Topics in Cognitive Science最新文献_第9页

How to Become a Memory: The Individual and Collective Aspects of Mnemicity. 如何成为记忆：记忆的个人和集体方面。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12646

Johannes B Mahr

{"title":"How to Become a Memory: The Individual and Collective Aspects of Mnemicity.","authors":"Johannes B Mahr","doi":"10.1111/tops.12646","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12646","url":null,"abstract":"Human adults distinguish their mental event simulations along various dimensions-most prominently according to their \"mnemicity\": we track whether these simulations are outcomes of past personal experiences or not (i.e., whether we are \"remembering\" or \"imagining\"). This distinction between memory and imagination is commonly thought to reflect a deep architectural distinction in the mind. Against this idea, I argue that mnemicity is not based on a fundamentalstructural difference between memories and imaginations but is instead the result of metacognitive attribution and social construction. On this attributional view, mnemicity is likely a uniquely human capacity that both serves collective functions and has been shaped by collective norms. First, on the individual level, mnemicity attribution is an outcome of metacognitive learning: it relies on acquired interpretations of the phenomenal features of mental event simulations. Such interpretations are in part acquired through interactive reminiscing with other community members. Further, how the distinction between memory and imagination is drawn is likely sensitive to cultural norms about what remembering is, when it is appropriate to claim to remember, what can be remembered, and what remembering entails. As a result, how individuals determine whether they remember or imagine is bound to be deeply enculturated. Second, mnemicity attribution solves an important collective challenge: who to grant epistemic authority about the past. Solving this challenge is important because-for humans-the past represents not just an opportunity to learn about the future but to coordinate present social realities. How a community determines such social realities both draws on individuals' remembering and in turn shapes when, what, and how individuals remember.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"225-240"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9696696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

By Design: How People Adapt to Cognitive Limitations in Politics. 设计：人们如何适应政治中的认知局限》（How People Adapt to Cognitive Limitations in Politics）。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-09-14 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12690

Arthur Lupia

引用次数: 0

The Collaborative Nature of Testimonial Learning. 证明学习的合作性质。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-13 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12707

Pearl Han Li, Erika R DeAngelis, Norwood Glaspie, Melissa A Koenig

引用次数: 0

The Emergence of Specialized Roles Within Groups. 群体内专业角色的出现。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-26 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12644

Robert L Goldstone, Edgar J Andrade-Lotero, Robert D Hawkins, Michael E Roberts

{"title":"The Emergence of Specialized Roles Within Groups.","authors":"Robert L Goldstone, Edgar J Andrade-Lotero, Robert D Hawkins, Michael E Roberts","doi":"10.1111/tops.12644","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12644","url":null,"abstract":"Humans routinely form groups to achieve goals that no individual can accomplish alone. Group coordination often brings to mind synchrony and alignment, where all individuals do the same thing (e.g., driving on the right side of the road, marching in lockstep, or playing musical instruments on a regular beat). Yet, effective coordination also typically involves differentiation, where specialized roles emerge for different members (e.g., prep stations in a kitchen or positions on an athletic team). Role specialization poses a challenge for computational models of group coordination, which have largely focused on achieving synchrony. Here, we present the CARMI framework, which characterizes role specialization processes in terms of five core features that we hope will help guide future model development: Communication, Adaptation to feedback, Repulsion, Multi-level planning, and Intention modeling. Although there are many paths to role formation, we suggest that roles emerge when each agent in a group dynamically allocates their behavior toward a shared goal to complement what they expect others to do. In other words, coordination concerns beliefs (who will do what) rather than simple actions. We describe three related experimental paradigms-\"Group Binary Search,\" \"Battles of the Exes,\" and \"Find the Unicorn\"-that we have used to study differentiation processes in the lab, each emphasizing different aspects of the CARMI framework.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"257-281"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10780696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Effects of Group Composition and Dynamics on Collective Performance. 群体构成和动力对集体绩效的影响。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12706

Abdullah Almaatouq, Mohammed Alsobay, Ming Yin, Duncan J Watts

{"title":"The Effects of Group Composition and Dynamics on Collective Performance.","authors":"Abdullah Almaatouq, Mohammed Alsobay, Ming Yin, Duncan J Watts","doi":"10.1111/tops.12706","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12706","url":null,"abstract":"As organizations gravitate to group-based structures, the problem of improving performance through judicious selection of group members has preoccupied scientists and managers alike. However, which individual attributes best predict group performance remains poorly understood. Here, we describe a preregistered experiment in which we simultaneously manipulated four widely studied attributes of group compositions: skill level, skill diversity, social perceptiveness, and cognitive style diversity. We find that while the average skill level of group members, skill diversity, and social perceptiveness are significant predictors of group performance, skill level dominates all other factors combined. Additionally, we explore the relationship between patterns of collaborative behavior and performance outcomes and find that any potential gains in solution quality from additional communication between the group members are outweighed by the overhead time cost, leading to lower overall efficiency. However, groups exhibiting more \"turn-taking\" behavior are considerably faster and thus more efficient. Finally, contrary to our expectation, we find that group compositional factors (i.e., skill level and social perceptiveness) are not associated with the amount of communication between group members nor turn-taking dynamics.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"302-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Enhanced Literate Mind Hypothesis. 增强识字能力假说。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12731

Falk Huettig, Jan Hulstijn

引用次数: 0

Extending the Architecture of Language From a Multimodal Perspective. 从多模态视角扩展语言架构

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12728

Peter Hagoort, Aslı Özyürek

引用次数: 0

Discourse Production Across the Adult Lifespan: Microlinguistic Processes. 跨越成人生命周期的话语生产：微观语言学过程。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12729

Hana Kim, Stephen Kintz

{"title":"Discourse Production Across the Adult Lifespan: Microlinguistic Processes.","authors":"Hana Kim, Stephen Kintz","doi":"10.1111/tops.12729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12729","url":null,"abstract":"Successful spoken discourse requires a speaker to be informative to deliver a coherent, meaningful message. The informativeness of discourse can be conveyed by the variety of vocabulary produced (i.e., lexical diversity [LD]), the typicality of vocabulary items used (i.e., core lexicon [CL]), and the amount of relevant content produced (i.e., information units). Yet, it is well documented that older adults produce less informative content compared to younger adults despite relatively subtle changes to LD. The typicality of core lexical items has not been assessed in healthy aging. Paradoxically, these results indicate that some aspects of discourse informativeness remain stable or even improve across the adult lifespan, while other aspects decline. The purpose of the current study is to understand how microlinguistic processes of informativeness change across the adult lifespan. The cross-sectional study included narrative language samples from two wordless picture books collected from 420 healthy participants between 20 and 89 years old. LD and percent of correct information units (%CIUs) were analyzed, as well as CL nouns and verbs. The results indicate that %CIUs and CL nouns demonstrate a quadratic decline starting around the ages of 40 and 60, respectively. LD shows a slight linear decline as a function of age. CL verbs are resistant to age-related changes but are influenced greater by education. The differing findings across the microlinguistic measures can be explained by the weakened connections within the language system and the differential characteristics of the measures. The findings contribute to the aging literature by systematically identifying the trajectory of how variables of informativeness change with age.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Effects of Rumination on Free Recall Using ACT-R. 使用 ACT-R 模拟反刍对自由回忆的影响。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12726

Anmol Gupta, Clemens Kaiser, Jonas Everaert, Marieke van Vugt, Partha P Roy

{"title":"Modeling Effects of Rumination on Free Recall Using ACT-R.","authors":"Anmol Gupta, Clemens Kaiser, Jonas Everaert, Marieke van Vugt, Partha P Roy","doi":"10.1111/tops.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12726","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminative thinking, characterized by a recurrent focus on negative and self-related thought, is a key cognitive vulnerability marker of depression and, therefore, a key individual difference variable. This study aimed to develop a computational cognitive model of rumination focusing on the organization and retrieval of information in memory, and how these mechanisms differ in individuals prone to rumination and individuals less prone to rumination. Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) was used to develop a rumination model by adding memory chunks with negative valence to the declarative memory. In addition, their strength of association was increased to simulate recurrent negative focus, thereby making it harder to disengage from. The ACT-R models were validated by comparing them against two empirical datasets containing data from control and depressed participants. Our general and ruminative models were able to recreate the benchmarks of free recall while matching the behavior exhibited by the control and the depressed participants, respectively. Our study shows that it is possible to build a computational theory of rumination that can accurately simulate the differences in free recall dynamics between control and depressed individuals. Such a model could enable a more fine-tuned investigation of underlying cognitive mechanisms of depression and potentially help to improve interventions by allowing them to more specifically target key mechanisms that instigate and maintain depression.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radical Collective Intelligence and the Reimagining of Cognitive Science 激进的集体智慧与认知科学的重新构想

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12727

Nathaniel Rabb, Steven A. Sloman

引用次数: 0