Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal最新文献_第2页

Cybersecurity risks in mining’s operational technology: Implications of OT vulnerabilities and EU NIS2 compliance 采矿操作技术中的网络安全风险：OT漏洞和欧盟NIS2合规性的影响

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101774

Fabian Teichmann

{"title":"Cybersecurity risks in mining’s operational technology: Implications of OT vulnerabilities and EU NIS2 compliance","authors":"Fabian Teichmann","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101774","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101774","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mining and metals sector faces a surge in cyber incidents, with reported attacks tripling from 10 in 2023 to 30 in 2024. These attacks increasingly target operational technology (OT) – the industrial control systems that underpin extraction and processing – resulting in costly production stoppages. This study investigates the economic and governance challenges posed by these cybersecurity risks. We compare the expected costs of OT-related operational disruptions against the investments required for compliance with the European Union’s new NIS2 Directive on network and information security. Using case studies of European mining companies (e.g., Aurubis and Norsk Hydro) that experienced cyberattacks and now fall under NIS2 obligations, we examine how strong governance (such as board-level cybersecurity oversight and training for directors) correlates with incident frequency and severity. We develop an event-based Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate annual loss distributions from cyberattacks under different preventive investment levels. The results yield cost-risk curves illustrating diminishing marginal benefits of high cybersecurity expenditures. Our findings highlight a clear trade-off: proactive resilience investments and NIS2 compliance incur significant upfront costs, but can substantially reduce the probability of catastrophic OT outages and regulatory penalties. The analysis underscores that effective governance – including board accountability and dedicated cybersecurity leadership – is vital for mitigating risks. This interdisciplinary work offers insights for industry practitioners, regulators, and academics on balancing the socio-economic costs of cybersecurity in mining with the imperative of operational resilience and regulatory compliance.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101774"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118852","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

From socio-environmental conflict to responsible lithium mining: understanding the Governance of Dispossession from the salt flats of Chile and Argentina 从社会环境冲突到负责任的锂矿开采：理解智利和阿根廷盐滩的剥夺治理

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101724

Ramón Balcázar M․ , Melisa Argento

{"title":"From socio-environmental conflict to responsible lithium mining: understanding the Governance of Dispossession from the salt flats of Chile and Argentina","authors":"Ramón Balcázar M․ , Melisa Argento","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Globally, decarbonisation policies are driving interest and speculation around the extraction of minerals such as lithium, which is mostly found in Indigenous and rural territories in the Puna de Atacama, within the transborder Circumpuneña Region. In this deployment, capital expansion has driven public-private strategies that seek to respond to territorial tensions and expand mineral extraction. Based on militant research situated in long-term relations with territorial resistances and nature protection initiatives in the region, in this article, we analyse this set of practices in four salt flats in Chile and Argentina. We argue that lithium extractivism expands through a ‘governance of dispossession’ model that responds to an emerging global scenario marked by the emergence of new public-corporate arrangements pushed by global powers seeking to ensure their access to so-called critical minerals more responsibly. These strategies also adapt to the local contexts marked by conflicts and tensions between Indigenous communities, mining companies, and State agencies to achieve legitimation. Moreover, the dispossession dynamics linked to lithium exploitation are enabled by a social engineering developed not only by mining corporations and State institutions, but also by car makers, civil society organisations, international cooperation organisations and, eventually, both public and private research centres. We conclude that these adaptations, far from being a solution to socio-environmental conflicts and Indigenous demands for FPIC, translate into a sophistication of the impacts of green extractivism in the Puna de Atacama. As we observe lithium companies' progressive adaptation of voluntary mining standards, we suggest that understanding the social and material impacts of brine mining in the Andean salt flats through independent, transdisciplinary studies is essential for impactful research and rightful policymaking.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101724"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Geopolitical discrimination and institutional governance of strategic and critical minerals: Implications for Africa 战略和关键矿产的地缘政治歧视和制度治理：对非洲的影响

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-22 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101765

Christopher Vandome

{"title":"Geopolitical discrimination and institutional governance of strategic and critical minerals: Implications for Africa","authors":"Christopher Vandome","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101765","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101765","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Geopolitical discrimination is shaping the race for strategic and critical minerals (SCMs), particularly in Africa. Western governments energy security concerns are leading to the formation of exclusive alliances to secure SCMs while excluding China due to geopolitical tensions. This creates a dilemma for African nations, which possess vast mineral reserves but maintain strong economic ties across these geopolitical divides. The nature of transnational supply chains and important role of both western and eastern partners for African states, have resulted in complicated trading relationships. African governments face a choice: join geopolitical groupings in expectation of enhanced support on developmental ambitions around processing and industrialisation; or to maintain a‘non-aligned’ stance to maximise the benefits of diverse relationships. This article argues that the current economic incentives are insufficient for African states to limit their geopolitical alignments. Western financing is insufficient to guarantee supply security from African producers and doesn’t reflect commercial realities. Promises of developmental benefits and enhanced ESG criteria are often unsubstantiated or lack detail. As a result, African nations will likely continue to balance their international partnerships to benefit from extractive opportunities, while potentially missing out on longer term benefits of inclusion into deeper and higher value energy security partnerships.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101765"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145118849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

AI’s energy paradox: Governing the trilemma of security, justice, and sustainability 人工智能的能源悖论：治理安全、正义和可持续性的三难困境

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101773

Vlado Vivoda , Danilo Borja , Ghaleb Krame

{"title":"AI’s energy paradox: Governing the trilemma of security, justice, and sustainability","authors":"Vlado Vivoda , Danilo Borja , Ghaleb Krame","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101773","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101773","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming economies and infrastructures, but its accelerating electricity demand poses new governance challenges across the energy trilemma of security, justice, and sustainability. This paper offers a conceptual and policy-oriented analysis of AI’s expanding energy footprint through the 4As framework—availability, accessibility, affordability, and acceptance—nested within the trilemma. It positions itself as a synthesis of empirical evidence and anticipatory projections to clarify current impacts while mapping uncertain futures. The analysis demonstrates that AI’s energy impacts are characterised by uncertainty, regional variation, and rebound effects, requiring careful qualification of projections. High-profile scenarios such as mega data-centre projects or market forecasts illustrate possible trajectories, but they must be situated within broader ranges and benchmarks to avoid unwarranted determinism. The paper identifies justice implications of uneven AI adoption, sustainability risks from concentrated infrastructure, and opportunities for anticipatory governance. It concludes with policy recommendations classified by governance level, emphasising transparency, international coordination, and a forward-looking research agenda on the political economy of AI and energy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101773"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145096578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Petrobras and the abandonment of the downstream sector in Brazil 巴西石油公司和巴西下游行业的放弃

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101766

Alessandra Brito Leal, Waldyr Luiz Ribeiro Gallo

{"title":"Petrobras and the abandonment of the downstream sector in Brazil","authors":"Alessandra Brito Leal, Waldyr Luiz Ribeiro Gallo","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101766","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101766","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article examines Petrobras’ strategic reorientation from downstream to upstream activities. While upstream expansion has been extensively studied, less attention has been given to the consequences of downstream divestment. Drawing on a qualitative, historical-institutional approach based on documentary analysis, the paper analyzes the political, institutional, and economic drivers of this shift and its implications. The findings show that the sale of BR Distribuidora, the privatization of refineries, and the progressive reduction of refining investments have reconfigured Petrobras’ vertical integration, increasing the company’s exposure to international oil-price volatility and reducing Brazil’s capacity to generate value-added products domestically. Consequently, Petrobras finds itself in a delicate position, with potential risks to the flow of its primary derivative, fuel oil. This imbalance underscores the urgency of directing investments toward higher value-added products such as gasoline and diesel, in order to strengthen industrial capacity and reduce external vulnerabilities. These dynamics carry significant implications for energy security, trade balance, and the future of state-owned enterprises in the context of the global energy transition. By addressing this gap, the study contributes to debates on the political economy of national oil companies and the challenges of balancing profitability, industrial development, and public policy objectives in resource-dependent economies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101766"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145020286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Circular economy in the extractive frontier: Tensions and pathways for transformative change in mining 采掘前沿的循环经济：采矿业变革的紧张局势和途径

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101764

Cali Nuur , Solmaz Filiz Karabag , Andreas Feldmann

引用次数: 0

An approach to variable prioritization in tailings dam failure susceptibility analysis 尾矿坝溃坝敏感性分析中的变量优先排序方法

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101759

Ticiane Schivittez Elacoste , Guilherme Silva , Thiago Bomjardim Porto , Úrsula Ruchkys de Azevedo

{"title":"An approach to variable prioritization in tailings dam failure susceptibility analysis","authors":"Ticiane Schivittez Elacoste , Guilherme Silva , Thiago Bomjardim Porto , Úrsula Ruchkys de Azevedo","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101759","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101759","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Mining plays a strategic role in the technological and economic development of many countries; however, its extractive processes involve significant risks, particularly in tailings disposal. In recent years, tailings dam failures have caused severe socio-environmental impacts, intensifying scientific interest in assessing their susceptibility. This study proposes a model for ranking variables associated with dam failure risk using the MCDA-AHP (Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis – Analytic Hierarchy Process) methodology. Four main variables were considered: design, construction, operation, and monitoring, which received weights of 22.58 %, 31.56 %, 25.47 %, and 20.28 %, respectively, based on the AHP method. The model was validated using data from two tailings dams that failed within the past decade, revealing a partial match with the identified high-susceptibility classes. The developed tool, which is open-access, represents an advancement in risk analysis and can inform public policies and management strategies in the mining sector. The results highlight the relevance of AHP as a decision-support tool, contributing to disaster prevention and dam safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101759"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Regulatory gaps and ghost indicators in Australian alumina production: The case for standardized sustainability reporting and policy reform 澳大利亚氧化铝生产中的监管缺口和幽灵指标：标准化可持续性报告和政策改革的案例

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101763

Marcus Jerome Byrne, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas

{"title":"Regulatory gaps and ghost indicators in Australian alumina production: The case for standardized sustainability reporting and policy reform","authors":"Marcus Jerome Byrne, Michele John, Wahidul Biswas","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101763","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101763","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Sustainability reporting in Australia’s alumina sector remains fragmented, failing to reflect the full scale of environmental and social impacts associated with production. While current frameworks emphasize carbon emissions, they systematically underreport critical issues such as biodiversity loss, land degradation, water resource depletion, and community health risks. These “ghost indicators” obscure the industry’s true footprint, delaying intervention and undermining accountability. This study employed a two-phase methodology, combining a systematic review of sustainability and governance literature with targeted analysis of regulatory and reporting frameworks. It identified major governance shortcomings, particularly the continued use of outdated State Agreements in Western Australia that allow producers to bypass key environmental regulations. In contrast, Queensland and New South Wales have implemented more robust frameworks, creating regulatory imbalance and selective compliance. To address these disparities, the study recommends a federally mandated sustainability reporting framework, requiring disclosure of material impacts, third-party verification, and structured stakeholder engagement. The Transition Broker Model is proposed as a governance mechanism to bridge institutional fragmentation, align policy with operational realities, and support consensus-driven reform. Strengthening sustainability reporting is not merely an administrative risk; it is essential to ensuring the alumina sector is accountable for its full footprint in a market demanding responsible production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"25 ","pages":"Article 101763"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144989606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

State incapacitation for partisan political interest: Assessing government’s responses to the neo-galamsey crisis in Ghana 国家对党派政治利益的无能为力：评估加纳政府对新galamsey危机的反应

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101762

George M. Bob-Milliar , Humphrey Asamoah Agyekum

{"title":"State incapacitation for partisan political interest: Assessing government’s responses to the neo-galamsey crisis in Ghana","authors":"George M. Bob-Milliar , Humphrey Asamoah Agyekum","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101762","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101762","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Partisan politics have influenced state institutions in many emerging democracies in Africa. Research highlights the importance of state capacity and institutional trust for societal transformation. Yet, less attention has been placed on how a democratic state may limit its own effectiveness to serve partisan interests. Ghana is currently experiencing environmental challenges due to extensive damage caused by ‘illegal’ Artisanal and Small-scale Mining (ASM) activities, which have caused significant environmental harm to productive agricultural lands and water resources. This ecological impact raises questions about public trust in state institutions and the influence of electoral politics. This paper applies theoretical perspectives related to state capacity to examine recent government actions addressing environmental harms in Ghana. The analysis reveals that partisanship can affect the state’s capacity to effectively resolve such crises, potentially impacting coercive, legal, bureaucratic, and administrative functions. Findings suggest that challenges regarding state capacity and institutional trust may be associated with partisan dynamics and that political competition has affected the development of effective state response in Ghana.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101762"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144925734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Gender and mining: Assessing the landscape for women entrepreneurs in the critical minerals supply chain 性别与采矿：评估关键矿产供应链中女企业家的前景

IF 4.3 2区社会学

Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.exis.2025.101753

Patricia F. Ackah-Baidoo

{"title":"Gender and mining: Assessing the landscape for women entrepreneurs in the critical minerals supply chain","authors":"Patricia F. Ackah-Baidoo","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101753","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101753","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>What are the implications of enclavity in mining for women entrepreneurs within the critical minerals supply chain? This article seeks to reframe gender considerations in mining by examining it through the lens of the industry's enclave characteristic. Specifically, it explores the challenges and opportunities encountered by local women business owners operating in the critical minerals sector. Drawing on field research from Ghana, the article demonstrates that the diverse identities of women involved in mining activities are crucial for effective Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices during the transition to critical minerals. Despite the historical significance of women in mining, sociocultural factors continue to shape their participation. Over time, various efforts have been made to meaningfully engage women in mining through research advancements and policy reforms. However, these have primarily centred on the mining workforce, overlooking the broader supply chain. This focus has obscured the complexities faced by women in large-scale mining operations, limiting approaches to addressing gender disparities within the sector. The findings suggest that enclavity presents unique obstacles for local women entrepreneurs in the critical minerals supply chain, impeding the prospects of achieving inclusive and sustained development. Yet, opportunities may exist, provided there is a robust understanding of enclavity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101753"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144922628","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0