{"title":"巴西产业政策的重新启动:稀土与之有何关系?","authors":"Manuel Mindreau","doi":"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101723","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the purpose of reverting the process of premature ‘de-industrialization’ suffered by the Brazilian economy in the previous decade, the Lula III administration has embarked on implementing a new industrial programme using a ‘mission-driven’ design. Several of the missions prioritised by <em>Nova Indústria Brasil</em>, officially announced in January 2024, will imply a greater demand for rare earths and other critical minerals necessary both for the energy and digital transitions, and the defence industry –integral components of the ‘neoindustrialisation’ objectives contemplated in the missions to be accomplished. Furthermore, in a setting of global great power rivalry and exacerbated supply chain failures, the quest for securing access to critical minerals away from China is offering Brazil, a country with large reserves of rare earths, additional prospects for linking production of these minerals to industrial policy. But how is the Federal Government responding to this opportunity for economic upgrading in its rare earths sector? The question will be examined by comparing Brazil’s attempts at strategic management of rare earths over the 2010–2025 period within the context of President Rousseff’s <em>Plano Brasil Maior</em>, the absence of industrial policy during the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations, and the recently launched <em>Nova Indústria Brasil</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47848,"journal":{"name":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","volume":"24 ","pages":"Article 101723"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The relaunching of industrial policy in Brazil: What have rare earths got to do with it?\",\"authors\":\"Manuel Mindreau\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.exis.2025.101723\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><div>With the purpose of reverting the process of premature ‘de-industrialization’ suffered by the Brazilian economy in the previous decade, the Lula III administration has embarked on implementing a new industrial programme using a ‘mission-driven’ design. Several of the missions prioritised by <em>Nova Indústria Brasil</em>, officially announced in January 2024, will imply a greater demand for rare earths and other critical minerals necessary both for the energy and digital transitions, and the defence industry –integral components of the ‘neoindustrialisation’ objectives contemplated in the missions to be accomplished. Furthermore, in a setting of global great power rivalry and exacerbated supply chain failures, the quest for securing access to critical minerals away from China is offering Brazil, a country with large reserves of rare earths, additional prospects for linking production of these minerals to industrial policy. But how is the Federal Government responding to this opportunity for economic upgrading in its rare earths sector? The question will be examined by comparing Brazil’s attempts at strategic management of rare earths over the 2010–2025 period within the context of President Rousseff’s <em>Plano Brasil Maior</em>, the absence of industrial policy during the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations, and the recently launched <em>Nova Indústria Brasil</em>.</div></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":47848,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal\",\"volume\":\"24 \",\"pages\":\"Article 101723\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2025-07-03\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"90\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X25001121\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"社会学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Extractive Industries and Society-An International Journal","FirstCategoryId":"90","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214790X25001121","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
为了恢复巴西经济在过去十年中遭受的过早的“去工业化”进程,卢拉三世政府已经开始实施一项新的工业计划,使用“使命驱动”的设计。Nova Indústria Brasil于2024年1月正式宣布的几项优先任务将意味着对能源和数字化转型以及国防工业所需的稀土和其他关键矿物的更大需求,这是要完成的任务中设想的“新工业化”目标的组成部分。此外,在全球大国竞争和供应链失灵加剧的背景下,寻求从中国获得关键矿产的途径,为巴西这个拥有大量稀土储量的国家提供了将这些矿产生产与产业政策联系起来的额外前景。但联邦政府如何应对稀土行业经济升级的机遇呢?这个问题将通过比较巴西在2010-2025年期间在罗塞夫总统的“巴西计划”(Plano Brasil Maior)、特梅尔和博尔索纳罗政府期间缺乏产业政策以及最近启动的Nova Indústria Brasil的背景下对稀土战略管理的尝试进行研究。
The relaunching of industrial policy in Brazil: What have rare earths got to do with it?
With the purpose of reverting the process of premature ‘de-industrialization’ suffered by the Brazilian economy in the previous decade, the Lula III administration has embarked on implementing a new industrial programme using a ‘mission-driven’ design. Several of the missions prioritised by Nova Indústria Brasil, officially announced in January 2024, will imply a greater demand for rare earths and other critical minerals necessary both for the energy and digital transitions, and the defence industry –integral components of the ‘neoindustrialisation’ objectives contemplated in the missions to be accomplished. Furthermore, in a setting of global great power rivalry and exacerbated supply chain failures, the quest for securing access to critical minerals away from China is offering Brazil, a country with large reserves of rare earths, additional prospects for linking production of these minerals to industrial policy. But how is the Federal Government responding to this opportunity for economic upgrading in its rare earths sector? The question will be examined by comparing Brazil’s attempts at strategic management of rare earths over the 2010–2025 period within the context of President Rousseff’s Plano Brasil Maior, the absence of industrial policy during the Temer and Bolsonaro administrations, and the recently launched Nova Indústria Brasil.