IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104017

Yuanmeng Liu , Na Liu , Fuyin Thomas Li

引用次数: 0

Sundanese verbal groups: Towards a systemic functional linguistic description 巽他语语群：走向系统功能语言描述

IF 1.3 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104027

Lungguh A. Bangga

{"title":"Sundanese verbal groups: Towards a systemic functional linguistic description","authors":"Lungguh A. Bangga","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104027","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104027","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper focuses on the description of verbal groups in Sundanese, a Malayo-Polynesian language of West Java, Indonesia, from a Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) perspective. Verbal groups in Sundanese are described in relation to their functions in the clause, their interactions with other systemic options at group rank, and their morphology at word rank. It begins by reviewing relevant descriptions of Sundanese verbs. Drawing on SFL theory, verbal groups are then interpreted in relation to their co-textual (discourse semantics) and contextual (register and genre) features. In particular, the paper reveals the contribution of verbal groups to interpersonal and experiential meanings at clause rank. Interpersonally, verbal groups in Sundanese play a role in the negotiation of information and goods-and-services, realise the <span>mood, modality</span> and <span>polarity</span> systems implicated in the tenor of discourse within the context. Experientially, they contribute to the expression of different types of experience in ideational discourse semantics, providing resources for construing the events and states implicated in the field of discourse within context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 104027"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The production of the subjunctive in child heritage Spanish: an examination of early acquired contexts 儿童遗产西班牙语中虚拟语气的产生：早期习得语境的考察

IF 1.3 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104026

Laura Solano-Escobar

{"title":"The production of the subjunctive in child heritage Spanish: an examination of early acquired contexts","authors":"Laura Solano-Escobar","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104026","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104026","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The present study examined the production of the subjunctive among 30 child heritage speakers, 30 monolingual children, 15 immigrant parents and 15 monolingual parents in two early acquired deontic predicates that differ in selection type (predicates of volition and reported commands, including <em>querer</em> “to want” and <em>decir</em> “to say/tell”). Additionally, it explored the role of chronological age, proficiency, language exposure and language use on the production of the subjunctive. The results obtained via a sentence completion task showed high rates of subjunctive use among the heritage children. Nonetheless, the heritage children differed from the other groups in the production of alternative responses. Results also showed a significant role of chronological age and proficiency in the probability of subjunctive use. The more proficient and the older the children were, the more they produced the subjunctive. Individual results showed variability in the children’s performance with some children exhibiting categorical use of the subjunctive and others showing variable use of it. The study argues for protracted development stemming from the interaction between age and proficiency. It also highlights the importance of considering individual variability in morphosyntactic acquisition, as such variability reflects the dynamic and individualized nature of bilingual development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 104026"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144891984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Brain activation in noun-based- and predicate-Eojeol processing during Korean visual word recognition 韩国语视觉词识别过程中名词和谓词加工的脑激活

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104018

Jeahong Kim , Sung Bum Pyun , Kichun Nam

引用次数: 0

Lexical-semantic and morphological co-development in L2 Chinese: a complex network approach 二语汉语词汇、语义和形态的共同发展：一个复杂的网络研究方法

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-06-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104004

Jian Li , Heng Chen

{"title":"Lexical-semantic and morphological co-development in L2 Chinese: a complex network approach","authors":"Jian Li , Heng Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Using a complex network approach, this study explores the co-development of lexical-semantic knowledge and morphological awareness in second language (L2) Chinese learners. By tracking specific network metrics—such as the steady decline in density (ND) alongside non-monotonic shifts in weighted average degree (WAD) in the lexical-semantic networks, and the persistent rise in average degree (AD) in the word-formation networks—across three proficiency levels, we show how learners move from breadth-focused vocabulary growth toward deeper semantic integration, while their characters show enhanced compounding productivity and cohesive morphological linking. A strong correlation between these two competences is observed, with pivotal characters serving as critical links between the networks. While lexical-semantic knowledge and morphological awareness in L2 Chinese learners co-develop with increasing proficiency, they remain distinct from those of native Chinese speakers. These findings underscore the necessity of integrated, targeted, and stage-specific instructional strategies to facilitate the development of learners’ lexical competence. The study also provides practical insights for teaching Chinese as a foreign language (TCFL) through quantitative and visual analyses of L2 development.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 104004"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144490974","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of linguistic proximity on dependency distance and dependency direction of translated English from 35 languages 语言接近度对35种语言翻译英语依赖距离和依赖方向的影响

IF 1.3 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104020

Zhaoxia Liu

{"title":"The effects of linguistic proximity on dependency distance and dependency direction of translated English from 35 languages","authors":"Zhaoxia Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104020","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104020","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As the “third code”, translated language differs from native language in terms of syntactic features. Translations from different source languages can exhibit syntactic variation due to the source language shining-through effect. This study investigates the impact of linguistic proximity on dependency distance and dependency direction of translated English from various source languages. A corpus of native English and translated English from 35 languages was constructed and annotated for analysis. The findings are: (1) Compared to native English, translated English from 17 languages exhibits shorter mean dependency distances (MDD), while translations from 18 languages exhibit longer MDD. Translations from 13 languages are more head-final, while translations from 22 languages are more head-initial. (2) The dependency distance of translated English correlates positively with the linguistic proximity between source language and English, while the clustering of dependency directions is associated with the linguistic proximity of source languages within language families. (3) For languages spoken in countries where English is an official language alongside the native language, the dependency distance and dependency direction of translated English are influenced more by English than by the native language. These differences arise because dependency distance reflects the cognitive demand involved in processing dependency relations, whereas dependency direction functions as a typological marker distinguishing languages.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 104020"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144738550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Resolving homophonous ambiguity in Mandarin adverbs: Contextual constraints and bidirectional optimization 汉语副词同音歧义的消解：语境约束与双向优化

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104007

Yu-Ching Tseng

{"title":"Resolving homophonous ambiguity in Mandarin adverbs: Contextual constraints and bidirectional optimization","authors":"Yu-Ching Tseng","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104007","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104007","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines homophonous ambiguity in Mandarin adverbs, particularly their ability to function as speaker-oriented, subject-oriented, and manner modifiers. The ambiguity arises when an adverb can be interpreted in multiple ways within the same sentence. In neutral contexts, these interpretations can coexist without contradiction; however, when contextual information highlights conflicts between them, sentences often become semantically incoherent. By analyzing sentence acceptability ratings and interpretation consistency provided by native Mandarin speakers, the data reveal that conflicting contextual cues lead to interpretive conflict and reduced comprehensibility. The study applies Bidirectional Optimality Theory (BiOT) to model how syntactic and semantic constraints interact to produce and interpret ambiguous adverbial structures. BiOT explains how conflicting interpretations compete and how listeners resolve ambiguity by filtering out incoherent readings. The findings suggest that Mandarin speakers rely on lexico-pragmatic association, contextual expansion, and pragmatic inference to navigate ambiguity, and that speaker-oriented adverbs play a crucial role in structuring discourse. This study contributes to linguistic theory by offering a formalized approach to Mandarin adverbial modification and ambiguity resolution, highlighting the role of context and discourse in meaning selection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 104007"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144632596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regional variation in conventional expressions: a comparative study of Mandarin in Mainland China and Taiwan 习惯用语的地域差异：中国大陆与台湾普通话的比较研究

IF 1.3 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035

Fengming Liu , Xiaoying Liles

{"title":"Regional variation in conventional expressions: a comparative study of Mandarin in Mainland China and Taiwan","authors":"Fengming Liu , Xiaoying Liles","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This exploratory study investigated regional variation in conventional expressions between two varieties of Mandarin, a pluricentric language, spoken in Mainland China and Taiwan. A timed aural-oral Discourse Completion Task was conducted, and over 9,000 oral responses were collected from 152 L1 speakers in Mainland China and Taiwan. This study adopted the Variational Pragmatics framework and conducted pragmatic analysis at three levels: speech act, pragmatic strategy, and the actional level, specifically focusing on the linguistic realizations of conventional expressions. The results showed that although conventional expressions embody high alignment in these two regions at the speech act level, regional variation was observed at the pragmatic strategy level, the actional level, and in some cases at both levels. At the pragmatic strategy level, speakers in the two regions used different semantic formulas, realized through distinct expressions, to perform the same speech act. At the actional level, while the distribution and production rates of conventional expressions were similar across the two regions, regional variation manifested in two ways: “variation across expressions” and “variation within expressions.” This study provides empirical data to the field of variational pragmatics by examining Mandarin varieties and sheds light on regional pragmatic similarities and differences between these intra-cultural varieties.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 104035"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144988251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cultural conceptualisations of karma in American, Indian, and Hong Kong varieties of English 美国、印度和香港英语中因果报应的文化概念

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104010

Yanyan Zhang , Ruoyan Cui

{"title":"Cultural conceptualisations of karma in American, Indian, and Hong Kong varieties of English","authors":"Yanyan Zhang , Ruoyan Cui","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>Karma</span> is commonly understood as the belief that morally relevant actions lead to proportionate consequences. By adopting a corpus-based approach, this study examines cultural conceptualisations of <span>karma</span> in American, Indian, and Hong Kong varieties of English from the perspective of Cultural Linguistics. It has been found that cultural schemas of <span>karma</span> mainly involve four themes: <span>creation</span>, <span>operation</span>, <span>effect,</span> and <span>transformation/removal</span>. In American English, <span>karma</span> typically arises from bad secular actions, results in negative secular outcomes, and is transformed or removed through secular practices. In contrast, in Indian and Hong Kong Englishes, <span>karma</span> often links spiritual actions to commensurate outcomes, operates through reincarnation, and is addressed through dharmic practices. Cultural metaphors of <span>karma</span> conceptualise it in both non-agentive and agentive terms. While non-agentive metaphors conceptualise <span>karma</span> in terms of <span>causation</span>, <span>accounting</span>, <span>journey,</span> and <span>contagion</span>, demonstrating cross-varietal similarities and differences, the agentive metaphor – <span>karma is a supernatural agent</span> <span>–</span> is almost exclusively found in American English. A diagram has been proposed to illustrate the interrelationships among the cultural schemas and metaphors of <span>karma</span>, highlighting its multifaceted, procedural, and dynamic nature. This study demonstrates the viability of a cultural-linguistic approach to studying English varieties by focusing on a specific cultural concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"325 ","pages":"Article 104010"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Examining the role of relational competition and English proficiency in noun-noun compound recognition among Chinese EFL learners 关系竞争和英语水平在中国英语学习者名词-名词复合识别中的作用

IF 1.3 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-10-01 Epub Date: 2025-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104023

Gong Cheng , Hai Xu , Xian Zhang

{"title":"Examining the role of relational competition and English proficiency in noun-noun compound recognition among Chinese EFL learners","authors":"Gong Cheng , Hai Xu , Xian Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104023","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.104023","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent findings on English L1 speakers’ visual recognition of noun-noun compounds suggest that competitive mechanisms are triggered by potential conceptual relations associated with these compounds. While relation-based semantic composition in compound processing has been found in English L2 speakers (specifically Chinese speakers), the role of relational competition remains unclear. This study employed a lexical decision task manipulating word type and relational competition to examine the processing of noun-noun compounds among 60 Chinese EFL learners at intermediate and advanced proficiency levels. Results indicate that processing speed was influenced by the conceptual relations involved in compound processing. Moreover, processing speed was closely linked to the degree of relational competition, with stronger competition leading to longer response times. In addition, English proficiency significantly influenced processing efficiency, as higher-proficiency learners responded more quickly. Furthermore, qualitative differences between the two proficiency groups emerged when both relational competition and compound frequency were considered.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"326 ","pages":"Article 104023"},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144827038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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