Cultural Studies最新文献_第9页

The collateralized personality: creditability and resistance in the age of automated credit-scoring and lending 被担保的人格:自动信用评分和贷款时代的可信度和阻力

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-21 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042576

Alison Hearn

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引用次数: 1

The decolonization that could have been but never was 本可以实现但从未实现的非殖民化

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-20 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2108865

F. Mami

引用次数: 0

Tech money in civil society: whose interests do digital rights organisations represent? 公民社会中的科技资金:数字权利组织代表谁的利益?

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042582

Jake Goldenfein, Monique Mann

{"title":"Tech money in civil society: whose interests do digital rights organisations represent?","authors":"Jake Goldenfein, Monique Mann","doi":"10.1080/09502386.2022.2042582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2022.2042582","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores philanthropic interactions between ‘Big Tech’ and digital rights civil society organizations (DRCSOs) to enhance understanding of the alignment and misalignment of interests between these groups. ‘Big Tech’ wields political influence by distributing cash to research and policy organizations. Academic research supporting ‘Big Tech’ business practices is marshalled to support their political lobbying efforts, while civil society policy work shapes the narrative what dimensions of these businesses should be regulated (or not). While academic work is typically presented as a cool analysis of the relevant issues, DRCSOs purport to represent the interests of individuals and groups negatively affected by those business practices. Through empirical tracking of direct financial flows, as well as an analysis of cash distributions via class action litigation settlements, we show that certain DRCSOs have long-term financial relationships with ‘Big Tech’ that trouble our understanding of the alignments or misalignments of their interests. Through that analysis, we question where and how civil society fits into automated and algorithmic cultural production and perpetuation, and the way that Big Tech uses and guards the economic capital generated through its dominance over ‘automated culture’.","PeriodicalId":47907,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"88 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45716495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

The mechanical Turk: a short history of ‘artificial artificial intelligence’ 机械土耳其人：“人工智能”简史

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042580

Elizabeth Stephens

{"title":"The mechanical Turk: a short history of ‘artificial artificial intelligence’","authors":"Elizabeth Stephens","doi":"10.1080/09502386.2022.2042580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2022.2042580","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the famous eighteenth-century chess-playing automaton known as Mechanical Turk and the Amazon microwork platform of the same name. The original Mechanical Turk was a life-sized automaton made in 1770 and publicly exhibited until the mid-1800s, and which played games of chess with the audience. Its movements were fully mechanical, but even more remarkably, it was promoted as the world’s first ‘thinking machine,’ deciding each move of the chess pieces for itself. From the outset, it was widely assumed that the Mechanical Turk was a hoax, and that a human must be hidden inside the machine, directing the game. But it was a clever hoax whose trick was never discovered, and widely admired as such. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk job platform functions in a similarly open way, this paper argues, as a sort of open technological hoax. Mechanical Turk provides a source of human cognitive labour that can be used to invisibly operate digital systems and programs that are widely assumed to be fully automated. Artificial intelligence is a twenty-first century thinking machine, it requires a human brain to make it work. Amazon’s Mechanical Turk is a marketplace in which companies can hire piecemeal cognitive labour to patch gaps and train programs to keep those systems functioning. Providing what Jeff Bezos has called ‘artificial artificial intelligence,’ Amazon’s Mechanical Turk, like Kempelen’s automaton, both draws attention to and obfuscates the limits of automation and artificial intelligence. Taking the two iterations of the Mechanical Turk as rich cultural figures of automation for their respective periods, this paper will argue that the open secret of their artificial artificial intelligence is itself a form of misdirection that hides other, more successfully guarded secrets: the true extent of that labour, and the conditions in which it is performed.","PeriodicalId":47907,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"65 - 87"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43583907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Automated media and commercial populism 自动化媒体与商业民粹主义

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042581

Zala Volcic, M. Andrejevic

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引用次数: 2

Cultural capital and constrained agency in debt-migration for construction work in India 文化资本与印度建筑工程债务迁移中的受约束代理

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2045333

P. Deshingkar

{"title":"Cultural capital and constrained agency in debt-migration for construction work in India","authors":"P. Deshingkar","doi":"10.1080/09502386.2022.2045333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2022.2045333","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Debt-migration is endemic in construction work in India, where exploitative social relations are an integral part of businesses’ capital accumulation model that can entrap migrants in forced labour and perpetual indebtedness. Drawing on concepts of cultural capital, ‘constrained agency’, and qualitative interviews with migrants and their wives, this study examines the embodied and material practices that migrants in Telangana use to challenge power hierarchies and embark on different life trajectories. The paper draws out the gendered differences in cultural capital and agential strategies that migrants use to place themselves and their families on an upwardly mobile path. Although still in debt, many migrants had succeeded in buying land, investing in farming, marrying their daughters, releasing themselves from moneylenders, and educating their children privately. A few had transitioned to working and living more permanently in the city of Hyderabad. This research sheds new light on how constrained agency and the use of cultural capital intersects with gender, ethnicity, and caste. It also shows that while the situations of both those who continue to circulate and those who settle in the city remain precarious, small incremental changes can add up to a significant shift in social and economic circumstances.","PeriodicalId":47907,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"605 - 625"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46669485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Automated culture: introduction 自动化文化：简介

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-03-08 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042579

M. Andrejevic, R. Fordyce, Lüzhou Li, V. Trott

{"title":"Automated culture: introduction","authors":"M. Andrejevic, R. Fordyce, Lüzhou Li, V. Trott","doi":"10.1080/09502386.2022.2042579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2022.2042579","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Automation has a long history in cultural production, but the contemporary moment presents a range of new possibilities and demands for the deployment of automated and autonomous systems in the shaping of our cultural and social worlds. The cultural implications of the deployment of automated systems for producing, curating, and distributing a growing range of cultural texts and artifacts extend beyond the realm of content to encompass their pace, rhythm, and scale. Understanding the significance of these shifts remains a central task for cultural studies research that builds on the field’s historical engagement with the entwinement of cultural practices, social relations, and power. This theme issue builds on the historical and recent concerns of cultural studies to provide a range of approaches to the cultural significance of automation. Given the scope of the transformations, the coverage of possible topics is indicative rather than exhaustive. The articles in this collection range across the realms of automated news curation, credit scoring, image curation, deep fakes, data science, the gig economy, and content moderation. They engage with possible responses to the real and potential pathologies of automation in the cultural realm – while highlighting the links between culture, politics, and economics. Taken together they develop a range of critical approaches to the sometimes creeping, sometimes galloping automation of cultural production, curation, and distribution. While stressing the moments of historical continuity with earlier forms of bureaucratic and administrative rationality, they simultaneously indicate that we are, in many ways, still in the very early stages of a process that is likely to encompass an expanding range of cultural practices and texts.","PeriodicalId":47907,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"1 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-03-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44994972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Programming gender: surveillance, identity, and paranoia in Ex Machina 编程性别:《机械姬》中的监视、身份和偏执

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-24 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042575

Thao Phan

引用次数: 1

Tuning machines: an approach to exploring how Instagram’s machine vision operates on and through digital media’s participatory visual cultures 调整机器：探索Instagram的机器视觉如何在数字媒体的参与式视觉文化中运作的方法

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042578

Nicholas Carah, Daniel Angus, J. Burgess

{"title":"Tuning machines: an approach to exploring how Instagram’s machine vision operates on and through digital media’s participatory visual cultures","authors":"Nicholas Carah, Daniel Angus, J. Burgess","doi":"10.1080/09502386.2022.2042578","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2022.2042578","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The work of training machine vision systems is diffused into the participatory cultures of social media. As we use social media platforms to express ourselves we assemble databases and train algorithms; and these algorithms in turn shape our everyday cultural practices. In this article, we describe a machine vision system that we built to undertake an unsupervised classification of 13,000 images posted to Instagram from Splendour in the Grass, a large Australian multi-day music festival with over 40,000 attendees featuring international musical acts and arts performances. We demonstrate how unsupervised approaches operate as open-ended queries, rather than definitive classifications. Once a machine vision system has ‘learned’ the unique numerical feature vector associated with an art object, brand activation or gendered pose, it can be used to search for other similar users and moments. We critically explore how the capacity of machines to cluster and classify these Instagram images is interdependent with the mediatized enclosures of popular cultural events and their participatory cultures, and hence represents continuities with the longer history of experience capitalism. Where unsupervised machine vision is used on an advertiser-funded platform like Instagram it points us to the prospective nature of digital advertising, driven not only by specified targeting of pre-labelled consumer preferences, but also by continuous pattern-mining and prediction, sometimes of patterns that seem impervious to symbolic labels. We argue for the importance of critical approaches that explore the open-ended and prospective interplay between culture and machine vision. We need to investigate the feedback loops between the design and use of our cultural spaces, the creativity of participants and users, and the development of platforms’ technologies and business models.","PeriodicalId":47907,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"20 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46533005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Oaths and the ethics of automated data: limits to porting the Hippocratic oath from medicine to data science 誓言与自动化数据的伦理：希波克拉底誓言从医学移植到数据科学的局限性

IF 1.5 3区社会学

Cultural Studies Pub Date : 2022-02-23 DOI: 10.1080/09502386.2022.2042577

Kate Mannell, R. Fordyce, Suneel Jethani

{"title":"Oaths and the ethics of automated data: limits to porting the Hippocratic oath from medicine to data science","authors":"Kate Mannell, R. Fordyce, Suneel Jethani","doi":"10.1080/09502386.2022.2042577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09502386.2022.2042577","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper argues that the proposal for a ‘Hippocratic oath for data science’ is a severely limited form of data ethics for automated culture. Drawing on the oath used within medical professionalism, proponents as diverse as Wired and the European Data Protection Supervisor have argued for a Hippocratic oath for data science as a way of introducing a soft regulatory environment. In this paper, we analyse the history of the Hippocratic oath and the professions of medicine and data science to suggest that this proposal offers an individualized solution to systemic problems and, as such, is unlikely to be effective. We further argue that the proposal of the Hippocratic oath ignores the degree to which the profession of the physician is different from the profession of the data scientist in ways that limit the transfer of an ethical framework between them. In particular, we note that automated data access leads to a lack of clear professional identity among those who act as data stewards which, unlike in a medical context, makes it unclear how breaches of an oath would be adequately sanctioned. We also argue that, unlike in a medical context, harms can be difficult to define and have historically been poorly acknowledged, making it difficult to meaningfully take an oath to ‘do no harm’. We propose that in the context of data science, a Hippocratic oath would provide little substantial protection for users and largely penalize workers over companies while deferring responsibility away from those profiting from data extraction. The paper concludes by suggesting that the limits of the Hippocratic oath are significant to the point that other regulations should also be sought, although proposals for oaths have value as catalysts for cultural change within the technology industry.","PeriodicalId":47907,"journal":{"name":"Cultural Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"168 - 189"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42660437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2