Annual Review of Economics最新文献_第5页

The Economics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poor Countries 贫穷国家COVID-19大流行的经济学

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-025412

Edward Miguel,Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak

{"title":"The Economics of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Poor Countries","authors":"Edward Miguel,Ahmed Mushfiq Mobarak","doi":"10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-025412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-025412","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic has upended health and living standards around the world. This article provides an interim overview of these effects, with a particular focus on low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Economists have explained how the pandemic is likely to have different consequences for LMICs and demands distinct policy responses compared to those of rich countries. We survey the rapidly expanding body of empirical research that documents the pandemic's many adverse economic and noneconomic effects in terms of living standards, education, health, and gender equality, which appear to be unprecedented in scope and scale. We also review research on successful and failed policy responses, including the failure to ensure widespread vaccine coverage in many LMICs, which is needed to end the pandemic. We close with a discussion of implications for public policy in LMICs and for the institutions of international governance, given the likelihood of future pandemics and other major shocks (e.g., climate). Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 14 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":47891,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519891","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Helicopter Money: What Is It and What Does It Do? 直升机撒钱:它是什么?它有什么用?

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-28 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-020618

Ricardo Reis,Silvana Tenreyro

引用次数: 0

The Affordable Care Act After a Decade: Industrial Organization of the Insurance Exchanges 十年后的平价医疗法案:保险交易所的工业组织

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-114714

Benjamin Handel,Jonathan Kolstad

{"title":"The Affordable Care Act After a Decade: Industrial Organization of the Insurance Exchanges","authors":"Benjamin Handel,Jonathan Kolstad","doi":"10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-114714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-114714","url":null,"abstract":"The regulated insurance exchanges set up in the Affordable Care Act (ACA) were designed to deliver affordable, efficient health coverage through private insurers. It is crucial to study the complex industrial organization (IO) of these exchanges in order to assess their impacts during the first decade of the ACA and to project their effects going forward. We revisit the inherent market failures in health care markets that necessitate key ACA exchange regulations and investigate whether they have succeeded in their goals of expanding coverage, creating robust marketplaces, providing product variety, and generating innovation in health care delivery. We discuss empirical IO research to date and also highlight shortcomings in the existing research that can be addressed moving forward. We conclude with a discussion of IO research-based policy lessons for the ACA exchanges and, more generally, for managed competition of private insurance in health care. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 14 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":47891,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How Economic Development Influences the Environment 经济发展如何影响环境

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-18 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-082321-123803

Seema Jayachandran

引用次数: 0

Risks and Global Supply Chains: What We Know and What We Need to Know 风险和全球供应链:我们知道什么和我们需要知道什么

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-08 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-113737

Richard Baldwin,Rebecca Freeman

{"title":"Risks and Global Supply Chains: What We Know and What We Need to Know","authors":"Richard Baldwin,Rebecca Freeman","doi":"10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-113737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-051420-113737","url":null,"abstract":"Recent supply disruptions catapulted the issue of risk in global supply chains (GSCs) to the top of policy agendas and created the impression that shortages would have been less severe if GSCs had been either shorter and more domestic or more diversified. But is this right? We start our answer by reviewing studies that look at risks to and from GSCs and at how GSCs have recovered from past shocks. We then look at whether GSCs are too risky, starting with business research on how firms approach the cost-resilience trade-off. We propose the risk-versus-reward framework from portfolio theory as a good way to evaluate whether anti-risk policy is justified. We then discuss how exposures to foreign shocks are measured and argue that exposure is higher than direct indicators imply. Finally, we consider the future of GSCs in light of current policy proposals and advancing technology before pointing to the rich menu of topics for future research on the risk-GSC nexus. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 14 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":47891,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Impact of Health Information and Communication Technology on Clinical Quality, Productivity, and Workers 卫生信息和通信技术对临床质量、生产力和工作人员的影响

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-04-04 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-080921-101909

Ari Bronsoler, J. Doyle, J. Van Reenen

{"title":"The Impact of Health Information and Communication Technology on Clinical Quality, Productivity, and Workers","authors":"Ari Bronsoler, J. Doyle, J. Van Reenen","doi":"10.1146/annurev-economics-080921-101909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080921-101909","url":null,"abstract":"The adoption of health information and communication technology (HICT) has surged over the past two decades. We survey the medical and economic literature on HICT adoption and its impact on clinical outcomes, productivity, and the health care workforce. We find that HICT improves clinical outcomes and lowers health care costs; however, ( a) the effects are modest so far, ( b) it takes time for these effects to materialize, and ( c ) there is much variation in the impact. More evidence on the causal effects of HICT on productivity is needed to improve our analytical understanding and to guide further adoption. There is little econometric work directly investigating the impact of HICT on labor market outcomes, but the existing literature suggests that there are no substantial negative effects on employment and earnings. Overall, although health care is in many ways exceptional, we are struck by the similarities of our conclusions to the wider findings on the relationship between productivity and information and communication technologies, which stress the importance of complementary factors (e.g., management and skills) in determining the impact of these new technologies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 14 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":47891,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Managing retirement incomes 管理退休收入

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-14 DOI: 10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.0522

Rowena Crawford, J. Banks

引用次数: 0

Inequality and the Covid crisis in the United Kingdom 英国的不平等和新冠肺炎危机

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.0122

Xiaowei Xu, Thomas Wernham, T. Waters, R. Joyce, Jonathan Cribb, Monica Costa Dias, R. Blundell

{"title":"Inequality and the Covid crisis in the United Kingdom","authors":"Xiaowei Xu, Thomas Wernham, T. Waters, R. Joyce, Jonathan Cribb, Monica Costa Dias, R. Blundell","doi":"10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.0122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1920/wp.ifs.2022.0122","url":null,"abstract":"We review the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on inequalities in education, the labor market, household living standards, mental health, and wealth in the United Kingdom. The pandemic has pushed up inequalities on several dimensions. School closures, in particular, disrupted the learning of poorer children, leading to lower attainment. Mental health worsened for those groups (women and younger adults) who had poorer mental health pre-pandemic. Lockdowns and social distancing particularly reduced the ability of younger, lower-earning, and less educated people to work. However, job-support programs combined with the expanded welfare system meant that, if anything, disposable income inequality fell. Rising house prices have benefited people around the middle of the wealth distribution. In the longer term, lower work experience for the less educated and missed schooling could push up some inequalities. Increased rates of working from home seem likely to persist, which may increase some inequalities and decrease others. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Economics, Volume 14 is August 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.","PeriodicalId":47891,"journal":{"name":"Annual Review of Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2022-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42847311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

The Econometric Model for Causal Policy Analysis. 因果政策分析的计量经济学模型。

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-economics-051520-015456

James Heckman, Rodrigo Pinto

引用次数: 8

The Great Divide: Education, Despair, and Death. 巨大的鸿沟：教育、绝望和死亡。

IF 5.6 2区经济学

Annual Review of Economics Pub Date : 2021-09-01 DOI: 10.3386/w29241

A. Case, A. Deaton

引用次数: 27