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Conspiracies and Algorithms: How Reddit’s Conspiracy Community Perceives Algorithm-Driven Social Automation 阴谋和算法:Reddit的阴谋社区如何看待算法驱动的社会自动化
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-07-04 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261458615
Muyang Li
{"title":"Conspiracies and Algorithms: How Reddit’s Conspiracy Community Perceives Algorithm-Driven Social Automation","authors":"Muyang Li","doi":"10.1177/20563051261458615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261458615","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how conspiracy communities on Reddit perceive and critique algorithms, emphasizing the need to integrate individual and socially centered approaches to understand algorithm-driven social automation more broadly. As algorithms increasingly influence decisions across public and private sectors, concerns about transparency, social control, and manipulation have grown. Despite policy and technical interventions aimed at addressing algorithmic harms, public skepticism and conspiracy theories remain widespread. Through a mixed-methods analysis of 10,087 threads, this study finds that conspiracy communities share public concerns such as information integrity and surveillance. However, certain perceptions of algorithms are particularly associated with engagement in conspiratorial thinking. Specifically, perceptions focused on speculative impacts and hidden motivations, such as suspicions of mass surveillance or financial manipulation, are especially likely to be associated with conspiracy theories. In addition, viewing algorithms as symbols of pervasive social automation is more strongly associated with conspiratorial narratives, whereas technical views are less so. Experience with specific algorithms does not straightforwardly correspond to lower conspiracy engagement; rather, interpretations and social framing play a more important role. The findings underscore the importance of viewing algorithmic perceptions, critiques, and resistances within broader social, cultural, and political contexts, showing that algorithmic harm involves technical harms, structural and institutional harms, and perceived harms shaped by user interpretation. The findings suggest that effective algorithmic governance must go beyond individual literacy training and technical fixes, while also addressing the broader institutional and political conditions that sustain distrust.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148379667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Scrolling for the Truth: Source Factors, Persuasion, and a Test of Misinformation Interventions on TikTok 滚动寻找真相:来源因素、说服和对TikTok上错误信息干预的测试
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261487526
Brittany N. Shivers Weinstein, Bartosz W. Wojdynski
{"title":"Scrolling for the Truth: Source Factors, Persuasion, and a Test of Misinformation Interventions on TikTok","authors":"Brittany N. Shivers Weinstein, Bartosz W. Wojdynski","doi":"10.1177/20563051261487526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261487526","url":null,"abstract":"The popularity of the video-based social media platform TikTok has rapidly grown in recent years, and with it its role in rapidly disseminating misinformation to its relatively young user base. However, little is known to date about how users perceive misinformation or about how platform interventions could be deployed to stop its spread. Two experiments examined users’ perceptions of TikTok videos making claims about a current health issue (monkeypox). Study 1 tested the impact of information type (true vs. false) and source (journalist vs. influencer) on users’ perceptions of TikTok videos, with party identification as a moderator. Participants rated message credibility and source quality higher for true videos and videos with a journalistic source. Study 2 tested the efficacy of three potential misinformation interventions (a banner label, pre-roll video, and click-through warning) and the role of psychological reactance. There was a main effect of the banner label and public service announcement pre-roll video on perceived message credibility. The interventions had no main effect on source quality, but there was a mediation of the PSA pre-roll and banner label on credibility and quality perceptions through reactance. In both studies, participants had difficulty discerning between true and false claims. Implications for journalists and social media companies are discussed, along with suggestions for future research.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"198 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Like Walking a Tightrope: User-Centric Perspectives on Content in Need of Moderation 就像走钢索:以用户为中心的内容视角需要适度
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261479963
Anna Maria Planitzer, Svenja Schäfer, Pia Pachinger, Sophie Lecheler
{"title":"Like Walking a Tightrope: User-Centric Perspectives on Content in Need of Moderation","authors":"Anna Maria Planitzer, Svenja Schäfer, Pia Pachinger, Sophie Lecheler","doi":"10.1177/20563051261479963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261479963","url":null,"abstract":"Norm-violating content on social media platforms is on the rise, fueling prejudice and polarization. To counter such developments in a timely manner, platforms rely on automated content moderation. The issue, however, is that current understandings of automated moderation are mostly elite-driven, neglecting individual user perspectives, introducing biases and discrimination, and overlooking that users’ perspectives on what constitutes a norm violation in the first place may differ substantially from those of experts and platforms. Therefore, this study uses focus groups to explore what type of content users themselves think is in need of moderation. Findings suggest that users, while acknowledging the importance of moderating polarized topics (e.g., migration) and uncivil discourse styles (e.g., insults), are more concerned with the motivations of perpetrators and the vulnerability of targets. Our findings show that, if platforms want to incorporate user perspectives when designing automated moderation systems, they must move beyond merely detecting problematic message characteristics and focus on more tailored approaches, alongside accountability measures for perpetrators and safety measures for victims.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149123626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Affective Authority: Understanding Health and Wellness Influence on Social Media 情感权威:理解健康和健康对社交媒体的影响
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261487534
Deanna Holroyd, Mariah L. Wellman
{"title":"Affective Authority: Understanding Health and Wellness Influence on Social Media","authors":"Deanna Holroyd, Mariah L. Wellman","doi":"10.1177/20563051261487534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261487534","url":null,"abstract":"Health and wellness content has become increasingly popular on social media. When examining why this content resonates with certain viewers, existing research often turns to concepts of authenticity, credibility, trust, expertise, and authority. In this article, we map out existing work on these concepts across an extensive body of interdisciplinary scholarship within media, communication, and cultural studies, and the anthropology of health, media, and medicine. By analyzing how these theories relate to one another, we offer synthesized definitions of them within the context of digital health content. We then make the case that this existing work too often fails to acknowledge the relationality, mediatedness, and affective qualities associated with health and wellness influencers and their content. To combat this, we offer the theoretical intervention of “affective authority,” which encourages an attunement to how affect, emotions, and feelings emerge through the production and consumption of social media content. We argue that this concept of “affective authority” better illuminates how and why wellness influencers and their content are deemed authoritative arbiters of health-related knowledge.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"197 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Wise Empathy Improves Well-Being on Instagram 明智的同理心可以提高Instagram用户的幸福感
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261487089
Gregory John Depow, Christopher Oveis, Emily Zohar, Michael Inzlicht
{"title":"Wise Empathy Improves Well-Being on Instagram","authors":"Gregory John Depow, Christopher Oveis, Emily Zohar, Michael Inzlicht","doi":"10.1177/20563051261487089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261487089","url":null,"abstract":"Two-thirds of the global population spends significant time browsing social media, making it critical to understand how to improve online experiences to support well-being. Social media use is often linked to both positive and negative psychological outcomes, but interventions to enhance well-being during social media use remain limited. Here, we test whether an intervention embedded in daily life that trains individuals to use wise empathy on Instagram can improve users’ well-being. Drawing from strategic regulation of empathy and wisdom, we used an ecological momentary intervention to train half our sample ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> = 260) to wisely regulate empathy for positive and negative emotions on their own Instagram feeds. Using experience sampling ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> <jats:sub>obs</jats:sub> . = 5,902), we tracked empathy and well-being in daily life. The intervention increased wise empathy online – boosting appreciative joy, positive emotion sharing and compassion for negative emotions – while reducing negative emotion sharing, upward social comparisons and personal distress. On surveys where participants had recently browsed Instagram, those in the wise empathy condition reported higher well-being than controls, an effect mediated by changes in wise empathy. These findings position wise empathy as a scalable, trainable skill that can enhance well-being on social media by helping users engage more adaptively with emotional content. This work extends our understanding of how empathy predicts well-being and elucidates the relationship between social media use and well-being, with broad societal implications for our increasingly digital society.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149124059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Performing Identity: Repetition, Emoji, and Candidate Indicators of Amplified Visibility in Jordanian–Palestinian Facebook Discourse 表演身份:重复、表情符号和约旦-巴勒斯坦Facebook话语中放大可见性的候选指标
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-06-15 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261454774
Alaeddin A. Banikalef, Mohammad Issa Mehawesh
{"title":"Performing Identity: Repetition, Emoji, and Candidate Indicators of Amplified Visibility in Jordanian–Palestinian Facebook Discourse","authors":"Alaeddin A. Banikalef, Mohammad Issa Mehawesh","doi":"10.1177/20563051261454774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261454774","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines how Arabic Facebook comments shape political tensions between Jordanians and Palestinians. The corpus contains 800 public comments collected from public Facebook pages focused on Jordanian–Palestinian affairs between January and July 2025. Methods combine immersive digital ethnography with systematic netnographic coding and a reproducible coordination–detection protocol applied at three scales: micro (linguistic strategies), meso (semiotic affordances), and macro (temporal and network patterns). The results show that dialectal markers, religious formulae, emojis, short slogans, and threaded replies interact to produce strong identity signaling and affective circulation. A subset of items displays heuristic markers associated with amplified visibility, such as exact-text repetition, clustered timestamps, repeated links, and low-engagement account profiles. These markers are presented as candidate indicators of amplification, not as proof of centralized orchestration. This study provides open detection scripts and appendix materials for human adjudication and follow-up network analyses. Findings point to low-cost interventions, such as prompts before verbatim reposting and triage workflows for flagged clusters, and to the need for cross-platform tracing and bot analyses to confirm provenance.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preventing Radicalisation, or Forcing Ideological Consent? Crises, Uncertainty Reduction and Collective Identity Negotiation in Collaborative Communities of Online Third Spaces 防止激进化,还是强迫意识形态认同?网络第三空间协作社区的危机、不确定性减少与集体身份协商
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-06-06 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261449018
Lenka Vochocová, Jana Rosenfeldová
{"title":"Preventing Radicalisation, or Forcing Ideological Consent? Crises, Uncertainty Reduction and Collective Identity Negotiation in Collaborative Communities of Online Third Spaces","authors":"Lenka Vochocová, Jana Rosenfeldová","doi":"10.1177/20563051261449018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261449018","url":null,"abstract":"With regard to the recent accumulation of crisis events in Europe, scholars stress the potential of online spaces to reduce people’s uncertainty through collective identity formation, providing their members with emotional support and recognition. However, polarisation and radicalisation are mentioned as possible negative consequences of online community formation in crisis times. “Third spaces” are described as online forums where political talk emerges against the background of the primary purpose of the environment – exchanging ideas or goods and mutual support. Our article explores how the “purpose-based” collective identity of the participants of a parenting forum, a typical “third space,” is challenged with their potentially conflicting political identities in the context of strongly polarising issues such as the COVID-19 pandemic and the Russian-Ukrainian conflict. A qualitative analysis of nearly 2,500 contributions confirms that, to a certain extent, a third space constitutes an environment of cooperation and support even during major societal crises and provides space to negotiate conflicting ideological identities. However, broader societal polarisation is reflected in the forum which clearly sets boundaries to diversity, strictly excluding opinions considered extreme or unacceptable by the majority. Proponents of minority opinions are thus pushed to the margins, where they may radicalise.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"601 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Normative White Internet Practices: Performances at the Edge of a Digital Black Community 规范的白人互联网实践:在数字黑人社区边缘的表演
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261452021
William R. Frey
{"title":"Normative White Internet Practices: Performances at the Edge of a Digital Black Community","authors":"William R. Frey","doi":"10.1177/20563051261452021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261452021","url":null,"abstract":"Following the murder of George Floyd, more than 2,000 White-identifying Reddit users applied to the subreddit, r/BlackPeopleTwitter, in hopes of becoming verified allies. Prior research has argued that White people may seek out digital contexts to learn about and practice race. However, few studies examine why, and none problematize the relationship between normative internet practices and Whiteness—normative White internet practices. In collaboration with r/BlackPeopleTwitter moderators and rooted in a theoretical orientation of race as doings, this ethnographic and qualitative case study aimed to document examples of normative White internet practices through a focus on the performances of White users seeking allyship at the edge of a digital Black community. The study analysis focuses on 3,219 White ally applications sent in the year surrounding George Floyd’s murder—when and where normative Whiteness was actively and openly contested. The findings begin to articulate a repertoire of normative White internet practices as White-identifying users engaged in information seeking, self-differentiation, impression management, and spatial negotiation to center individualistic projects rooted in Whiteness even when obscured as care for others. These unsolicited and normative practices took on distinct capacities for harm when sent to r/BlackPeopleTwitter moderators. Online racism may persist due to more subtle and normalized forms of racialized harm that do not trigger platformed or moderator interventions. As scholars continue to study racism on social media, there remains a need to partner with online communities to name and organize against digital harms enacted through normative White internet practices.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Structured Absence 结构化的缺席
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-06-03 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261452539
Alondra Nelson
{"title":"Structured Absence","authors":"Alondra Nelson","doi":"10.1177/20563051261452539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261452539","url":null,"abstract":"This essay argues that while generative artificial intelligence (AI) can be described as a platform, that description is analytically insufficient for understanding where power operates and how it displaces democratic accountability. The platform concept directs attention to the interface—application programming interfaces (APIs), app stores, and developer ecosystems—while the decisive conditions of generative AI lie upstream in compute supply chains, mineral extraction, semiconductor chokepoints, energy and water infrastructures, immigration flows, and corporate-state arrangements that concentrate control. To name this formation, I introduce the concept of structured absence: the organized diminution of democratic institutional capacity in which governance persists while public authorization disappears. Generative AI is not ungoverned; it is extensively governed through export controls, industrial policy, labor regimes, and private infrastructures that remain largely inaccessible to democratic publics. I argue that “predatory inclusion” and authorization are central analytic terms for understanding this shift: communities are incorporated into AI systems on unequal and opaque terms, while the standing to deliberate over those systems is withheld. The essay concludes by calling for democratic infrastructures capable of authorizing technological change.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
We Are Equally Vulnerable? An Examination of the Third-Person Effect in AI-Generated Misinformation 我们同样脆弱?人工智能产生的错误信息中的第三人效应研究
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-06-02 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261452019
Baoying Fu, Xueqing Li
{"title":"We Are Equally Vulnerable? An Examination of the Third-Person Effect in AI-Generated Misinformation","authors":"Baoying Fu, Xueqing Li","doi":"10.1177/20563051261452019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261452019","url":null,"abstract":"Misinformation is a pervasive problem in the social media era, undermining social trust, while the emergence of AI-generated misinformation further exacerbates this issue and threatens social order. This study employs the third-person effect as a theoretical framework and collected 726 questionnaire responses to examine individuals’ perceptions of AI-generated misinformation. When exploring the relationships among misinformation exposure, social undesirability, perceived realism, and AI literacy with respect to perceived effects on oneself and on others, individuals recognize that they themselves are also easily influenced by AI-generated misinformation. Furthermore, perceived effects on oneself and others are positively correlated with corrective actions, while no significant relationship is observed with restrictive actions, thus providing suggestions for individual involvement in combating AI-generated misinformation.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"72 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148286500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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