{"title":"We Have Always Been Machines","authors":"Zizi Papacharissi","doi":"10.1177/20563051261432035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261432035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"105 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147578422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Disconnecting in a Connected World: The Dynamics of Social Media Non-Use in a Platformized Society","authors":"Danbi Kim, Yong-Chan Kim","doi":"10.1177/20563051261419391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261419391","url":null,"abstract":"This study explored the phenomenon of social media non-use in the current platform-driven media landscape. Through in-depth interviews with young Korean adults in their 20s who have intentionally limited or stopped using Instagram, we examined the motivations, processes, and consequences of social media non-use and its broader implications within a platformized society. The motivations for non-use included multifaceted pressures from both the platform itself and the surrounding culture that promotes connectivity. Despite the strategies for non-use at different levels, participants continuously encountered challenges related to platform-specific resources, user experience, psychological discomfort, and social pressure. These challenges resulted in the renegotiation of disconnective behaviors, making non-use attempts nonlinear and reversible and creating a gap between individuals’ intended outcomes and their actual experiences. We discussed the mechanism of dual ambivalence that creates this cycle of non-use and the situation where non-use becomes captured within the platformization process, thereby being reduced to part of an adaptation process rather than a resistant practice.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"46 37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147524695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Escaping the Spectacle: Anti-Check-in as an Algorithmic Culture Jamming Strategy on Social Media","authors":"Xiaomin Luo","doi":"10.1177/20563051261431221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261431221","url":null,"abstract":"Check-in, defined as the social media activity of photographing, tagging, and publicly displaying one’s presence at specific locations, tightly binds the body to space, transforming both self and place into consumable and communicable symbols. In this process, the body gradually becomes alienated as an appendage of the spectacle. Introducing the concept of algorithmic culture jamming, this study explores how anti-check-in, grounded in embodied practices, disrupts and resists the consumerist logic of spectacle. Based on qualitative research, the findings identify three strategies of anti-check-in practices: first, de-standardization, which restores the body’s naturalness and autonomy through atypical images and multisensory narratives; second, low visibility, which rejects platform recognition and categorization through blurred, hidden, or de-tagged content; and third, spatial wandering as an embodied response, which breaks the consumption path dependency reinforced by algorithmic recommendation through the non-instrumental use of routes and places. However, anti-check-in is inevitably reabsorbed into the platform’s visibility regime, thereby revealing an ongoing and unfinished struggle between the body and the algorithmic society of the spectacle. Theoretically, this study extends Debord’s notion of the spectacle by situating it within the algorithmic condition and highlighting the embodied tactics that emerge in response to platformized visibility regimes. By revealing anti-check-in as both a form of resistance and a mechanism of reabsorption within platform capitalism, it provides a nuanced account of how agency and power are continually renegotiated in the algorithmic society of the spectacle.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Incentivised Engagement: How Party Characteristics and Individual Factors Shape Politicians’ TikTok Use","authors":"Merle Huber, Sebastian Block, Tomas Ruiz","doi":"10.1177/20563051261432483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261432483","url":null,"abstract":"TikTok has shifted from a once marginal entertainment platform to an important channel of parliamentary communication, yet we still know little about who uses it intensively and why. We identify three sets of potential drivers: party incentives, behavioural persistence, and individual characteristics. Our analysis builds on a novel data set comprising the complete posting histories of all Members of Parliament (MPs) in Germany and the United Kingdom, covering activity from MPs’ first adoption in 2020 through the end of 2024 and linked to party- and individual-level characteristics. We combine descriptive analyses with zero-inflated negative binomial models with year fixed effects. Three findings stand out: First, party nicheness, a relational measure of the degree to which a party focuses on issues not emphasised by other parties, predicts higher posting volumes, with MPs from such parties producing more content than mainstream parties. Second, TikTok use is path-dependent: once MPs establish high (or low) posting levels, they tend to sustain them over time. Third, individual traits matter unevenly: prior platform experience and gender are associated with higher activity, while age and institutional position show no consistent effects. Our results shift the focus from stylistic repertoires to structural drivers of elite communication on TikTok and demonstrate that sustained activity is concentrated, persistent, and above all shaped by party incentives. The findings suggest that TikTok lowers entry barriers and expands political visibility, potentially re-engaging voters, yet its dynamics may also amplify polarisation by disproportionately incentivising fringe actors to be active on the platform.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Michael E. Nwokedi, Ifesinachi Anyaegbunam Ayogu, John Ayodele Oyewole, Joseph Moyinoluwa Talabi, Samson Adedapo Bello, Felix Olajide Talabi, Ayodeji Boluwatife Aiyesimoju, Ozioma Patience Nwokedi, Gever Verlumun Celestine
{"title":"Paradox of Laughter: Aggressiveness, Emotional Response, and Political Accountability in Nigerian Social Media Satire","authors":"Michael E. Nwokedi, Ifesinachi Anyaegbunam Ayogu, John Ayodele Oyewole, Joseph Moyinoluwa Talabi, Samson Adedapo Bello, Felix Olajide Talabi, Ayodeji Boluwatife Aiyesimoju, Ozioma Patience Nwokedi, Gever Verlumun Celestine","doi":"10.1177/20563051261427978","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261427978","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigated how the stylistic characteristics of Nigerian satirical skits on social media influence audience engagement, utilizing the Satire as Humorous Discourse theory. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on 106 skits and 10,600 comments from four prominent comedians (Mr. Macaroni, Zady Soko, MC Tagwaye, and Kelvinblak). A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the predictive power of aggressiveness, critique focus, and creator style on various engagement metrics. Findings reveal that aggressiveness exhibits a dual effect: it is a significant negative predictor of direct interactions but a strong positive predictor of emotional reactions, suggesting a trade-off in audience response. Furthermore, a focus on specific policy was found to be a more effective catalyst for emotional engagement than targeting a politician’s character, highlighting the audience’s preference for substantive critique. The study also confirms that a comedian’s unique style can be a significant factor in a skit’s success, as exemplified by one comedian’s superior performance (Kelvinblak) in generating emotional reactions. The results collectively indicate that the form and content of online satire are crucial filters for audience engagement, with different stylistic choices leading to distinct types of audience response. This research’s primary contribution is the empirical quantification of satire’s civic impact on digital platforms. Our findings introduce the “Paradox of Laughter” into the Satire as Humorous Discourse theory, demonstrating that while aggressive content suppresses conversational engagement, it significantly amplifies emotional response, thus clarifying the conditions under which stylistic choices either encourage or suppress measurable engagement with political accountability.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147478023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Techno Music and Luxury Yachts: The Misogynesque Audiovisual Affective Codes of TikTok Manfluencers","authors":"Kaarel Lott","doi":"10.1177/20563051261430708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261430708","url":null,"abstract":"The manosphere has rapidly moved from anonymous forum-based communities to mainstream contexts, generating manfluencers with mass followings. While popular and networked misogyny, together with various parts of the manosphere have been well studied, manfluencers as key agents in the mainstreaming of the manosphere have received relatively little academic attention. This article explores how Estonian TikTok manfluencers signal problematic messages through audiovisual elements with such strong connotations to the manosphere that they embody or reference an ideology without any need to mention it explicitly. By using a mixed-methods approach, the study will employ a combination of standardized content analysis and group exercises with audiences (not fans) of this content to conceptualize and explore what in this article is termed “misogynesque” – a coded style of content unique to the genre of manfluencers that is able to circulate in mainstream settings. The study elaborates on how manfluencers engage in affective racketeering by using audiovisual elements to evoke affective responses in their audiences. Results indicate that the misogynesque is constructed through the connotations of sounds and visuals, which have become symbols of hypermasculinity. These include luxury yachts, cars, a trained physique and daily routines. Misogynesque is further employed through a process of affective racketeering, which utilizes the sociosemiotic connotations of audio cues and framing styles. For example, close-up framing facilitates sympathy and intimacy, while the use of techno music projects aggression and intimidation. The results of this study are crucial for understanding the processes behind the mainstreaming of the manosphere and networked misogyny.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147454683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Unshareable: Non-Sharing Grief and Grievabilities on Social Media","authors":"Tamara Borovica, Katrin Gerber, Larissa Hjorth","doi":"10.1177/20563051261430718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261430718","url":null,"abstract":"For death-online scholars, online rituals of loss and death help to challenge and reinforce social and moral order. The digital mediates, remediates and ‘mediatises’ both life and death. While grieving is an individual, internal process, mourning is an external practice that can help to connect us with others. Mourning is culturally specific. It is collective. Through posting eulogies online and sharing experiences of loss, we can enhance our grief literacy through grief vernaculars. The role of the digital in connecting us to informal processes of mourning and memorialisation is vast. However, what about the people who choose not to share online? Who decides not to post their tributes, eulogies and memories online? This article seeks to explore this under-researched phenomenon. Much like ‘non-use’, unshareability and non-sharing are crucial parts of contemporary digital culture. In this article, we investigate experiences of unshareability. Drawing from over 57 interviews with participants dealing with all types of loss and grief, we focus on examples of seven participants who spoke about the complications with sharing and choices not to share. We explore those tensions and how this reflects grievabilities – who is digitally mournable and who is not.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Amplifying Division: Electoral Misinformation and Political Intolerance in Brazil","authors":"Patrícia Rossini, Antonis Kalogeropoulos, Camila Mont’Alverne","doi":"10.1177/20563051261419393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261419393","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines the relationship between misinformation and political intolerance during the 2022 Brazilian Election. Using a three-wave survey, we show that citizens who believe false claims about electoral fraud become more intolerant toward political opponents over time. Beliefs in electoral misinformation consistently predicted increases in intolerance over the course of the election. We find an indirect effect for using messaging apps for news and intolerance, mediated by beliefs in electoral misinformation, suggesting that citizens who rely on messaging apps for news are not only more susceptible to believing misinformation but also to its detrimental effects on democracy. These findings highlight electoral misinformation as a key driver of intolerant attitudes in polarized democracies, operating not only by eroding trust in institutions but also by undermining citizens’ commitment to democratic norms.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"It’s Bad: What Now?","authors":"Nancy K. Baym","doi":"10.1177/20563051261432484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261432484","url":null,"abstract":"This essay reflects on a decade of worsening social media harms—inequality, algorithmic power, precarious labor, and data extraction—arguing for renewed interdisciplinary and collaborative approaches to create just sociotechnical futures.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393422","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Opposing Yet Still Disseminating Conspiracy Theories: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Motivations Behind the Dissemination of Conspiracy Theories Online","authors":"Luna Gao, Jesper Strömbäck","doi":"10.1177/20563051261429392","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/20563051261429392","url":null,"abstract":"While most research on conspiracy theory dissemination focuses on beliefs in and support for conspiracy theories, limited work has explored why people share conspiracy theories, particularly when they oppose them. Using natural language processing and content analysis, we examined 71,003 retweet comments on 136 conspiracy theory-related tweets across six themes posted between 2018 and 2024. Among other things, findings show that while a majority share conspiracy theories because they support them, a substantial minority shares conspiracy theories they oppose. The underlying reasons are to warn others, correct misinformation, or express emotions such as ridicule or frustration. The prevalence of this behavior varies across different conspiracy theories. These results complicate common assumptions about retweeting and suggest that even opposition can contribute to the amplification of conspiracy theories. Understanding these distinct motivations is crucial for developing more targeted strategies to mitigate the dissemination of conspiracy theories and foster healthier information environments.","PeriodicalId":47920,"journal":{"name":"Social Media + Society","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2026-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147393419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}