{"title":"“Turns Out My Paternal Grandmother has 16% Native Blood”: Racialized DNA, Race Destabilization, and Digital Race-(re)making on Social Media","authors":"Yukun Yang, Meredith D. Clark","doi":"10.1177/20563051261478877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261478877","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores an online phenomenon that we conceptualize as “digital race (re)-making.” In the context of genetic ancestry test discourses, we found digital race (re)-making a sequential four-stage race-making process where users (a) authenticate their previously identified racial identity, (b) destabilize the previous race by incorporating DNA test results, (c) negotiate potential conflict between their previous racial identity and the DNA-inferred race, and (d) utilize social media to affirm and contest their negotiation. Employing multi-round discourse analysis on 466 self-disclosing narratives on the subreddit r/23andMe, we explore the semiotics, strategies, and signifiers that users deployed to discursively disrupt their previously identified racial identity and to create and compose their newly constructed racial identity under the premise of genetic race. By surfacing such a new online racial formation process, we argue that digital platforms actively shape the ways race is re-constructed, re-contested, and re-configured. We also discuss how such a process repudiates the classical identity formation model and how it extends racial socialization theory to the digital enclaves, and how such self-discovery comes with emotional cost.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Social Robots and the Dialectics of Presence and Absence","authors":"Autumn Edwards, Chad Edwards, Bryan Abendschein","doi":"10.1177/20563051261479988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261479988","url":null,"abstract":"Social robots function as embodied social media, structuring interaction by simultaneously acting as social agents and mediating technologies. This study examines how 103 young adult participants engaged with zoomorphic social robots in initial encounters, revealing dialectical tensions between presence and absence, connection and disconnection, and realism and artificiality. Drawing from relational dialectics theory (RDT) and semiotics, we frame social robots within a plural communication ontology—operating both as communicative partners and as structuring media that regulate relational expectations. Findings indicate that while social robots facilitate engagement, their enacted affordances also constrain interaction, exposing the limits of artificial presence. Like social media platforms, these robots curate sociality, fostering immersion while highlighting mediation. By conceptualizing social robots as communicative infrastructures, this study advances research on human–machine communication and technological mediation, illustrating how social robots shape social connection through structured engagement and interactive constraints.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148858820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Humilitainment 2.0: Platformed Crime Entertainment and Digital Carcerality on YouTube","authors":"Krysten Stein","doi":"10.1177/20563051261474691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261474691","url":null,"abstract":"Reality-based crime television has long shaped public understandings of policing, crime, and punishment by turning law enforcement encounters into consumable spectacle. As these narratives migrate into engagement-driven platform infrastructures, where recommendation systems and interactive features reshape how policing media is packaged, encountered, and monetized, their cultural impact is reconfigured. This article examines COPSTV, the official YouTube continuation of <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">COPS</jats:italic> , as platformed crime entertainment structured for visibility and circulation. Drawing on a thematic analysis of 200 highly viewed COPSTV videos, I identify three interrelated patterns: the packaging of policing encounters for visibility through sensationalized titles, rapid escalation, and spectacle-oriented narrative sequencing; recurring representations that glorify law enforcement, individualize criminality, criminalize mental health crises, and normalize police violence; and the conversion of public humiliation into a platformed strategy of engagement. I argue that YouTube’s recommendation infrastructure may contribute to the amplification of punitive narratives by increasing the visibility of highly engaging policing content, positioning viewers for participatory judgment while crowding out structural critique. Situating COPSTV within scholarship on platform governance, media convergence, and digital carcerality, the article shows how platform dynamics render coercion and degradation highly visible, clickable, and economically self-reinforcing.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Martin J. Riedl, Benjamin D. Horne, Matthew J. A. Craig, Michael R. Kotowski, Catherine A. Luther
{"title":"Antecedents of Disclosure: What Transparency Measures Social Media Users in the United States Want From Paid Political Influencers","authors":"Martin J. Riedl, Benjamin D. Horne, Matthew J. A. Craig, Michael R. Kotowski, Catherine A. Luther","doi":"10.1177/20563051261480944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261480944","url":null,"abstract":"At the heels of the 2024 U.S. presidential election, public attention turned to the role social media influencers played in Donald J. Trump’s decisive win. In the United States, unlike influencers promoting commercial brands, political influencers – that is, social media influencers who associate themselves with political causes – are not required to disclose whether they got paid in exchange for promoting a political organization, party, or campaign. Through a survey of U.S. social media users ( <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n</jats:italic> = 906), this study explores people’s attitudes toward paid political influencer disclosure. We find that political partisanship impacts support for disclosure: being more conservative is connected to lessened support for disclosure, yet disclosure is of strong bipartisan concern regardless. Our study documents that social media users who care for authenticity – a core currency in influencer ecosystems running on parasocial relationships – also exhibit higher support for disclosure. Yet, at the same time, caveating this empirical relationship between authenticity and disclosure, we also found that those who consumed more political influencer content exhibited lower support for disclosure, pinpointing the normalization of a digital ecology replete with sponsored content. Our study has implications for the broader political communication ecology: As transparency for paid political influencer activities emerges as a topic of public concern, platforms and regulators should advance efforts that provide disclosure about paid political influencer activities to social media users.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148842864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharing the Alternative – The Role of Digital Platforms for Alternative News-Sharing Behavior","authors":"Felix Gaisbauer, Jakob Ohme","doi":"10.1177/20563051261457806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261457806","url":null,"abstract":"In a time of growing concerns over factual accuracy in the public sphere, alternative news media have emerged as a counterpoint to traditional mass media. In Germany, many online-only outlets cater to a rising audience, driven by distinct goals, standards, and funding structures compared to what they term ‘elite media’. Digital platforms are vital to their success, enabling audience growth with minimal financial investment and bypassing legacy media systems’ critique and verification mechanisms. Their reach, however, relies on followers sharing content and leveraging social media’s network effect to amplify niche information. Yet, the sharing habits of alternative news audiences remain understudied. This study uses original survey data from over 2,000 German alternative news users (collected in September 2023), exploring whether these patterns drive alternative media’s rise as a counterweight to established journalism. We investigate users’ sharing activity, their motivations for sharing news or refraining from it, and sociodemographic/ideological predictors for alternative news sharing.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148821429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ana Ines Langer, Lluis de Nadal, Eugenia Mitchelstein
{"title":"From Fringe to Power in the TikTok Age: Libertarian Ideology and Transgressive Performances in Milei’s ‘Populism Without the People’","authors":"Ana Ines Langer, Lluis de Nadal, Eugenia Mitchelstein","doi":"10.1177/20563051261463361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261463361","url":null,"abstract":"Democracies around the world are under strain from radical right populist leaders and parties, raising urgent questions about their appeal. One way to approach this is by examining what and how they communicate on social media. TikTok warrants close attention, not only as the fastest-growing platform for news and information, but also because of the wider ‘Tiktokification’ of social media and the growing importance of visual communication. Yet populist communication on TikTok has received little attention, reflecting a broader text-centric bias in the literature. Here, we trace Javier Milei’s journey from the political margins to the Argentine presidency through his communication on TikTok, a platform considered key to his electoral success. We combine content analysis of text, visual and performative dimensions and show that Milei rarely appeals to ‘the people’—striking given ‘people-centrism’ is typically considered populism’s defining feature. This is, however, consistent with his right-wing libertarian ideology, which elevates individual freedom over collective solidarity, and is fitting with TikTok’s individualised mode of consumption. Milei’s populism without ‘the people,’ as we call it, combines contempt for the State, anti-elitism and transgressive performances that, as our regression analysis reveals, generate higher engagement. These findings advance our understanding of populism beyond the Global North and for a leader celebrated by the populist radical right worldwide, with broader implications for the relationship between populism, digital media and liberal democracy.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"161 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148728712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Negotiating the Influencer Imaginary: How Everyday Professionals Construct Legitimacy on Social Media","authors":"Luciana Valerio-Alfaro, Ignacio Siles","doi":"10.1177/20563051261467817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261467817","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines how professionals in diverse fields create content on social media as part of their efforts to establish professional legitimacy. Existing scholarship has primarily focused on influencers and creators whose work relies financially on digital content production. Instead, we analyze the experiences of what we call everyday professionals: individuals who pursue full-time occupations while selectively adopting elements of the influencer “toolbox” to complement their practices. Drawing on 20 interviews conducted in Costa Rica, we show that performing legitimacy in the contemporary media environment requires professionals to increasingly grapple with the “influencer imaginary,” a framework that organizes ideas of subjectivity around notions of authenticity and commerciality. Our findings reveal that everyday professionals negotiate this imaginary in three interrelated ways: by engaging with the influencer identity itself, by reflecting on the motivations behind creating content, and by confronting the increased labor required for content production. This study highlights the normative weight of influencer culture across professional domains by extending the influencer imaginary beyond issues of subjectivity to encompass motivations and labor. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for understanding current transformations of professional legitimacy.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cristopher Cepernich, Alice Fubini, Antonio Martella
{"title":"Make Campaigns Dance Again: The Trumpdance and the Memeaesthetic Logic of TikTok","authors":"Cristopher Cepernich, Alice Fubini, Antonio Martella","doi":"10.1177/20563051261472313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261472313","url":null,"abstract":"TikTok’s mimesis-oriented affordances invite users to ‘perform’ politics through embodied, replicable templates. This article examines the Trumpdance – Donald Trump’s recurrent <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">YMCA</jats:italic> dance at campaign rallies – as a case of how offline events become a platform-native trend. Using the TikTok Research API, we collected 6799 Trumpdance-related videos posted during the final month of the 2024 U.S. presidential campaign. We extracted a stratified sample of the top 20% most-viewed videos per day and content-analyzed 1130 posts. Through Multiple Correspondence Analysis and hierarchical clustering, we identified six participation modes and modeled views and comments with negative binomial regression. Findings show that TikTok visibility concentrates on event-based remediation: clips of Trump dancing at rallies generate the highest expected views and comments, while supporter reenactments and playful appropriations circulate more narrowly. Discursive reframing and satirical remediation attract comparatively fewer views but can elicit intensive commenting, underscoring a split between algorithmic visibility and conversational engagement. We argue that ‘imitation publics’ support meaning-making and production but do not automatically translate into algorithmic visibility. Overall, the Trumpdance exemplifies what we label memeaesthetic: a communicative logic in which political performance becomes a shared aesthetic template for production and participation on TikTok.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148709597","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Scaling Down: Notes From the Laundry Room","authors":"Jeffrey Fossett","doi":"10.1177/20563051261470944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261470944","url":null,"abstract":"This essay tells the story of a personal experiment in deploying a “deliberative technology” called Polis to start a conversation about the norms of my apartment building’s shared laundry room—a small, quasi-public space ordinarily governed mostly by unspoken rules. The Polis conversation drew meaningful engagement from neighbors, who both voted on shared norms for the space and suggested concrete (and ultimately effective) ways to improve it. Reflecting on this example, I argue that beyond their familiar promise of “scaling up” deliberation, tools like Polis can also facilitate “scaling down,” making it feasible to convene conversations and build a sense of shared interest even in small-scale, everyday settings like the apartment laundry room.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Hearing My People, but Not Seeing My People”: Boundaries of Blackness on TikTok","authors":"Kylie Gaines-Herrera","doi":"10.1177/20563051261470969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261470969","url":null,"abstract":"Social media is a valuable tool that enables Black individuals to contest their racialized experiences and engage in counterpublic discourse. Importantly, this opens up cultural property and closed conversations to out-group visibility and appropriation. With this in mind, I ask: How do Black social media users engage in boundary work on TikTok? I create a typology of boundary enforcement on the platform, identifying nine video subtypes, and analyze each subtype using Critical Technocultural Discourse Analysis. The findings suggest that Black TikTok users employ various discursive strategies to maintain group boundaries. This study explores how new technologies may impact racialized experiences and identity formation.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148693395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}