IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-06-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103978

Peter Collins , Bernd Kortmann

{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue: Non-standard morphosyntactic variation in L2 Englishes world-wide: corpus-based studies","authors":"Peter Collins , Bernd Kortmann","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103978","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103978","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Over the last few decades, a good deal of empirical research has been conducted on the distribution in the English-speaking world of morphosyntactic features considered to be non-standard (in the sense of not being part of the common core of standard written English). Insights have been achieved using elicitation methods (interviews and questionnaires), dialect corpora and open-access online atlases. There is, however, a dearth of large-scale corpus-based research, one that the present special issue seeks to address, with contributors drawing data from corpora – mainly derived from recordings of spoken English, and in some cases recently-compiled – representing mostly “New Englishes” (indigenised national L2 varieties, spoken in “outer circle” countries where English is established as an important language, even though it is not the native language of the majority of the population). Most contributions adopt a macro approach, investigating a set of features in a wide range of L2 English varieties, but some adopt a micro approach, zeroing in on a single feature or a small number of features.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 103978"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144204656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Italian verbal groups: A systemic functional perspective 意大利语语言群：系统功能视角

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-06-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103963

Lorenzo Logi , James R. Martin

引用次数: 0

Syntax, scope, and semantic identity: a genuine-sluicing approach to multiple sluicing in Mandarin Chinese 句法、范围与语义同一性：普通话多重分流的真分流方法

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103961

Tianyu Zhao, Ye Yuan

{"title":"Syntax, scope, and semantic identity: a genuine-sluicing approach to multiple sluicing in Mandarin Chinese","authors":"Tianyu Zhao, Ye Yuan","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103961","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103961","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper investigates multiple sluicing in Mandarin Chinese (MC), proposing a syntactic analysis that integrates <em>wh</em>-movement and TP deletion within a dual-probe system for <em>wh</em>-fronting. We argue that <em>wh</em>-probing in MC sluicing is sensitive to two kinds of features—[+topic] and [+focus]—of TopP and FocP in the left periphery of CP. Complex <em>wh</em>-phrases are privileged in movement due to their additional [+topic] feature, distinguishing them from bare <em>wh</em>-phrases. This dual-feature analysis is demonstrated to provide a unified account of the intricate distribution of <em>shi</em> in MC sluicing: <em>shi</em> is obligatory before bare <em>wh</em>-arguments but optional with complex <em>wh</em>-phrases. We further examine two asymmetric cases of pair-list (PL) multiple sluicing. To explain how different scope interpretations capture PL readings in multiple sluicing, we adopt a semantic approach based on implicit Question under Discussion (QuD)-equivalence. Finally, we address the unacceptability of PL multiple sluicing in <em>wh-</em>questions containing universal quantifiers. We attribute this to the costly process of super quantifier raising, required to ensure that the quantifier phrase takes a wider scope. The findings suggest that MC sluicing constitutes a ‘genuine’ clausal ellipsis operation rather than a ‘pseudo’ one.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 103961"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144170678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Verbal group complexes in Norwegian 挪威语的言语群复合体

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103971

Hilde Hasselgård

引用次数: 0

How does language shape formation of concepts? Empirical investigation of generics and conditionals in French 语言如何塑造概念的形成？法语泛型句和条件句的实证研究

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103959

Joanna Blochowiak , Cristina Grisot , Emmanuel Sander

{"title":"How does language shape formation of concepts? Empirical investigation of generics and conditionals in French","authors":"Joanna Blochowiak , Cristina Grisot , Emmanuel Sander","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103959","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103959","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores how language influences concept formation, specifically how linguistic expressions signal what is central or essential to forming concepts of kinds. Prior research on preschool children suggests that generics (e.g., “Birds fly”) create strong associations between a kind and its properties, signaling essential features. To gain a deeper understanding of how language influences concept formation and its developmental trajectory, we examined two linguistic expressions—generics and conditionals—and compared them to a third type: demonstrative sentences, i.e., sentences with the pronoun <em>this</em> (e.g., “This bird flies”). We hypothesize that, beyond generics, conditionals may also act as a cue indicating that certain information is essential in concept formation. Three French-speaking groups—late adolescents, young adults, and adults—participated in an elicitation task. While Experiment 3 (adults) confirmed the importance of both generics and conditionals in concept formation, Experiments 1 and 2 (late adolescents and young adults) found no significant differences between the linguistic expressions. These results indicate that conditionals, generics, and demonstratives influence the conceptualization of kinds in a comparable way in late adolescents and young adults whereas at adulthood conditionals and generics are strongest cues for considering a given property as essential to a kind.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"324 ","pages":"Article 103959"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The typology of degree marking 学位标记的类型

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103938

Bei Zhou, Matthias Gerner

{"title":"The typology of degree marking","authors":"Bei Zhou, Matthias Gerner","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103938","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103938","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Most languages involve up to seven degree constructions in which adjectives can occur: <em>bare</em>, <em>intensified</em>, <em>mitigative</em>, <em>superlative</em>, <em>superior</em>, <em>inferior,</em> and <em>equative</em>. In a sample of 157 languages, we classify and quantify the lexical, synthetic, and analytic marking strategies of each degree construction. From this classification, we derive an implicational hierarchy (Bare < Equative < Superior < Superlative < Intensified < Inferior < Mitigative) which predicts the relative markedness of individual degree forms. If a language employs a degree form for a particular position on the hierarchy, it will also exhibit a degree form that is equally or less marked for any position ranking lower. The hierarchy is motivated by two cognitive factors: firstly, by a <em>discourse principle,</em> which rates a subject characterized by an inferior/mitigative adjectival degree as pragmatically marked since it conveys information in an atypical manner, and secondly by a <em>quantity</em> (or <em>informativeness</em>) <em>principle,</em> which tracks degree forms as quantifiers with increasingly complex profiles. Finally, we introduce two new concepts, <em>à priori</em> and <em>à posteriori</em> hierarchies, and demonstrate that the degree hierarchy is <em>à posteriori in nature</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 103938"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144139694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evidence for syntactic audience design from the production of active and passive relative clauses in Chinese 从汉语主动和被动关系从句的产生看句法受众设计的证据

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103962

Lan Tao , Johannes Gerwien

{"title":"Evidence for syntactic audience design from the production of active and passive relative clauses in Chinese","authors":"Lan Tao , Johannes Gerwien","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103962","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103962","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines audience design at the syntactic level. We report two language production experiments investigating how Mandarin Chinese speakers choose between object relative clauses (ORCs) and passive subject relative clauses (pSRCs) to refer to patients in target events. These structures differ in syntactic function assignments. The production experiments vary in whether or not speakers interact with a real listener (Experiment 1 and 2). Two factors were manipulated: (1) the number of events in the visual stimuli eliciting verbal responses, and (2) the animacy configuration of referents. Results show that speakers adjust their syntactic choices to facilitate comprehension, with effects varying by the presence of a listener. Syntactic adaptations also increase production difficulty to some extent. A third experiment complements the findings with a language comprehension study using the visual world paradigm. The target responses from Experiments 1 and 2 served as the linguistic structures from which auditory stimuli were produced. Results reveal that the structure speakers avoided to produce under certain conditions (pSRCs with two depicted events) hindered comprehension, whereas the same structure improved comprehension in simpler contexts (pSRCs with one event). We discuss the findings with reference to different language production models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 103962"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144115999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nasalization reduction and grammaticalization of genre in Swiss French: a corpus-based sociophonetic study 瑞士法语体裁的鼻音化、降格化与语法化：基于语料库的社会语音研究

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-21 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103960

Delin Deng , Fenqi Wang , Ratree Wayland

引用次数: 0

Stance-taking and (inter)subjective roles of Mandarin zhende (ma/a) 普通话真德的立场与（间）主体性角色（ma/a）

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103951

Shuang He, Ling Zhou , Shaojie Zhang

{"title":"Stance-taking and (inter)subjective roles of Mandarin zhende (ma/a)","authors":"Shuang He, Ling Zhou , Shaojie Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103951","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103951","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study explores the non-interrogative functions of the newsmark <em>zhende (ma/a)</em> (‘really’) in Mandarin conversation interaction, focusing on its stance-taking and (inter)subjective roles in systematically context-sensitive ways. Drawing on spontaneous conversational data and a discourse-pragmatic approach, we identify affective, evaluative, and alignment stances associated with <em>zhende (ma/a)</em> that extend beyond its epistemic function as a reaction to unexpected information and its affective role as an expression of surprise. The nuanced stance-taking activities reveal three key manifestations of (inter)subjectivity, primarily tied to the stance object targeted: (1) a device for involvement and rapport-building responding to irrelevant information; (2) an emotionally charged stance marker when addressing relevant information; and (3) a buffering mechanism for managing awkward moments, maintaining rapport in response to assessments directed at the <em>zhende (ma/a)</em> speaker. Additionally, the syntactic position of <em>zhende (ma/a)</em> also facilitates its intersubjective impact, particularly regarding its metadiscursive function. This study highlights the nuanced interplay between stance-taking and (inter)subjectivity and underscores the importance of contextual features in interpreting the non-interrogative functions of newsmarks, offering valuable insights into stance-taking and its (inter)subjective roles in Mandarin conversation interaction and beyond.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"323 ","pages":"Article 103951"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143947566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Non-standard morphosyntactic variation in L2 English varieties world-wide: a corpus-based study 世界范围内英语二语变体的非标准形态句法变异：基于语料库的研究

IF 1.1 3区文学

Lingua Pub Date : 2025-05-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103948

Robert Fuchs , Xinyue Yao , Peter Collins , Adam Smith

{"title":"Non-standard morphosyntactic variation in L2 English varieties world-wide: a corpus-based study","authors":"Robert Fuchs , Xinyue Yao , Peter Collins , Adam Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103948","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.lingua.2025.103948","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Previous research has identified and studied a wide range of non-standard syntactic constructions in global varieties of English. However, there is currently a lack of large-scale corpus-based evidence on non-standard syntactic variation in English from a global perspective. The present study seeks to fill this gap through an analysis of a set of syntactic constructions across the fourteen L2 and six L1 varieties of English included in the <em>Corpus of Global Web-based English</em>, totalling 1.9 billion words. We conceptualise non-standard features as lying outside the “core” of the language that represents the object of description in English grammars, including those that might be regarded as “colloquial” or “vernacular”, such as <em>there</em>-existentials with singular agreement. The methodological approach is onomasiological, modelled on the alternation between non-standard features and corresponding standard forms. Across 28 morphosyntactic features drawn from eWAVE 3.0, a total of 289,827 non-standard and more than 37 million standard occurrences were analysed in a logistic mixed effects regression model. Register variation was accounted for by means of a co-variate for involved discourse following Biber’s Multidimensional Analysis. Results indicate a relatively low degree of non-standardness across both L1 and L2 varieties. The register dimension of involved discourse is the most important variable governing non-standard variation, followed by differences between world regions. These results were further confirmed by a hierarchical clustering model and a multidimensional scaling analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47955,"journal":{"name":"Lingua","volume":"322 ","pages":"Article 103948"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143937320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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