{"title":"Politicization of Government Social Media Communication: A Linguistic Framework and Case Study","authors":"Nic DePaula, Sten Hansson","doi":"10.1177/20563051251333486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251333486","url":null,"abstract":"Social media communication of government agencies should ideally be truthful and impartial to sustain public trust in government and support democratic goals. However, the politicization of agencies may harm the benefits that impartial and engaged communication brings. In this study, we provide a linguistic framework for analyzing how agency politicization is reflected in the language of government social media communication by asking: How does the agency (1) use speech acts (e.g., commands, requests), (2) talk about itself and others, (3) refer to statistical and scientific information, and (4) express positive and negative sentiment? We demonstrate the application of the framework by conducting a case study of the United States Environmental Protection Agency’s messaging on Twitter across administrations with distinct ideological alignments between the agency and its top administrator. The analysis shows that (1) requests and statistical information were used substantially more under the administrator more aligned with the agency mission; (2) expressive speech acts were used more often during the administration less aligned with the agency mission; and (3) posts were generally positive but more so under the administration less aligned with the agency mission, possibly to counteract increased public criticism. We discuss the results in relation to theories of politicization and government communication, and the implications for citizens and public sector communicators using social media sites.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143893472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"(Lack of) Patterns in Commitment: Data Protection in the Latin America and Caribbean Personal Data Protection Laws","authors":"Elías Chavarría-Mora","doi":"10.1177/20563051251337206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251337206","url":null,"abstract":"What are the data protection policies in the Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) region? The developments over the last two decades on massive data collection, as well as the developments in computational power and data science methods appropriate for extracting insights from digital trace databases, have led to increased importance on the protection of the data of citizens, particularly sensitive data. In this exploratory study, I adopt an inductive thematic analysis approach to create a qualitative matrix based on the current version of the primary legislation protecting personal data for each country in the LAC region. Through a thick description of similarities and differences in the laws, I identify dimensions of variation in the commitment to data protection, such as the moment of approval, the existence of data protection agencies and their resources, the existence of registries, and the type of consent needed from citizens. A mapping of commitment to data protection does not show clear subregional patterns. Still, the adoption of data protection laws grows over time, and it appears to be in part propelled by the economic need to rise to the data protection standards of the European Union.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“The Good Years Have Passed and Will Never Come Again”: Political Functions of Nostalgic Fantasies in Incel Discussions","authors":"Emilia Lounela, Shane Murphy, Ümit Bedretdin","doi":"10.1177/20563051251332679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251332679","url":null,"abstract":"This study unpacks the implicit and explicit political functions nostalgia takes in incel discussions on the past on the incels.is forum. By combining a discourse theoretical approach with the theoretical framework of fantasy, the study demonstrates how an imagined ideal past is used to construct community and collective identity in an incel-specific, antagonistic way. Nostalgic fantasies articulated on incels.is often evoke a lost utopia, an inevitable dystopian future, and an enemy—usually women and feminism—responsible for this development. The unattainable nature of fantasy continuously feeds attachment to community and works to construct inceldom as a political identity. The study suggests that the dynamics and function of nostalgic narratives in incel discourse differ significantly from far-right nostalgia despite thematic similarities. Acknowledging this difference is crucial in understanding the political implications of nostalgia in incel online communities. This article therefore introduces the concept of <jats:italic>incel nostalgia</jats:italic> to describe the specific way the past is used to construct and justify incel ideology.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143889555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Character of Connection: Platform Affordances and Connective Democracy","authors":"Sarah Shugars, Eunbin Ha","doi":"10.1177/20563051251332427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251332427","url":null,"abstract":"While social media optimistically holds the potential to ameliorate political divides by increasing cross-cutting political talk, numerous studies suggest that social media has instead exacerbated political polarization. Yet, social media is incredibly heterogeneous and variation in platform affordances may result in markedly different democratic outcomes. In this article, we turn to the principles of connective democracy to inform a cross-topic and cross-platform analysis. Our mixed-methods study compares conversations across Twitter and Reddit, finding that Twitter conversations are highly polarized across topics while Reddit displays some promise for enabling productive, intergroup discourse. We argue that this difference is driven by an affordance of conversational visibility in which users can see and engage with conversations as a whole. We further argue that “community” is a distinctive platform affordance that emerges from shared user expectations. This affordance supports user socialization into democratic norms of productive intergroup contact and therefore may prove particularly important to enhancing connective democracy.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Axel Bruns, Kateryna Kasianenko, Vish Padinjaredath Suresh, Ehsan Dehghan, Laura Vodden
{"title":"Untangling the Furball: A Practice Mapping Approach to the Analysis of Multimodal Interactions in Social Networks","authors":"Axel Bruns, Kateryna Kasianenko, Vish Padinjaredath Suresh, Ehsan Dehghan, Laura Vodden","doi":"10.1177/20563051251331748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251331748","url":null,"abstract":"This article introduces the analytical approach of <jats:italic>practice mapping</jats:italic> , using vector embeddings of network actions and interactions to map commonalities and disjunctures in the practices of social media users, as a framework for methodological advancement beyond the limitations of conventional network analysis and visualization. In particular, the methodological framework we outline here has the potential to incorporate multiple distinct modes of interaction into a single practice map; can be further enriched with account-level attributes such as information gleaned from textual analysis, profile information, available demographic details, and other features; and can be applied even to a cross-platform analysis of communicative patterns and practices. The article presents practice mapping as an analytical framework and outlines its key methodological considerations. Given its prominence in past social media research, we draw on examples and data from the platform formerly known as Twitter to enable experienced scholars to translate their approaches to a practice mapping paradigm more easily, but point out how data from other platforms may be used in equivalent ways in practice mapping studies. We illustrate the utility of the approach by applying it to a dataset where the application of conventional network analysis and visualization approaches has produced few meaningful insights.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"261 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rita Tang, Benjamin Burnley, Leticia Bode, Emily K. Vraga
{"title":"Corrective Democracy? The Relationship Between Correction of Misinformation on Social Media and Connective Democratic Norms","authors":"Rita Tang, Benjamin Burnley, Leticia Bode, Emily K. Vraga","doi":"10.1177/20563051251335086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251335086","url":null,"abstract":"Of the many solutions to address political misinformation spreading on social media, user correction holds special promise for connective democracy given its emphasis on prioritizing user autonomy and fostering communication and connections across lines of disagreement. But for the connective democratic benefits to be realized, these user corrections should ideally come from those who express strong support for democratic norms. Using a nationally representative survey of Americans immediately after the 2020 U.S. presidential election, we find the opposite is true: self-reported correctors also tended to support political violence to achieve their goals. Rather than treating self-reported correction as a clear positive force for democracy, researchers and practitioners should consider the potential drawbacks and limitations of self-reported correction, particularly when coming from those with less supportive attitudes toward connective democracy.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143862923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Quality of Connections: Deliberative Reciprocity and Inclusive Listening as Antidote to Destructive Polarization Online","authors":"Katharina Esau","doi":"10.1177/20563051251332421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251332421","url":null,"abstract":"Conflict and disagreement are integral to healthy democracies, but the extreme polarization observed on many social media platforms poses a serious risk to the core functions of public communication. This theoretical article draws on the concept of connective democracy, further theorizing it to bridge the gap between empirical online deliberation and polarization research. It introduces and refines the concept of destructive polarization and its symptoms—manifested in user-generated content on social media platforms—and applies connective democracy theory to examine these symptoms’ underlying causes. The framework shifts from the dominant focus on the quality of individual communication acts to a focus on the quality of connections, particularly within dyadic communication. Through this relational perspective, the article explores how reciprocity and listening can serve as remedies to destructive polarization, fostering high-quality connections between citizens online. Reciprocity and listening are discussed as communicative mechanisms that should be nurtured as part of depolarization strategies. Finally, the article offers insights into what platform providers and community managers can learn from this theoretical exercise to promote democratic discourse online.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Media as a Seed of Connective Democracy in Myanmar (Burma): Freedom of Speech, Contractarianism, and Strategic Use of Social Media","authors":"Do Kyun David Kim, Isaac Kim","doi":"10.1177/20563051251329996","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251329996","url":null,"abstract":"In the era of digital communication, social media have often been considered a bastion of freedom of speech, both at national and global levels. However, in Myanmar, the military government has imposed strict control over social media since its coup in 2021, while using them to disseminate authoritarian propaganda. Civilians who have voiced opposition against the regime have been arrested, and foreign media networks have withdrawn their operations from the country due to governmental oppression. Recognizing the oppressive political climate and its impact on freedom of speech and public discourse on social media, this study aims to achieve two objectives: (1) constructing a theoretical model of connective democracy for Myanmar by integrating the concepts of freedom of speech and contractarianism, and (2) suggesting effective strategic social media communication strategies to liberate Myanmar. These theoretical and practical approaches will contribute to constructing connective democracy not only in Myanmar but also other countries under political oppression and communication censorship.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mikkeline Thomsen, Sarah Steinitz, Morten Fischer Sivertsen, Sine N. Just
{"title":"The Digital Community Centers of the 21st Century? A Mixed-Methods Study of Facebook Groups as Fora for Connective Democracy","authors":"Mikkeline Thomsen, Sarah Steinitz, Morten Fischer Sivertsen, Sine N. Just","doi":"10.1177/20563051251329063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251329063","url":null,"abstract":"Facebook groups hold civic potential as fora for connective democracy. Exploring this claim, we offer a contribution to ongoing debates concerning the democratic value of digital communication. Through a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative mapping of approximately 9,000 Danish Facebook groups, netnographic field studies of select groups, and interviews with group moderators, we investigate the groups as “friendlier spaces” of contemporary civic behaviors. We find that the groups enact two key principles of connective democracy: recognizing common identity invites mundane citizenship and negotiating common norms establishes a training ground for political participation. To conceptualize the civic behaviors that arise in the Facebook groups, we introduce the concept of digital community centers, drawing parallels to the cultural history of Danish community centers, which became ubiquitous in the early 1900s and served as hubs for socializing and political exchange throughout the 20th century. We conclude that citizen-led Facebook groups replicate the political potential of traditional community centers, thus serving as their digital equivalents. The groups not only support connective democracy on the ground but also prepare members for formal political participation, thereby holding potential to revitalize democracy in the digital era.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143832276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Algorithmic Anthropomorphizing, Platform Gossip, and Backlashes: Aspirational Content Creators’ Narratives About YouTube’s Algorithm on Reddit","authors":"John R. Gallagher, Antonia Pecoraro Hernandez","doi":"10.1177/20563051251331761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051251331761","url":null,"abstract":"This paper examines how aspirational content creators (ACCs) on the r/NewTubers subreddit forum understand and discuss YouTube’s algorithm. This study employs thematic analysis of 144 r/NewTubers posts that explicitly mentioned algorithms. The analysis reveals four main themes: mythologizing and anthropomorphism, demystification of the algorithm, platform gossip, and community backlash. NewTubers often personify the algorithm, attributing human-like qualities and agency to it. This anthropomorphism, however, is frequently challenged by other NewTubers who emphasize the algorithm’s technical nature and the importance of content quality. These narratives highlight the formation of public, non-institutional algorithmic literacies among ACCs as they negotiate the opaque world of platform algorithms.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"183 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143822727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}