Topics in Cognitive Science最新文献_第7页

The Effects of Group Composition and Dynamics on Collective Performance. 群体构成和动力对集体绩效的影响。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-04-01 Epub Date: 2023-11-05 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12706

Abdullah Almaatouq, Mohammed Alsobay, Ming Yin, Duncan J Watts

{"title":"The Effects of Group Composition and Dynamics on Collective Performance.","authors":"Abdullah Almaatouq, Mohammed Alsobay, Ming Yin, Duncan J Watts","doi":"10.1111/tops.12706","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12706","url":null,"abstract":"As organizations gravitate to group-based structures, the problem of improving performance through judicious selection of group members has preoccupied scientists and managers alike. However, which individual attributes best predict group performance remains poorly understood. Here, we describe a preregistered experiment in which we simultaneously manipulated four widely studied attributes of group compositions: skill level, skill diversity, social perceptiveness, and cognitive style diversity. We find that while the average skill level of group members, skill diversity, and social perceptiveness are significant predictors of group performance, skill level dominates all other factors combined. Additionally, we explore the relationship between patterns of collaborative behavior and performance outcomes and find that any potential gains in solution quality from additional communication between the group members are outweighed by the overhead time cost, leading to lower overall efficiency. However, groups exhibiting more \"turn-taking\" behavior are considerably faster and thus more efficient. Finally, contrary to our expectation, we find that group compositional factors (i.e., skill level and social perceptiveness) are not associated with the amount of communication between group members nor turn-taking dynamics.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"302-321"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71487516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Enhanced Literate Mind Hypothesis. 增强识字能力假说。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-30 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12731

Falk Huettig, Jan Hulstijn

引用次数: 0

Extending the Architecture of Language From a Multimodal Perspective. 从多模态视角扩展语言架构

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-17 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12728

Peter Hagoort, Aslı Özyürek

引用次数: 0

Discourse Production Across the Adult Lifespan: Microlinguistic Processes. 跨越成人生命周期的话语生产：微观语言学过程。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12729

Hana Kim, Stephen Kintz

{"title":"Discourse Production Across the Adult Lifespan: Microlinguistic Processes.","authors":"Hana Kim, Stephen Kintz","doi":"10.1111/tops.12729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12729","url":null,"abstract":"Successful spoken discourse requires a speaker to be informative to deliver a coherent, meaningful message. The informativeness of discourse can be conveyed by the variety of vocabulary produced (i.e., lexical diversity [LD]), the typicality of vocabulary items used (i.e., core lexicon [CL]), and the amount of relevant content produced (i.e., information units). Yet, it is well documented that older adults produce less informative content compared to younger adults despite relatively subtle changes to LD. The typicality of core lexical items has not been assessed in healthy aging. Paradoxically, these results indicate that some aspects of discourse informativeness remain stable or even improve across the adult lifespan, while other aspects decline. The purpose of the current study is to understand how microlinguistic processes of informativeness change across the adult lifespan. The cross-sectional study included narrative language samples from two wordless picture books collected from 420 healthy participants between 20 and 89 years old. LD and percent of correct information units (%CIUs) were analyzed, as well as CL nouns and verbs. The results indicate that %CIUs and CL nouns demonstrate a quadratic decline starting around the ages of 40 and 60, respectively. LD shows a slight linear decline as a function of age. CL verbs are resistant to age-related changes but are influenced greater by education. The differing findings across the microlinguistic measures can be explained by the weakened connections within the language system and the differential characteristics of the measures. The findings contribute to the aging literature by systematically identifying the trajectory of how variables of informativeness change with age.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modeling Effects of Rumination on Free Recall Using ACT-R. 使用 ACT-R 模拟反刍对自由回忆的影响。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-13 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12726

Anmol Gupta, Clemens Kaiser, Jonas Everaert, Marieke van Vugt, Partha P Roy

{"title":"Modeling Effects of Rumination on Free Recall Using ACT-R.","authors":"Anmol Gupta, Clemens Kaiser, Jonas Everaert, Marieke van Vugt, Partha P Roy","doi":"10.1111/tops.12726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12726","url":null,"abstract":"Ruminative thinking, characterized by a recurrent focus on negative and self-related thought, is a key cognitive vulnerability marker of depression and, therefore, a key individual difference variable. This study aimed to develop a computational cognitive model of rumination focusing on the organization and retrieval of information in memory, and how these mechanisms differ in individuals prone to rumination and individuals less prone to rumination. Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational (ACT-R) was used to develop a rumination model by adding memory chunks with negative valence to the declarative memory. In addition, their strength of association was increased to simulate recurrent negative focus, thereby making it harder to disengage from. The ACT-R models were validated by comparing them against two empirical datasets containing data from control and depressed participants. Our general and ruminative models were able to recreate the benchmarks of free recall while matching the behavior exhibited by the control and the depressed participants, respectively. Our study shows that it is possible to build a computational theory of rumination that can accurately simulate the differences in free recall dynamics between control and depressed individuals. Such a model could enable a more fine-tuned investigation of underlying cognitive mechanisms of depression and potentially help to improve interventions by allowing them to more specifically target key mechanisms that instigate and maintain depression.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140121039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radical Collective Intelligence and the Reimagining of Cognitive Science 激进的集体智慧与认知科学的重新构想

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-03-12 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12727

Nathaniel Rabb, Steven A. Sloman

引用次数: 0

From Cognitive Agents to Cognitive Systems: Theoretical, Methodological, and Empirical Developments of van Gelder's (1998) "Dynamical Hypothesis". 从认知代理到认知系统：从认知代理到认知系统：van Gelder（1998 年）"动态假说 "的理论、方法和实证发展。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12725

Tri D Nguyen, Corey M Magaldino, Jayci T Landfair, Polemnia G Amazeen, Eric L Amazeen

{"title":"From Cognitive Agents to Cognitive Systems: Theoretical, Methodological, and Empirical Developments of van Gelder's (1998) \"Dynamical Hypothesis\".","authors":"Tri D Nguyen, Corey M Magaldino, Jayci T Landfair, Polemnia G Amazeen, Eric L Amazeen","doi":"10.1111/tops.12725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12725","url":null,"abstract":"Over two decades have passed since the publication of van Gelder's (1998) \"dynamical hypothesis.\" In that paper, van Gelder proposed that cognitive agents were not digital computers-per the representational computational approach-but dynamical systems. The evolution of the dynamical hypothesis was driven by parallel advances in three areas. Theoretically, a deeper understanding of genetics, biology, neuroscience, and cognitive science inspired questions about how systems within each domain dynamically interact and extend their effects across spatiotemporal scales. Methodologically, more sophisticated and domain-general tools allowed researchers to discover, model, and quantify system dynamics, structure, and patterns across multiple scales to generate a more comprehensive system-level understanding of behaviors. Empirically, we can analyze a system's behavior while preserving its natural dynamics, revealing evidence that the reductionist approach leads to an incomplete understanding of the components and the overall system. Researchers have traditionally reduced a complex system into its component processes and assumed that the parts can be recombined to explain the whole. These three advances fundamentally altered our understanding of a \"cognitive agent:\" How their behaviors are driven by long-range coordination across multiple processes, how the interdependent and nested structure of interacting variables produces behaviors that are greater than the sum of its parts, and how environmental constraints shape adaptive yet stable behavioral patterns.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139941028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Role of Gesture in Language Development for Neurotypical Children and Children With or at Increased Likelihood of Autism. 手势在神经畸形儿童和自闭症儿童的语言发展中的作用。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12723

Boin Choi, Meredith L Rowe

引用次数: 0

The Interaction of Linguistic and Visual Cues for the Processing of Case in Russian by Russian-German Bilinguals: An Eye Tracking Study. 俄德双语者处理俄语案例时语言和视觉线索的相互作用：眼动跟踪研究

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12724

Serge Minor, Natalia Mitrofanova, Marit Westergaard

{"title":"The Interaction of Linguistic and Visual Cues for the Processing of Case in Russian by Russian-German Bilinguals: An Eye Tracking Study.","authors":"Serge Minor, Natalia Mitrofanova, Marit Westergaard","doi":"10.1111/tops.12724","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12724","url":null,"abstract":"Modulation of visual attention in the Visual World Paradigm relies on parallel processing of linguistic and visual information. Previous studies have argued that the human linguistic capacity includes an aspect of anticipation of upcoming material. Such anticipation can be triggered by both lexical and grammatical/morphosyntactic cues. In this study, we investigated the relationship between comprehension and prediction by testing how subtle changes in visual representations can affect the processing of grammatical case cues in Russian by Russian-German bilingual children (n = 49, age 8-13). The linguistic manipulation followed previous designs, contrasting SVO and OVS sentences, where the first NP (NP1) was marked with nominative or accusative case, respectively. Three types of visual displays were compared: (i) individual referents (potential agent/theme); (ii) pairs of referents (NP1 + potential agent/theme); and (iii) events (representing interactions between the referents). Participants were significantly more sensitive to the case manipulation when presented with events compared to the other two types of visual display. This suggests that they were able to quickly integrate the thematic role information signaled by grammatical case in the event representations. However, they were less likely to use the case information to anticipate upcoming arguments when the target pictures represented individual referents or pairs of noninteracting referents. We hypothesize that the process of argument anticipation is mediated by the activation of syntactic templates (SVO or OSV, depending on the case marking on NP1). The relatively weak anticipation effect observed may be attributed to the absence, or weak representation, of the noncanonical OVS template in the bilingual children's long-term memory.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139913763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Individual Differences: A Case for Measuring Children's Spontaneous Gesture Production as a Predictor of Learning From Gesture Instruction. 探索个体差异：将测量儿童的自发手势作为预测手势教学学习效果的一个案例。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12722

Eliza L Congdon, Miriam A Novack, Elizabeth M Wakefield

{"title":"Exploring Individual Differences: A Case for Measuring Children's Spontaneous Gesture Production as a Predictor of Learning From Gesture Instruction.","authors":"Eliza L Congdon, Miriam A Novack, Elizabeth M Wakefield","doi":"10.1111/tops.12722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12722","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of research have established that learners benefit when instruction includes hand gestures. This benefit is seen when learners watch an instructor gesture, as well as when they are taught or encouraged to gesture themselves. However, there is substantial individual variability with respect to this phenomenon-not all individuals benefit equally from gesture instruction. In the current paper, we explore the sources of this variability. First, we review the existing research on individual differences that do or do not predict learning from gesture instruction, including differences that are either context-dependent (linked to the particular task at hand) or context-independent (linked to the learner across multiple tasks). Next, we focus on one understudied measure of individual difference: the learner's own spontaneous gesture rate. We present data showing rates of \"non-gesturers\" across a number of studies and we provide theoretical motivation for why this is a fruitful area for future research. We end by suggesting ways in which research on individual differences will help gesture researchers to further refine existing theories and develop specific predictions about targeted gesture intervention for all kinds of learners.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0