{"title":"Beyond tokenism: Breaking the men's circle for gender equality at male-dominated jobs","authors":"Mustafa Kocanci , Beyhan Aksoy , Mete Kaan Namal","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In Türkiye, various efforts are being undertaken by public, private sector, and civil society initiatives to ensure gender equality in the workplace. However, significant steps remain to achieve full equality between women and men. This study aims to understand the impacts of organizational gender equality efforts on employees. To achieve this, it examines a project implemented to increase women's employment in male-dominated professions and evaluates the outcomes generated by this initiative. In the study, participants were selected using a purposive sampling method, comprising women working in male-dominated occupations and operating heavy machinery, and focus group interviews were conducted. The data were subjected to constant comparative and content analysis. In the study, 133 expressions were grouped under 13 different codes, and these codes were evaluated under the themes of gender equalities, conflicts and organizational issues, and women's specific struggles. According to the research findings, the current situation of women employed to increase the proportion of women in male-dominated jobs within the scope of the organization's gender equality policies is explained by the phenomenon of tokenism. Furthermore, it was observed that participants experienced gender inequalities shaped by the traditional gender roles and attitudes of managers and male colleagues. These inequalities arise from insufficient regulation of key processes like training, promotion, and resource allocation, exacerbating women's workplace struggles. These organizational deficiencies are reinforced by sexist attitudes and manifest as a solidarity pattern among men, which we conceptualize in this study as the “men's circle,” exhibiting a high tendency towards normalization. In the conclusion, individual, organizational, and socio-cultural ways of breaking the men's circle that fosters tokenism are discussed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738360","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Family mediation: A critical tool for enhancing women's access to justice in turkish family law","authors":"Büşra Gülşah Akbaba","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103091","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103091","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The inability of the legal system to respond to expectations due to the increase in legal demands and the diversity of legal issues is only one of the social developments that reveal the movement of family justice. Examining this framework can clarify how it addresses systemic limitations and provides a comprehensive approach for families seeking resolution. This qualitative study investigates the potential of family mediation to improve women's access to family justice in Turkey. Given the lack of legal framework and the limited social acceptance of mediation in Turkish society, this research utilises in-depth interviews with 10 participants to explore the experiences and perspectives of women who have engaged in family mediation. A pivotal aspect of this research involves a thorough analysis of the Turkish family court system, specifically on women's barriers to seeking justice in family-related disputes. The objective is to identify specific practices and procedures from family mediation that could be adapted or modified to enhance women's experiences and access to justice within the Turkish context.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103091"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Silenced online: Women's experiences of digital harassment in Pakistan","authors":"Rabia Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Digital harassment of women in Pakistan has emerged as a significant social and legal issue, with far-reaching implications for women's participation in online spaces and their overall well-being. This paper explores the prevalence, nature, and impact of digital harassment against women in Pakistan, examining the various forms it takes, including online stalking, threats, abuse, hate speech, and non-consensual sharing of intimate images and videos. The data for this paper is drawn from qualitative face to face in-depth interviews with 14 women and responses of 42 women who filled an online Google survey form. Thematic analysis was employed to interpret the data. The participants experienced significant negative emotional impacts from online harassment, including anxiety, stress, depression, self-blame, fear, guilt, embarrassment, regret, and sleep disturbances. The cultural norms and legal inadequacies make it difficult for survivors to report cases of digital harassment and to seek justice. Hence, along with legal reforms, awareness campaigns and technological interventions are needed to address the issue. By understanding the complexities of digital harassment against women in Pakistan, this research aims to inform policy development and it advocates for effective measures to protect women's rights and ensure their safe participation in the digital sphere.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gender dynamics and segregation politics in Garo matrilineal society","authors":"Silba R. Marak , Dwijen Sharma","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103093","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103093","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a counter to patriarchal culture, matrilineal societies are considered women-oriented. The matrilineal society of the Garos is one such exception where women are considered enjoying equality with men.This paper explores gender relations in the matrilineal society of the Garos and examines whether women in Garo matrilineal society share equality with men holding power and agency in the social life. A close reading of kinship ties, social systems and property ownership show that it is men rather than women who hold the upper position in all matters. Gender segregation, exclusion, and practice of spatial arrangements in the Garo society also work against the interest of women.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103093"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143738357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Contesting religious authority in response to government regulations on the prevention and handling of campus sexual violence (CSV) in Indonesia","authors":"Dzuriyatun Toyibah , Irma Riyani","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103085","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103085","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>According to the Ministry of Education and Culture (MoEC) Indonesia is currently in a ‘state of emergency’ on the issue of Campus Sexual Violence (CSV). The Ministry recently issued a decree, Permendikbud 30/2021, to eliminate CSV. The decree has received various responses, both positive and negative. Scholars have begun to discuss CSV and the role of religious authorities or people/institutions who speak on behalf of Islam in Indonesia to address the issue. This article discusses the contestation between the conservative and female <em>ulama</em> (religious scholars), their rejection and acceptance responses, as well as demands that the decree be revised. Additionally, it discusses how female <em>ulama</em> have responded to the decree. Female <em>ulama</em> are challenging both the liberal label and stigma and the victimization approach that has led to the acceptance of sexual violence crimes. Applying a virtual ethnography, this article examines current newspaper articles and reports and social media statuses and comments which discuss the decree and cases of CSV in the period between November to December 2021. It argues that female <em>ulama</em> have become a new source of religious authority to challenge and contest male bias in religious interpretation on the prevention and handling of CSV.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103085"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143725715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cross-cultural challenges of international Women students in navigating harassment and gendered norms","authors":"Bipasha Das, Satyam Verma, Alok Gardia, Deepa Mehta","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103094","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103094","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The study reported here comprises case studies of five South and southeast Asian women students studying in a central university in northern India who were interviewed purposefully to explore their individual experiences of sexual harassment and discrimination due to different gendered norms. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory was used to develop research questions investigating how social norms, interactions, and cultural contexts influence their experiences. The findings revealed that women students' racial identity and gender intersect and make those students more vulnerable to sexual harassment, as Asian women were found to be more prone to sexual harassment. In contrast, dark-skinned students are discriminated against and face harassment and ill-treatment for their dark skin. However, all students have similar issues in the context of different gendered norms. Participants expressed that living in a male-dominated society often restricts them and subjects them to rigid gender-specific expectations, limiting their ability to integrate socially or advocate for their rights.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103094"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143714820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hard numbers and “velvet triangles”: Mobilising statistics for the ILO Convention on Domestic Work","authors":"Liberty Chee","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103086","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103086","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>After nearly half a century, domestic workers were again tabled on the agenda of the International Labour Conference in 2008. Three short years later, Conference delegates voted to establish the International Labour Organization's Convention on Domestic Work (C189). This article builds on the insight that the campaign to push for C189 was taken up by a feminist “velvet triangle”. These networks are usually comprised of women in social movements, femocrats, and academics. The informality of these alliances is due, in part, to the gendered marginality of an issue area, allowing for improvisation and agile coalitions. The article traces the origins of this triangle to bottom-up calls to develop measurement methodologies to make women's labour “visible” in the UN Conferences on Women, and later in discussions about informality, and domestic work. It then examines the relations among femocrats in various international institutions, academics, and the global trade unions in the co-production of knowledge about women's activities that were not counted and did not count in the “economy”. The article demonstrates how the demand for the valorisation of cooking, cleaning and caring, expressed itself through calls for the production of statistics. It attends to the under-explored effects of the “power of cognitive resources” in the literature. Finally, the article shows that the explicitly political project of the women's movements yielded not only a normative labour instrument, but advances in different fields of study. This case shows that the production of scientific knowledge, while still an overwhelmingly elite endeavour, need not always cater to elite demands.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103086"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143704811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The annual struggle for equality: Analysis of Aurat March coverage in Pakistan's English print media (2018–2024)","authors":"Muhammad Awais , Farahat Ali","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The Aurat March, launched in 2018, has become a focal point for advocating gender equality and women's rights in Pakistan, while also sparking polarized media and public discourses. This study analyzes the framing of the Aurat March in eight leading English-language newspapers using computational text analysis techniques. Data collected from the Nexis Uni database (2018–2024) underwent preprocessing to standardize text for analysis. Sentiment analysis revealed emotional narratives, with trust emerging as the most prominent emotion across the coverage, followed by anticipation, while fear, anger, and disgust were less prevalent. Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) identified five central themes. Using BERTopic, the top terms in each theme were utilized to contextualize and categorize the news content into those five themes: Activism and March Demands (63.3 %), Gender Equality and Rights (21.7 %), Legal and Political Dynamics (10.7%), Social and Media Narratives (3.5 %), and Public Reactions and Perceptions (0.8 %). Co-occurrence analysis highlighted the interplay between Aurat March and supportive and backlash terms. The study explores how media coverage of the Aurat March navigates themes of power, resistance, and gendered activism while shaping public discourse on feminist movements, providing a replicable framework for analyzing large-scale textual data in contested sociopolitical contexts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"New frontiers of parenthood: Sperm smuggling, IVF, and gender roles in Palestine","authors":"Bilal Hamamra , Asala Mayaleh , Ilan Pappé","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article engages with the public discourse surrounding sperm smuggling in Palestine to analyze the social, political and ethical implications of this novel practice in contemporary Palestine and the emergence of gender scenarios that undermine the Palestinian construction of gender roles. Sperm smuggling, which enables Palestinian prisoners to crown their masculinity and manhood, undermines the Israeli carceral and surveillance systems that attempt to castrate Palestinian security prisoners biologically and politically. Sperm smuggling and in-vitro fertilization enable wives of Palestinian prisoners to take the masculine roles of the active speaking and writing subjects who publicize their stories and those of their imprisoned husbands. Furthermore, sperm smuggling enables marriage by proxy and gives an opportunity to single women to construct family and conceive children. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the controversy surrounding sperm smuggling and the suspicion raised by Israelis and Arabs on this practice through the discussion of the film <em>Amira.</em></div></div>","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Transgression and its costs","authors":"Ben Kasstan-Dabush , Sheelagh McGuinness","doi":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.wsif.2025.103087","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47940,"journal":{"name":"Womens Studies International Forum","volume":"110 ","pages":"Article 103087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143685877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}