{"title":"Smart governance for sustainable development: Stage-specific effects and regional heterogeneity in a global empirical framework","authors":"Jing-hua Yin, Hai-Ying Song, Hui Zhu","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.013","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.013","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multiple frameworks have been used to explore the relationship between smart governance and sustainable development. However, three critical gaps persist: theoretical fragmentation, insufficient contextual analysis, and limited cross-country comparisons. Based on the triple-bottom-line theory and a dynamic coupling framework, this study systematically examines the staged evolutionary effects of smart governance on sustainable development and regional heterogeneity. Our hybrid research framework applies entropy-weighted comprehensive evaluation, feasible generalized least squares, and instrumental variable approaches to multi-source authoritative data from 159 countries spanning the period from 2003 to 2020. First, the results indicate that smart governance’s promoting effect increases with maturity. Second, the data reveal staged impacts. In the initial stage, hybrid governance drives economic growth, while in the middle stage, collaborative governance enhances institutional efficiency. In the long term, network governance reinforces climate action, while social equity remains inadequately addressed. Third, significant regional heterogeneity exists. Finally, mechanistically, smart governance operates through optimized business environments, improved institutional quality, and reduced climate vulnerability. However, its negative association with social trust highlights increased digital divide risks. This research provides dual perspectives on stage-specific adaptation and regional coordination for differentiated governance strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 43-61"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940380","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilson Peres , João Carlos Ferraz , Julia Torracca , Tatiana Fleming , Carolina Dias
{"title":"Green industrial policy: where from, where to?","authors":"Wilson Peres , João Carlos Ferraz , Julia Torracca , Tatiana Fleming , Carolina Dias","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This article investigates how the specialised literature has dealt with different dimensions of green industrial policies. For that, a quantitative bibliometric analysis is combined with a qualitative literature review. The quantitative study covers co-citation and co-occurrence patterns from 1,660 articles published in Scopus and Web of Science from 1976 to 2023. The qualitative approach examines the objectives, methodologies and policy proposals of 33 selected articles. The quantitative exercise searched for common threads and stands in the relevant literature on green industrial policy. From the qualitative approach the attempt is to unveil and understand how the relevant industrial policy issues were dealt with by a selected group of most cited authors.</div><div>The reviewed literature suggests that sustainability-bound policy challenges are specific to locations, sectors, technologies, and moments of time. In this sense, industrial policies would have to consider the peculiar features of different sustainability challenges, whether the nature of instruments being implemented are pertinent to these challenges, and the existing and potential State capabilities to effectively implement policy actions.</div><div>Two reflections can be derived from the analysis. Firstly, the idiosyncratic and comprehensiveness of sustainable challenges imply the inexistence of one ideal “green” industrial policy model. Secondly, the political economy of green industrial policies must be considered. The analysis of policy packages and directives, resource allocation and<del>/or</del> regulatory orientations should bring to fore the nature of favoured and neglected issues or actors and the possible disputes among them; the possible tensions and misalignments arising from interrelations among different pertinent executive agencies, and societal influences and interactions as public institutions are not insulated from the legitimate pressures exerted by relevant social actors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 285-301"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sharp instrument: A stab at identifying the causes of economic growth","authors":"Reda Cherif , Fuad Hasanov , Lichen Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.012","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.012","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We shed new light on the determinants of growth by tackling the blunt and weak instrument problems in the empirical growth literature. As an instrument for each endogenous variable, we propose average values of the same variable in neighboring countries. This method has the advantage of producing variable-specific and time-varying—namely, “sharp”—and strong instruments. We also introduce “bias norms” to test the sensitivity of the estimates to the potential invalidity of our instruments. The estimations show that export sophistication is a relatively robust determinant of growth compared to other standard growth determinants such as years of schooling, trade openness, private credit to the economy, and institutions as measured by law and order. Other growth determinants such as human capital quality and technological level of production may be important to the extent they help improve export sophistication.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 149-167"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Public data, market competition and resource misallocation","authors":"Xiaolong He , Zhuangxiong Yu , Yufan Liang","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.006","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.006","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper studies how public data platforms affect city-level capital–labor allocation. Using panel data for 280 prefecture-level cities from 2008–2022, we exploit their staggered rollout in a difference-in-differences design treating platform launches as content-side information shocks. We find that platform adoption reduces city-level factor misallocation by roughly 23 percent relative to the pre-reform mean. The results are robust across specifications and to addressing endogeneity concerns. Further, results from the mechanism analysis indicate that platform adoption reduces misallocation via market-competition channels, including greater firm entry, deeper venture capital investment, and larger international trade volumes. Moreover, the impact is stronger in cities with less administrative fragmentation, greater dialect diversity, or more rugged terrain. Finally, spatial-econometric models indicate positive spillovers to neighboring cities, suggesting cross-city diffusion of information and practices. Overall, the findings suggest that public data platform acts as a low-distortion policy tool to improve urban factor allocation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 110-122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ran Wang , Yang Zhou , Xiyuan Li , Bo Meng , Yunfeng Yan
{"title":"The third-country effects in carbon emissions transfer: Beyond the FDI home-host country perspective","authors":"Ran Wang , Yang Zhou , Xiyuan Li , Bo Meng , Yunfeng Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Multinational enterprises (MNEs) manufacture goods in foreign direct investment (FDI) host countries, catering not only to the needs of host and home countries but also fulfilling the demand of third countries. By introducing the concept of third countries, this study extends the decomposition framework of MNEs’ carbon emissions using an input-output model. This framework allows us to trace the flows of MNEs’ carbon emissions among host, home, and third countries, thereby depicting a more detailed network of MNEs’ emissions within global value chains. Our findings reveal that 25.9% of MNEs’ carbon emissions were exported to satisfy third countries’ final demand from 2000 to 2019. At the national and sectoral levels, great variation in the third-country effects exists. Countries with large domestic markets, such as the United States, China, and Japan, generally exhibit relatively smaller third-country effects. In contrast, small open economies like Singapore demonstrate much higher third-country effects, reaching 68.5%. Factors such as regional economic integration and weaker environmental regulations in host countries may also drive the growth of third-country effects. Further analysis indicates that under trade policy uncertainty, FDI relocation and subsequent exports to third countries would increase the global mitigation burden. Our study provides important insights for MNEs, host countries and policymakers to effectively mitigate MNE-related carbon emissions within global value chains.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 345-356"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Emission transfers of toxic chemical pollutants among NAFTA Countries: A structural change approach","authors":"Shigemi Kagawa , Shohei Tokito , Hidemichi Fujii , Shunsuke Okamoto , Fumiya Nagashima","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.017","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.017","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study develops a spatial structural decomposition analysis (SDA) to identify the drivers of toxic chemical emissions induced by global final demand. Focusing on the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) region, we analyze emissions of hundreds of toxic chemicals in the United States, Canada, and Mexico and examine whether trade growth from 2006 to 2014 increased regional emissions. The results reveal a rapid increase in the net transfer of toxic chemical emissions from the United States to Mexico, driven mainly by structural changes in bilateral trade. By 2014, these transfers accounted for 2.8 % of Mexico’s toxic chemical emissions triggered by global final demand. Critical pollution-intensive supply chain paths were identified, such as U.S. final consumption linked to paper manufacturing in Mexico. Strengthening the North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation through greener cross-border supply chain governance is therefore recommended.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 327-344"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146187930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manuela Cerimelo, Pablo de la Vega, Franco Vazquez, Natalia Porto
{"title":"Greener jobs, higher wages? The Latin American wage greenium","authors":"Manuela Cerimelo, Pablo de la Vega, Franco Vazquez, Natalia Porto","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.016","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.016","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We study the wage gap between those who are in green jobs and those who are not (the wage greenium), in nine major Latin American countries that account for 81% of the region’s GDP: Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. We contribute to the recent literature focused on developed countries that highlights a positive wage gap for those working in green jobs. We use the occupational approach to define green jobs and find that, in Latin America, they pay 15.8% more than non-green jobs. This result may be a desirable market feature, as workers might be encouraged to switch to greener occupations. In addition, we find that the wage greenium increases with the years of education, which suggests that workers with a medium or high educational level in green jobs are better off than their counterparts in non-green jobs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 77-92"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gabriel Lozano-Reina , Gregorio Sánchez-Marín , J. Samuel Baixauli-Soler
{"title":"Next Generation EU and industrial transformation: Evidence from Spain","authors":"Gabriel Lozano-Reina , Gregorio Sánchez-Marín , J. Samuel Baixauli-Soler","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2026.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Next Generation EU (NGEU) funds represent a large-scale public investment aimed at mitigating the economic impact of COVID-19 and advancing industrial modernization across the European Union. This study analyzes their early effects in Spain through three objectives: (i) to provide an integrated overview of the design and industrial orientation of the Spain Can Plan, including the role of Industrial Policy Spain 2030 and PERTEs as mission-oriented instruments; (ii) to examine the macro-level implementation of NGEU funds across strategic policy levers, beneficiaries, and regions; and (iii) to assess how sectoral patterns and firm-level characteristics shape the absorption of support. Evidence from the ELISA and SABI databases shows pronounced territorial and sectoral asymmetries, with energy-related and capital-intensive activities receiving a high share of resources. At the firm level, funding allocation is closely linked to pre-existing structural capabilities, whilst post-COVID financial indicators point to improvements in profitability, productivity, and financial stability. The study concludes with policy recommendations to strengthen Spain’s industrial modernization and its strategic positioning in the global economy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 123-136"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145978442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Climate-induced geopolitical risk and financial interdependence in Europe: A systemic transition perspective","authors":"Luigi Riso, Gianmarco Vacca, Maria Zoia","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.010","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.010","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In recent years, climate change has given cause for concern for the stability of the global economy, particularly financial stability. In this regard, its effects on the overall geopolitical set-up are also apparent. This work aims at disentangling the relationship among these three dimensions, via a streamlined set of econometric analyses. For Germany, France, Italy and Spain, the impact of extreme climate events on the geopolitical risk index is first investigated. The resulting climate-driven geopolitical risk is then related to each country’s financial stress index. The results that emerge from the empirical analysis highlight that the geopolitical risk induced by climate events plays a significant role in the financial stability of these countries. The impact of this type of risk turns out to depend on the specific territorial characteristics of the countries, as well as the peculiar policies and targeted measures to contain adverse climate events adopted by the various countries</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 23-42"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145886193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Automation and the risk of labor market exclusion across Europe","authors":"Fabio Lamperti , Davide Castellani","doi":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.014","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.strueco.2025.12.014","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Labor market exclusion represents a major concern in several European economies, particularly affecting highly exposed demographic groups. This paper examines the potential effect of automation technologies on the risk of being locked into protracted unemployment or inactivity, using Labour Force Survey data for the European Union 27 countries and the United Kingdom, between 2009 and 2019. Our study employs repeated cross-sections of individual-level data to compute probabilities of exclusion outcomes due to automation adoption, controlling for several individual, macroeconomic, and region-specific characteristics, and for potential selection mechanisms. Findings highlight that, on average, the adoption of new automation technologies is associated with a higher probability of being inactive. This is consistent with the view that automation may exacerbate job insecurity, psychological discouragement, and detachment from job-seeking. This relationship is heterogeneous across demographic groups, with younger individuals being relatively more affected.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":47829,"journal":{"name":"Structural Change and Economic Dynamics","volume":"77 ","pages":"Pages 62-76"},"PeriodicalIF":5.5,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145940382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}