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Closing the loop without reinventing the wheel: public procurement for innovation promoting a circular economy 不另起炉灶就能实现闭环：促进循环经济创新的公共采购
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-13 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad084
Stephanie Francis Grimbert, Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia
{"title":"Closing the loop without reinventing the wheel: public procurement for innovation promoting a circular economy","authors":"Stephanie Francis Grimbert, Jon Mikel Zabala-Iturriagagoitia","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad084","url":null,"abstract":"This theoretical paper adopts a procedural perspective to identify the challenges associated with the implementation of the full scope of approaches to circular public procurement (CPP). We contend that beyond considering CPP from a substantive standpoint (i.e. the procurement affects outside of the organization), adopting a procedural perspective (i.e. the procurement affects inside an organization) to public procurement can pave the way for reflecting transversally on how CPP can borrow from public procurement for innovation (PPI). Building on the challenges identified in the literature on CPP, we identify that PPI can contribute to consolidating CPP through such mechanisms as market engagement and intermediation, functional specifications, and coordinated unbundling. We provide illustrations for each of the identified procedural contributions of PPI to CPP derived from five cases. We discuss how procurement capabilities and evaluation can act as critical drivers for moving from a substantive to a procedural approach to CPP.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139463126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transfer of university patents and its impact on follow-on invention 大学专利转让及其对后续发明的影响
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-08 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad081
Seokbeom Kwon
{"title":"Transfer of university patents and its impact on follow-on invention","authors":"Seokbeom Kwon","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad081","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the effects of granting firms exclusive rights to use university inventions on the creation of follow-on inventions. By analyzing a dataset of transferred patents from research universities to firms in the USA between 2000 and 2013, we find that allowing firms to exclusively utilize university inventions through patent transfers leads to an increase in follow-on inventions among patent nonrecipients. However, we find no evidence of an impact on the patent recipient’s follow-on inventions. Our analysis also shows evidence of a positive impact of the transfer of patents on government-funded inventions on the rate of follow-on inventions by nonrecipients of the university patents. This research contributes to the ongoing debate regarding the necessity of granting firms the exclusive right to use university knowledge to foster innovation.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"52 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The early emergence of ombuds systems in Japanese science universities 日本理科大学早期出现的监察员制度
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-04 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad079
Matthew Brummer, Sam Bamkin
{"title":"The early emergence of ombuds systems in Japanese science universities","authors":"Matthew Brummer, Sam Bamkin","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad079","url":null,"abstract":"Ombuds systems in higher education institutes have become increasingly commonplace in North America and Europe, yet there remains a dearth of studies that examine dispute resolution systems in Asia. This article examines the case of Japan, a veritable technology powerhouse that adopted its first organizational ombuds offices in 2019 and 2021 at two leading science universities: Okinawa Institute of Technology and Kyushu Institute of Technology. We assess why these were established, how the change came about, and with what remit the offices are entrusted. We find that policy transfer from abroad occurred in both cases, yet with considerably different degrees of obligation and volitional lesson-drawing, and to considerably different ends. Additionally, policy entrepreneurs played key roles in agenda setting and institutionalization. Nearly all interviewees in this study raised the issue of gender harassment as an enduring challenge for which new conflict resolution mechanisms are needed. The two newly introduced ombuds offices therefore represent one possible model for leveling inequalities in the science landscape.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139375426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The spatial mobility network and influencing factors of the higher education population in China 中国高等教育人口的空间流动网络及其影响因素
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2024-01-03 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad082
Wentian Shi, Xueying Mu, Wenlong Yang, Qinchang Gui
{"title":"The spatial mobility network and influencing factors of the higher education population in China","authors":"Wentian Shi, Xueying Mu, Wenlong Yang, Qinchang Gui","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad082","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The scale and frequency of talent mobility in the world have increased sharply, and the competition for talent has intensified in various regions. This paper mainly studies the spatial mobility characteristics and influencing factors of China’s highly educated talents. It found that China’s higher education population mobility network has prominent uneven characteristics, the central and eastern regions of China, especially the eastern coastal regions, are the hotspots of the network. The higher education population flows frequently in large cities and regional central areas. The hierarchical structure follows a “north-south division,” which is dominated by Beijing and Shanghai, respectively. Geographical distance has a specific hindering effect in this context. Furthermore, the similarity of culture, institutions, customs, and dialect facilitates the mobility of the higher education population. Cities with high economic levels, centralized educational resources, sound infrastructure, and aesthetically appealing environments are also likely to attract more talents.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"59 7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139388435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Boundary work to what end? Analysing the acid mine drainage case in Gauteng, South Africa 边界工作的目的是什么？分析南非豪登省的酸性矿井排水案例
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2023-12-12 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad078
Nikki Funke, Dave Huitema, Arthur Petersen
{"title":"Boundary work to what end? Analysing the acid mine drainage case in Gauteng, South Africa","authors":"Nikki Funke, Dave Huitema, Arthur Petersen","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad078","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article contributes a boundary work analysis of the case of acid mine drainage (AMD) in South Africa to the existing boundary work literature. We conduct our analysis by applying a synthesized multi-level boundary work framework to examine whether the knowledge that was produced during the boundary work conducted was usable and influential in decision-making and resulted in successful policy implementation. We conclude that contrary to expectations, a closed, technocratic boundary work process resulted in the relatively successful implementation of a short-term intervention in the AMD problem, whereas a subsequent open and deliberative process did not result in the successful implementation of the long-term policy solution. We ascribe this finding to the influence of critical enabling and constraining factors characterizing the South African socio-political context within which the AMD issue is situated, and therefore, we recommend adding a meta-analytical layer to boundary work analyses, especially in developing country contexts.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"19 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139009444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Priorities in research portfolios: exploring the need for upstream research in cardiometabolic and mental health 研究组合的优先事项：探索心脏代谢和心理健康上游研究的需求
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2023-12-11 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad032
Wouter van de Klippe, Alfredo Yegros-Yegros, Tim Willemse, Ismael Rafols
{"title":"Priorities in research portfolios: exploring the need for upstream research in cardiometabolic and mental health","authors":"Wouter van de Klippe, Alfredo Yegros-Yegros, Tim Willemse, Ismael Rafols","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad032","url":null,"abstract":"A current issue in mission-oriented research policy is the balance of priorities in research portfolios. In parallel, in health policies, there is a debate on shifting research away from biomedical treatments towards health promotion and well-being. In this study, we examine if research agendas are responsive to these demands in cardiometabolic and mental health. First, we conducted bibliometric analyses which showed that most research remains focused on biomedical and clinical approaches. In contrast, focus groups and interviews suggested that more research is needed upstream, i.e. on broader determinants of health, public health, and health systems. Most experts also saw a need for more intervention-oriented research. Furthermore, comparisons between cardiometabolic and mental health suggested that they require similar upstream knowledge in issues such as health systems, nutrition, labour, or economic conditions. We discuss the reasons for the persistence of current priorities and the implications in the context of funding strategies.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138576687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Missions and Cohesion Policy: is there a match? 使命和凝聚力政策:是否匹配?
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-28 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad076
Francesco Cappellano, Francesco Molica, Teemu Makkonen
{"title":"Missions and Cohesion Policy: is there a match?","authors":"Francesco Cappellano, Francesco Molica, Teemu Makkonen","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores possibilities for cross-fertilization between the mission-oriented approach (MOA), informing the European Union (EU) Missions, and Cohesion Policy (CP). It argues for mutual policy learning between CP and MOA to address their shortcomings: CP faces a gradual erosion of its identity, while MOA lacks a territorial perspective. MOA can offer a theoretical ‘blueprint’ for reorganizing and clarifying CP’s ever-expanding and blurred thematic scope, providing direction to strengthen CP’s result orientation, and encouraging the adoption of ‘whole-of-government’ approaches to streamline CP’s complex governance relationships. MOA can benefit from adopting the CP architecture, which allows for common broad priorities to be adapted to territorial contexts and to regional strategies. MOA could also learn from CP’s goal of maximizing equity and efficiency, its focus on empowering regions, and its redistributive approach for fostering the full potential of all regions to address societal challenges to support the objectives of the EU Missions.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"146 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Taking pluralism seriously: a new perspective on evidence-based policy 认真对待多元主义:循证政策的新视角
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-21 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad074
Karim Bschir, Simon Lohse
{"title":"Taking pluralism seriously: a new perspective on evidence-based policy","authors":"Karim Bschir, Simon Lohse","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad074","url":null,"abstract":"Scientific policy advice in the face of complex real-world problems requires a maximally pluralistic knowledge base. However, integrating different types of knowledge from a variety of sources raises a series of highly challenging epistemic as well as practical problems. We propose an integrated model of pluralistic policy advice emphasizing the appropriate constitution and structure of pluralistic expert panels. Furthermore, we suggest that normative assumptions underlying expert advice should be made explicit to policymakers. The goal should not be to avoid normative biases, but rather to create transparency with respect to the unavoidable value judgements that influence the epistemic preferences of experts and to provide policymakers with evidence-based scenarios that range over a variety of value preferences.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"6 6-7","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Value dissonance in research(er) assessment: individual and perceived institutional priorities in review, promotion, and tenure 研究(er)评估中的价值失调:个人和感知机构在审查、晋升和任期中的优先级
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-17 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad073
Tony Ross-Hellauer, Thomas Klebel, Petr Knoth, Nancy Pontika
{"title":"Value dissonance in research(er) assessment: individual and perceived institutional priorities in review, promotion, and tenure","authors":"Tony Ross-Hellauer, Thomas Klebel, Petr Knoth, Nancy Pontika","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad073","url":null,"abstract":"There are currently broad moves to reform research assessment, especially to better incentivize open and responsible research and avoid problematic use of inappropriate quantitative indicators. This study adds to the evidence base for such decision-making by investigating researcher perceptions of current processes of research assessment in institutional review, promotion, and tenure processes. Analysis of an international survey of 198 respondents reveals a disjunct between personal beliefs and perceived institutional priorities (‘value dissonance’), with practices of open and responsible research, as well as ‘research citizenship’ comparatively poorly valued by institutions at present. Our findings hence support current moves to reform research assessment. But we also add crucial nuance to the debate by discussing the relative weighting of open and responsible practices and suggesting that fostering research citizenship activities like collegiality and mentorship may be an important way to rebalance criteria towards environments, which better foster quality, openness, and responsibility.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"79 5-6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Drivers of eco-innovation: the role of appropriability strategies and complementary assets 生态创新的驱动因素:适宜性策略和互补资产的作用
IF 2.7 4区 管理学
Science and Public Policy Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1093/scipol/scad072
Guillermo Orjuela-Ramirez, Julio Cesar Zuluaga-Jimenez, David Urbano
{"title":"Drivers of eco-innovation: the role of appropriability strategies and complementary assets","authors":"Guillermo Orjuela-Ramirez, Julio Cesar Zuluaga-Jimenez, David Urbano","doi":"10.1093/scipol/scad072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scad072","url":null,"abstract":"How do eco-innovators protect and profit from their innovations so they have the incentive to undertake an innovation in the first place? The double externality nature of environmental innovations intricates this appropriability problem, as competitors and society might also benefit from the value created by eco-innovation. Based on David Teece’s Profiting from innovation framework, we argue that firms combine appropriability strategies such as patents, industrial secrecy, and complex design with the development of complementary assets to incentivize and secure rent appropriation from eco-innovation. We estimate that formal appropriability mechanisms increase the probability of developing an eco-innovation by 6 per cent, while informal mechanisms increase it by about 15 per cent. Our panel data regression model demonstrates that marketing capability enhances the effect of appropriability mechanisms by differentiating eco-innovation from other technologies. However, this complementarity differs as a firm increases marketing investments, especially in small and Research and Development R&D publicly financed firms.","PeriodicalId":47975,"journal":{"name":"Science and Public Policy","volume":"81 1-2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138514068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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