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Understanding Engagement With Platform Safety Technology for Reducing Exposure to Online Harms 了解平台安全技术对减少网络危害的作用
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-24 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261431383
Jonathan Bright, Florence E. Enock, Pica Johansson, Francesca Stevens, Helen Z. Margetts
{"title":"Understanding Engagement With Platform Safety Technology for Reducing Exposure to Online Harms","authors":"Jonathan Bright, Florence E. Enock, Pica Johansson, Francesca Stevens, Helen Z. Margetts","doi":"10.1177/20563051261431383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261431383","url":null,"abstract":"User-facing ‘platform safety technology’ encompasses an array of tools offered by social media platforms to help people protect themselves from harm, for example allowing people to report content or block other users. These tools are an increasingly important part of online safety; however, little is known about how users engage with them. We present findings from a nationally representative survey of UK adults examining their experiences with online harms and safety technologies. The results show that online harm is widespread: 67% of respondents report having encountered harmful content online. Among those who are aware of safety tools, over 80% have used at least one, indicating high uptake when knowledge of the tools is present. Awareness of specific tools is varied, with people more aware of ‘post hoc’ safety tools, taken in response to harm exposure (such as reporting or blocking), than preventive measures (such as altering feed algorithms). However, satisfaction with safety technologies is generally low. People who have previously seen online harms are more likely to use safety tools, implying a ‘learning the hard way’ route to engagement. Those higher in digital literacy are also more likely to use some of these tools, raising concerns about the accessibility of these technologies. In addition, women are more likely to engage in particular types of online ‘safety work’. These findings have significant implications for platform designers, regulators, researchers and policymakers seeking to create a safer and more equitable online environment.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147743976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bystanders and Reporters: Who Acts Against Illegal Online Content? 旁观者与记者：谁来对抗网络非法内容？
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261437497
Friederike Quint, Yannis Theocharis, Spyros Kosmidis, Margaret E. Roberts
{"title":"Bystanders and Reporters: Who Acts Against Illegal Online Content?","authors":"Friederike Quint, Yannis Theocharis, Spyros Kosmidis, Margaret E. Roberts","doi":"10.1177/20563051261437497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261437497","url":null,"abstract":"Harmful and illegal content on social media is widespread, but what should be taken down is widely disputed, creating ongoing challenges for resolving the tension between free speech and user safety. User reporting is a key mechanism for addressing such content, yet little is known about who reports, what motivates them, and how they compare to the general population. We study these questions using two datasets: (1) a unique survey with individuals verified to have previously reported potentially illegal content to a third-party organization in Germany and (2) a quota-based sample approximating the German population. We show that individuals who have previously reported potentially illegal content via a third-party reporting service represent a distinct, civically engaged subset of users. They tend to be older, more often men than women, highly educated, highly politically active, and markedly left-leaning. They are not politically representative of the German population and take a distinctly different position when balancing free speech and protection from harm, putting more emphasis on protecting from harm. Reporting users’ motivations appear primarily civic-minded rather than reactive, especially among those who do it frequently and those intervening on behalf of others. These insights highlight reporting as a form of digital civic participation and offer perspectives relevant for understanding political engagement online, platform governance, user agency, and trust and safety regulation.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Media in the Scam Age 诈骗时代的社交媒体
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261437922
Lana Swartz
{"title":"Social Media in the Scam Age","authors":"Lana Swartz","doi":"10.1177/20563051261437922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261437922","url":null,"abstract":"This essay examines scams as a central organizing logic of contemporary social media rather than peripheral criminal activity. Drawing on research in cryptocurrency and financial technology alongside childhood experiences in 1990s Miami, the piece argues that social media is entering a “scam age” where boundaries between legitimate and illegitimate economic activity increasingly blur and the technological and social systems that make those distinctions are being rebuilt. It calls for social media scholars to explore the work that scams—and the idea of “scams”—do in the production of social media, the future, and the future of social media.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Media Is Now Parasocial Media 社交媒体现在是副社交媒体
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261437487
danah boyd
{"title":"Social Media Is Now Parasocial Media","authors":"danah boyd","doi":"10.1177/20563051261437487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261437487","url":null,"abstract":"When practitioners used the term “social media” to describe the internet tools that emerged in the mid-aughts, they were giving a name to the kinds of platforms and protocols that allowed people to socialize with friends and communities of interest by using digital technologies. Twenty years later, users of social media are far more likely to scroll than post – and the content that they consume is often strategically produced and algorithmically curated. In this essay, I argue that the very essence of social media has changed. To more effectively interrogate what we are witnessing, we need to stop presuming that these tools are “social media” and begin recognizing that they are now “parasocial media.” Doing so raises new questions about digitally mediated sociality, not to mention the politics and governance of these platforms.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Broken Connections: Fieldnotes from the Old Internet 断裂的连接：来自旧互联网的现场记录
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261434796
Alice E. Marwick
{"title":"Broken Connections: Fieldnotes from the Old Internet","authors":"Alice E. Marwick","doi":"10.1177/20563051261434796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261434796","url":null,"abstract":"This essay reflects on the lived experience of early internet culture to interrogate what has been lost in the transition to today’s platform-dominated online environment. Drawing on autobiographical fieldnotes from the 1990s and early 2000s—Prodigy forums, IRC channels, university bulletin boards, and most centrally LiveJournal—I revisit a period when online communication fostered intimacy, community, and meaningful social ties among strangers and friends alike. LiveJournal, in particular, offered an infrastructure for sustained reciprocal writing, affective labor, and audience management that enabled deep connection and mutual support. Its social dynamics illuminate a mode of computer-mediated communication that was less commercialized, less surveilled, and more oriented toward collective meaning-making than contemporary social media. By contrast, today’s social platforms feel alienating, extractive, and hostile to vulnerability. The political economy of social media, driven by advertising, surveillance, consolidation, and algorithmic optimization, has foreclosed the kinds of small, semi-private, socially coherent spaces that once enabled genuine community formation. Rather than imagining social media as infrastructure requiring stewardship, safety, and care, the industry has prioritized virality, scale, and profit, producing environments shaped by harassment, polarization, and corporate capture. Reflecting on these shifts, the essay argues that the trajectory of social media was never inevitable. Alternative design choices and governance models might have cultivated a richer, more humane digital public sphere. If online community has a future, it will not lie in replicating legacy platforms, but in reimagining communication infrastructures that support vulnerability, reciprocity, and small-scale sociality, the qualities that once made the early internet feel like home.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"133 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Platformization of Everything: From the End of the Like Button to AI Infrastructure in Space 一切的平台化：从点赞按钮的终结到太空中的AI基础设施
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261436101
Anne Helmond
{"title":"The Platformization of Everything: From the End of the Like Button to AI Infrastructure in Space","authors":"Anne Helmond","doi":"10.1177/20563051261436101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261436101","url":null,"abstract":"A decade after the term was coined, “platformization” has evolved from describing the infrastructural expansion of platforms into other domains to capturing a broader transformation in how platforms organize (digital) life. This article traces this shift from the early social web to today’s AI-centered platform models. The retirement of Facebook’s Like button and Google’s “Suncatcher” space-based AI initiative are used as illustrative examples to demonstrate how platforms continually adapt their expansion strategies. Although the concept has been productively adopted across disciplines, its frequent conflation with the term “digitization” has led to conceptual erosion, weakening its analytical precision. To reclaim its explanatory power, this article redefines platformization as a form of platform-specific “transcoding”: a situated process whereby practices and domains are made “platform-ready.”","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Social Media has Aged, It’s Time It Got Wise 社交媒体已经老化，是时候明智起来了
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261432482
Eszter Hargittai, John Palfrey
{"title":"Social Media has Aged, It’s Time It Got Wise","authors":"Eszter Hargittai, John Palfrey","doi":"10.1177/20563051261432482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261432482","url":null,"abstract":"As social media platforms mature, their user base is simultaneously aging, with older adults now representing the fastest-growing demographic of users. Despite persistent myths contrasting “digital natives” with “clueless seniors,” empirical evidence demonstrates that socioeconomic status, rather than age, is the primary driver of digital inequality. The study, design, and regulation of social media must undergo a paradigm shift to embrace older adults as active, vital participants. Market self-regulation has failed to address critical issues like privacy and interoperability and thus deliberate government intervention is needed to ensure user autonomy and data portability. To fulfill its potential, the social media ecosystem must “wise up,” abandoning ageist tropes and recognizing older adults not as passive victims, but as capable users, valuable support sources, and essential stakeholders in technology design.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147684621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The AI Referee: How Online Interventions Shape Incivility and User Engagement in News Discussions 人工智能裁判：在线干预如何塑造新闻讨论中的不文明行为和用户参与
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-13 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261428916
Georgia Kernell, Seonhye Noh
{"title":"The AI Referee: How Online Interventions Shape Incivility and User Engagement in News Discussions","authors":"Georgia Kernell, Seonhye Noh","doi":"10.1177/20563051261428916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261428916","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to understand how online interventions shape incivility and user engagement with news comments. Using a novel dataset of over 39 million news comments on Korea’s largest online news source (Naver News), we examine changes in the share of comments that are categorized as uncivil before and after the introduction of two automated interventions aimed at flagging incivility. We trained two deep learning models to categorize comments and replicate each intervention. The findings reveal significant decreases in uncivil content following each intervention. Interestingly, we find mixed effects of the interventions on total engagement: while the number of comments and commenters decreased after the first intervention, both metrics increased after the second. Examining individual-level data reveals that the aggregate reduction in incivility cuts across all users regardless of pre-intervention incivility or commenting frequency.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147682112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
When We Think “News Will Find Me”: Relative Credibility of Social-Media Friends, Algorithms, and Editors 当我们认为“新闻会找到我”：社交媒体朋友、算法和编辑的相对可信度
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-04-03 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261434801
Mengqi Liao, Yuan Sun, Timilehin Durotoye, Homero Gil de Zúñiga, S. Shyam Sundar
{"title":"When We Think “News Will Find Me”: Relative Credibility of Social-Media Friends, Algorithms, and Editors","authors":"Mengqi Liao, Yuan Sun, Timilehin Durotoye, Homero Gil de Zúñiga, S. Shyam Sundar","doi":"10.1177/20563051261434801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261434801","url":null,"abstract":"Many individuals do not seek news, believing instead that “news will find me” (NFM), implying that they trust their social networks to keep them informed, saving them the trouble of proactively seeking news from journalistic outlets. Does this mean that they trust social media algorithms to accurately filter and recommend content that is relevant to them? Do they trust their friends to keep them informed, just like they would journalists? To answer these questions, we conducted a pre-registered between-subjects experiment ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N</jats:italic> = 244) in which users with varying levels of NFM were randomly assigned to receive news recommended by either their social media friends, news editors, or an algorithm. We discovered that while users tend to act on news recommended by an algorithm mindlessly before reading it first, the type of cognitive heuristic triggered by a news source plays an important role in shaping their trust. Specifically, individuals high on NFM tend to trust algorithms because they trigger the “machine heuristic.” They also consider social media friends and algorithms to be as authoritative as news journalists and editors (“authority heuristic”). Our results advance theoretical knowledge about why high levels of NFM predict higher trust in social media friends and algorithms.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147598588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Failure of Play 游戏的失败
IF 5.2 1区 文学
Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2026-03-31 DOI: 10.1177/20563051261433506
Miguel Sicart
{"title":"The Failure of Play","authors":"Miguel Sicart","doi":"10.1177/20563051261433506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261433506","url":null,"abstract":"In this essay, I argue that the ludification of culture should be considered as an overall failure. The effects of (digital) play in culture and society have been largely negative, a fact that game studies and media studies have only partially assumed. While there are many positive aspects to play and games in society, it may be time to rethink the importance we give to the ludic in information societies.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147578416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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