avoid, top-down state governing.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140035296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effectively financing private sector innovation? Toward a conceptual policy framework 为私营部门创新提供有效融资？建立概念性政策框架
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-02-22 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scae002
Alix Jansen, Dan Breznitz
{"title":"Effectively financing private sector innovation? Toward a conceptual policy framework","authors":"Alix Jansen, Dan Breznitz","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scae002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scae002","url":null,"abstract":"Our understanding of innovation policies has been enhanced. However, there is still a gap in conceptualizing the effectiveness of one of innovation policy’s most important tools: financial incentives (FIs). Scholars developed an understanding of the effectiveness of direct versus indirect FIs, but there is no clear theoretical framework that delineates what kind of financial instruments impact what kind of innovation under what conditions. This paper analyzes the different working and operational logic of the wide array of employed FI worldwide to develop what is, to the best of our knowledge, the first conceptual framework discerning what financial tools fit what aims and contexts. This framework allows the development of testable hypotheses as well as the development of incentives tailored differently for different national innovation missions and market structures, suggesting that the growing reliance among OECD countries on indirect FIs in the form of tax incentives is less then optimal.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139955647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Citizen attitudes toward science and technology, 1957–2020: measurement, stability, and the Trump challenge 1957-2020 年公民对科学技术的态度：测量、稳定性和特朗普的挑战
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad086
Jon D Miller, Belén Laspra, Carmelo Polino, Glenn Branch, Mark S Ackerman, Robert T Pennock
{"title":"Citizen attitudes toward science and technology, 1957–2020: measurement, stability, and the Trump challenge","authors":"Jon D Miller, Belén Laspra, Carmelo Polino, Glenn Branch, Mark S Ackerman, Robert T Pennock","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad086","url":null,"abstract":"In democratic societies around the world, the number of science policy decisions is increasing. One of the fundamental principles of democracy is that citizens should be able to understand the issues before them. Using a 63-year cross-sectional US data set, we use confirmatory factor analysis to construct and test a two-dimensional measure of attitude to science and technology that has been relatively stable over the last six decades. Previous and current research tells us that only one in three US adults is scientifically literate, meaning that trust in scientific expertise is important to many citizens. We find that trust in scientific expertise polarized during the Trump administration. Using the same data set, we construct two structural equation models to determine the factors that predict positive attitudes toward science and technology. Comparing 2016 and 2020, we find that the Trump attacks on science did not reduce public support for science.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Enhancing international collaboration in science, technology, and innovation to achieve sustainable development goals 加强科学、技术和创新领域的国际合作，实现可持续发展目标
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad087
Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Manuel Molina Vogelsang
{"title":"Enhancing international collaboration in science, technology, and innovation to achieve sustainable development goals","authors":"Iciar Dominguez Lacasa, Manuel Molina Vogelsang","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad087","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a framework for policymakers supporting sustainable development through international collaboration in science, technology, and innovation (STI). The approach can be applied to derive the national policy strategy for international collaboration in STI. The contribution focuses on the case of Germany in the field of food and agriculture. Accordingly, considering Germany’s current strategic approach for international collaboration in STI, an evidence-based tool for priority setting in the selection of potential partners and technology fields is developed and implemented. More specifically, the approach assesses the opportunity environment for international STI collaboration of Germany with potential partners using patent and economic indicators to capture technological capabilities, technological demand, economic relevance of food, and agriculture in national economies as well as technological and export specialization in food and agriculture. The results present policy strategies enhancing sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139648604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Closing the loop without reinventing the wheel: public procurement for innovation promoting a circular economy 不另起炉灶就能实现闭环：促进循环经济创新的公共采购
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad084
Stephanie Francis Grimbert, Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia
{"title":"Closing the loop without reinventing the wheel: public procurement for innovation promoting a circular economy","authors":"Stephanie Francis Grimbert, Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad084","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical paper adopts a procedural perspective to identify the challenges associated with the implementation of the full scope of approaches to circular public procurement (CPP). We contend that beyond considering CPP from a substantive standpoint (i.e. the procurement affects outside of the organization), adopting a procedural perspective (i.e. the procurement affects inside an organization) to public procurement can pave the way for reflecting transversally on how CPP can borrow from public procurement for innovation (PPI). Building on the challenges identified in the literature on CPP, we identify that PPI can contribute to consolidating CPP through such mechanisms as market engagement and intermediation, functional specifications, and coordinated unbundling. We provide illustrations for each of the identified procedural contributions of PPI to CPP derived from five cases. We discuss how procurement capabilities and evaluation can act as critical drivers for moving from a substantive to a procedural approach to CPP.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transfer of university patents and its impact on follow-on invention 大学专利转让及其对后续发明的影响
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad081
Seokbeom Kwon
{"title":"Transfer of university patents and its impact on follow-on invention","authors":"Seokbeom Kwon","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad081","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of granting firms exclusive rights to use university inventions on the creation of follow-on inventions. By analyzing a dataset of transferred patents from research universities to firms in the USA between 2000 and 2013, we find that allowing firms to exclusively utilize university inventions through patent transfers leads to an increase in follow-on inventions among patent nonrecipients. However, we find no evidence of an impact on the patent recipient’s follow-on inventions. Our analysis also shows evidence of a positive impact of the transfer of patents on government-funded inventions on the rate of follow-on inventions by nonrecipients of the university patents. This research contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the necessity of granting firms the exclusive right to use university knowledge to foster innovation.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The early emergence of ombuds systems in Japanese science universities 日本理科大学早期出现的监察员制度
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad079
Matthew Brummer, Sam Bamkin
{"title":"The early emergence of ombuds systems in Japanese science universities","authors":"Matthew Brummer, Sam Bamkin","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad079","url":null,"abstract":"Ombuds systems in higher education institutes have become increasingly commonplace in North America and Europe, yet there remains a dearth of studies that examine dispute resolution systems in Asia. This article examines the case of Japan, a veritable technology powerhouse that adopted its first organizational ombuds offices in 2019 and 2021 at two leading science universities: Okinawa Institute of Technology and Kyushu Institute of Technology. We assess why these were established, how the change came about, and with what remit the offices are entrusted. We find that policy transfer from abroad occurred in both cases, yet with considerably different degrees of obligation and volitional lesson-drawing, and to considerably different ends. Additionally, policy entrepreneurs played key roles in agenda setting and institutionalization. Nearly all interviewees in this study raised the issue of gender harassment as an enduring challenge for which new conflict resolution mechanisms are needed. The two newly introduced ombuds offices therefore represent one possible model for leveling inequalities in the science landscape.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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