Social Media + Society最新文献

The Ethics of Publicly Available Data Research: A Situated Ethics Framework for Reddit 公开数据研究的伦理:Reddit的伦理框架

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231192021

Martyna Gliniecka

{"title":"The Ethics of Publicly Available Data Research: A Situated Ethics Framework for Reddit","authors":"Martyna Gliniecka","doi":"10.1177/20563051231192021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231192021","url":null,"abstract":"Using user-generated content from open-access platforms such as Reddit for research raises ethical questions and challenges. Research projects involving publicly available data can qualify for an exemption from human research ethics review. However, when the exemption is granted, some scholars move to the data collection phase without attending further to ethical considerations. This does not always result from negligence but can be driven by the lack of coherent guidelines or limitations of procedural ethics. Despite receiving an exemption from ethics review, researchers can still engage with ethical concerns throughout the project. This article argues that a “situated ethics approach” to researching publicly available online data, which pays attention to flexibility, reflexivity, and complexity of research ethics, should be applied to projects working with data from user-led platforms—Reddit or others. Using a reflexive process and drawing iteratively on learnings, this article describes and analyses a situated ethics framework applied to a case study of doctoral research about youth health discussions on Reddit. Through a focus on three key areas: digital context, users’ views, and project specificity, the framework inspired a set of ethical questions that can assist with applying situated ethics to other studies. This paper advocates that a “situated ethics approach” to researching publicly available online data can usefully advance debates and practice in research on user-led platforms with public data, such as Reddit.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48252308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Radical Mobilization in Times of Crisis: Use and Effects of Appeals and Populist Communication Features in Telegram Channels 危机时期的激进动员:电报频道中诉求与民粹主义传播特征的运用与效果

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231186372

Pablo Jost, Leyla Dogruel

{"title":"Radical Mobilization in Times of Crisis: Use and Effects of Appeals and Populist Communication Features in Telegram Channels","authors":"Pablo Jost, Leyla Dogruel","doi":"10.1177/20563051231186372","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231186372","url":null,"abstract":"Social crisis situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic provide a fertile ground for radical actors and social movements to strengthen their radical mobilization—mainly using social media. In light of the deplatforming efforts of social media platforms that forced radical actors to establish new channels to continue their discourses and the recent crisis that opened a discursive opportunity structure, we investigate how radical actors use Telegram for mobilization. Based on a longitudinal manual content analysis of 13,371 messages from 188 German Telegram channels of the Querdenken movement, conspiracy, and far-right actors, we examine mobilization strategies (namely direct appeals and populist blame game) and their success (retransmission) between March 2020 and December 2021. We found that both offline and online appeals and the use of anti-elitism increased significantly over time. The use of direct and indirect mobilization attempts is related to the ideological background of the actors, with direct appeals being favored by the Querdenken movement. Furthermore, the results shed light on the mechanisms of radical mobilization on Telegram, showing that both direct appeals and the populist blame game are successful strategies for radical actors because they increase message retransmission.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44018669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Kids Are Online: Teen Social Media Use, Civic Engagement, and Affective Polarization 孩子们在线：青少年社交媒体的使用、公民参与和情感两极分化

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231186364

Ayla Oden, Lance Porter

引用次数: 0

The Hidden History of the Like Button: From Decentralized Data to Semantic Enclosure 相似按钮的隐藏历史：从去中心化数据到语义封闭

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231195542

H. Halpin

引用次数: 0

From Community Governance to Customer Service and Back Again: Re-Examining Pre-Web Models of Online Governance to Address Platforms’ Crisis of Legitimacy 从社区治理到客户服务再回头：重新审视网络前的在线治理模式以应对平台的合法性危机

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231196864

Ethan Zuckerman, Chand Rajendra-Nicolucci

{"title":"From Community Governance to Customer Service and Back Again: Re-Examining Pre-Web Models of Online Governance to Address Platforms’ Crisis of Legitimacy","authors":"Ethan Zuckerman, Chand Rajendra-Nicolucci","doi":"10.1177/20563051231196864","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231196864","url":null,"abstract":"As online platforms grow, they find themselves increasingly trying to balance two competing priorities: individual rights and public health. This has coincided with the professionalization of platforms’ trust and safety operations—what we call the “customer service” model of online governance. As professional trust and safety teams attempt to balance individual rights and public health, platforms face a crisis of legitimacy, with decisions in the name of individual rights or public health scrutinized and criticized as corrupt, arbitrary, and irresponsible by stakeholders of all stripes. We review early accounts of online governance to consider whether the customer service model has obscured a promising earlier model where members of the affected community were significant, if not always primary, decision-makers. This community governance approach has deep roots in the academic computing community and has re-emerged in spaces like Reddit and special purpose social networks and in novel platform initiatives such as the Oversight Board and Community Notes. We argue that community governance could address persistent challenges of online governance, particularly online platforms’ crisis of legitimacy. In addition, we think community governance may offer valuable training in democratic participation for users.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45329551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Three Approaches to Platform Studies: Cobweb, Billiard Balls, and Ant Societies 平台研究的三种方法:蜘蛛网、台球和蚂蚁社团

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231193304

J. Qiu

引用次数: 0

Affective News, Affective Labor: Chinese Female “Little Editors” of WeChat Official Accounts in Australia 情感新闻，情感劳动：澳大利亚微信公众号中国女性“小编”

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231186343

Fan Yang

{"title":"Affective News, Affective Labor: Chinese Female “Little Editors” of WeChat Official Accounts in Australia","authors":"Fan Yang","doi":"10.1177/20563051231186343","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231186343","url":null,"abstract":"In Australia, WeChat Official Accounts is known as a hub for the production and distribution of affective news, or sensationalized content, among Chinese migrants. This article aims to address: Who/What is responsible for this form of content production on WeChat? Who are the people (re)producing news information for WeChat Official Accounts in Australia? How and why do they engage with such activities for Australia-based WeChat Official Accounts? And how do they shed light on our digital culture, economy, and platform labor? To address the questions, from 2019 to 2022, I conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with Chinese-Australian media professionals at both managerial and staff levels as well as conducted a longitudinal ethnographic observation with more than 200 Australia-based WeChat Official Accounts that translate news stories for the Chinese diaspora. The article argues that in Australia affective news on WeChat is the news story that conveys emotional resonance to Chinese migrant readers; it is predominantly produced by Chinese female little editors who work as affective labor. The employment of affective labor, that is, Chinese female international students or postgraduates, has led to the concentration of precarity, exploitation, and alienation among the groups of Chinese female little editors who are vulnerably exposed to the double exclusion coming from both neoliberalism in Australia’s dominant society and patriarchal normativity embedded in the Chinese migrant economy. The research findings shed light on the intensifying social inequality based on one’s race, ethnicity, gender, and social class that has been imposed and further normalized by digital technologies.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47122732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Artificial Intelligence and Democracy: A Conceptual Framework 人工智能与民主:一个概念框架

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231186353

Andreas Jungherr

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Democracy: A Conceptual Framework","authors":"Andreas Jungherr","doi":"10.1177/20563051231186353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231186353","url":null,"abstract":"The success and widespread deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) have raised awareness of the technology’s economic, social, and political consequences. Each new step in the development and application of AI is accompanied by speculations about a supposedly imminent but largely fictional artificial general intelligence (AGI) with (super-)human capacities, as seen in the unfolding discourse about capabilities and impact of large language models (LLMs) in the wake of ChatGPT. These far-reaching expectations lead to a discussion on the societal and political impact of AI that is largely dominated by unfocused fears and enthusiasms. In contrast, this article provides a framework for a more focused and productive analysis and discussion of AI’s likely impact on one specific social field: democracy. First, it is necessary to be clear about the workings of AI. This means differentiating between what is at present a largely imaginary AGI and narrow artificial intelligence focused on solving specific tasks. This distinction allows for a critical discussion of how AI affects different aspects of democracy, including its effects on the conditions of self-rule and people’s opportunities to exercise it, equality, the institution of elections, and competition between democratic and autocratic systems of government. This article shows that the consequences of today’s AI are more specific for democracy than broad speculation about AGI capabilities implies. Focusing on these specific aspects will account for actual threats and opportunities and thus allow for better monitoring of AI’s impact on democracy in an interdisciplinary effort by computer and social scientists.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44129865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Bringing Bourdieu to a Content Farm: Social Media Production Fields and the Cultural Economy of Attention 将布迪厄带到内容农场：社交媒体生产领域和关注的文化经济

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231193027

A. Mears

引用次数: 0

Did COVID-19 Blur Partisan Boundaries? A Comparison of Partisan Affinity and Source Heterophily in Online Alternative News-Sharing Networks Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic 新冠肺炎是否模糊了党派界限？新冠肺炎大流行前后在线替代新闻共享网络的党派亲和性和来源异质性比较

IF 5.2 1区文学

Social Media + Society Pub Date : 2023-07-01 DOI: 10.1177/20563051231192963

Jakob Baek Kristensen, Frederik Møller Henriksen, Eva Mayerhöffer

{"title":"Did COVID-19 Blur Partisan Boundaries? A Comparison of Partisan Affinity and Source Heterophily in Online Alternative News-Sharing Networks Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Jakob Baek Kristensen, Frederik Møller Henriksen, Eva Mayerhöffer","doi":"10.1177/20563051231192963","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051231192963","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores partisan and group heterophily within cross-platform online communities that share alternative news media content in Denmark, Sweden, Germany, and Austria. The analysis is related to the emergence of anti-systemic cross-partisan counter-publics in Europe that have gained momentum with the outbreak of COVID-19 and the subsequent resistance against government restrictions. Comparing two periods (before and after the outbreak of COVID-19), we investigate whether these developments foster cross-partisan information sharing in online communities that form around right-wing, left-wing, and anti-systemic alternative news media content. Drawing on a network-analytical approach, we study networks formed around URL sharing of alternative news content across Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Reddit, Telegram, TikTok, YouTube, and VKontakte. Data include 30 million social media posts from January 2019 to September 2021. The results show that overall source heterophily in online alternative news networks increases slightly with the COVID-19 pandemic, mainly due to the increased proliferation of anti-system news. This increase is, however, not an expression of a more profound collapse of bi-partisan, left-right cleavages and is contingent on country contexts. Except for the time of the initial outbreak, the overall sharing of COVID-19-related content tends to increase rather than decrease partisan homophily. Finally, the results show that non-bi-partisan, anti-system media have had a significant effect on alternative media information ecosystems during the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47473447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0