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Teachers' Gestures and How They Matter. 教师的手势及其重要性。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-14 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12755
R Breckinridge Church, Michelle Perry, Melissa A Singer, Susan Wagner Cook, Martha Wagner Alibali
{"title":"Teachers' Gestures and How They Matter.","authors":"R Breckinridge Church, Michelle Perry, Melissa A Singer, Susan Wagner Cook, Martha Wagner Alibali","doi":"10.1111/tops.12755","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12755","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>How do teachers' gestures influence students' learning? This article reviews research investigating the role of gestures in communication, focusing on teachers' communication with their students, primarily in mathematics and science instruction. We first briefly consider gesture's role in communication more generally as a backdrop for considering teaching as a special context for communication. We then describe teachers' spontaneous gesturing in teaching contexts, and we consider how teachers' spontaneous gestures might influence students' learning. We then consider experimental studies that provide causal support for the effects of teachers' gestures on students' learning. We conclude by discussing future directions and implications for educational practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142477787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Mind Hidden in Our Hands. 藏在我们手中的心灵
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12756
Susan Goldin-Meadow
{"title":"The Mind Hidden in Our Hands.","authors":"Susan Goldin-Meadow","doi":"10.1111/tops.12756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.12756","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Our hands are always with us and are used for communication all over the world. When children do not have an established language model to learn from, they use their hands to gesture, and these gestures take on the forms of language. In this role, the hands reveal the fundamental properties of the mind that give shape to language. When children do learn an established language, they again use their hands to gesture. These gestures do not look like language but form an integrated system with language. In this role, the hands can convey ideas not found in the language they accompany. In both contexts, gesture provides a clear view of the mind hidden in our hands.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142406947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Brief Overview of Research into the Forgot-It-All-Along Effect. 遗忘曲线效应研究概述。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-05 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12670
Kristine Anthony, Steve M J Janssen
{"title":"A Brief Overview of Research into the Forgot-It-All-Along Effect.","authors":"Kristine Anthony, Steve M J Janssen","doi":"10.1111/tops.12670","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12670","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>People often have difficulties remembering prior episodes of remembering, a phenomenon known as the forgot-it-all-along (FIA) effect. Although the effect was first discovered among victims of spontaneously recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse, laboratory paradigms of the FIA have shown that difficulties in remembering \"remembering\" can be elicited when the memory was previously recalled in a different context. Although much attention has been paid to establishing the robustness of the FIA phenomenon, little emphasis has been placed on the cognitive mechanisms underlying the effect. The goal of the present review is, therefore, to organize the literature surrounding the FIA effect and to discuss cognitive mechanisms that may explain the effect: source monitoring errors, the Encoding Specificity principle, and dating inaccuracies. By providing a brief overview of the literature surrounding the FIA phenomenon, this review can serve as a guide for how future studies may approach the FIA effect in the context of recovered memories.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"675-690"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9929551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Did Dissociative Amnesia Evolve? 分离性健忘症是演变而来的吗？
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-21 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12655
Lawrence Patihis
{"title":"Did Dissociative Amnesia Evolve?","authors":"Lawrence Patihis","doi":"10.1111/tops.12655","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12655","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dissociative amnesia is a diagnosis category that implies a proposed mechanism (often called dissociation) by which amnesia is caused by psychogenic means, such as trauma, and that amnesia is reversible later. Dissociative amnesia is listed in some of the most influential diagnostic manuals. Authors have noted the similarities in definition to repressed memories. Dissociative amnesia is a disputed category and phenomenon, and here I discuss the plausibility that this cognitive mechanism evolved. I discuss some general conditions by which cognitive functions will evolve, that is, the relatively continuous adaptive pressure by which a cognitive ability would clearly be adaptive if variation produced it. I discuss how adaptive gene mutations typically spread from one individual to the whole species. The article also discusses a few hypothetical scenarios and several types of trauma, to examine the likely adaptive benefits of blocking out memories of trauma, or not. I conclude that it is unlikely that dissociative amnesia evolved, and invite further development of these ideas and scenarios by others.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"608-615"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9665123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Suppression and Memory for Childhood Traumatic Events: Trauma Symptoms and Non-Disclosure. 童年创伤事件的抑制与记忆：创伤症状与不披露。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-06-23 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12667
Yuerui Wu, Dana Hartman, Yan Wang, Deborah Goldfarb, Gail S Goodman
{"title":"Suppression and Memory for Childhood Traumatic Events: Trauma Symptoms and Non-Disclosure.","authors":"Yuerui Wu, Dana Hartman, Yan Wang, Deborah Goldfarb, Gail S Goodman","doi":"10.1111/tops.12667","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12667","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Self-reported lost memory of child sexual abuse (CSA) can be mistaken for \"repressed memory.\" Based on our longitudinal studies of memory and disclosure in child maltreatment victims who are now adults, we discuss findings relevant to \"repressed memory cases.\" We examined relations between self-report of temporarily lost memory of CSA (subjective forgetting) and memory accuracy for maltreatment-related experiences (objective memory). Across two studies involving separate samples, we find evidence for memory suppression rather than repression: (1) Most adults who claimed temporary lost memory of CSA reported memory suppression and clarified that they could have remembered the event if asked; (2) subjective forgetting was positively associated with accurate objective memory for maltreatment-related experiences. Subjective forgetting was also related to increased adult trauma symptoms and related to childhood non-disclosure of CSA. Moreover, trauma-related psychopathology mediated the relation between non-disclosure and subjective forgetting. Implications for psychological theory and repressed memory cases are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"718-730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9679372","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
What the Acute Stress Response Suggests about Memory. 急性压力反应对记忆的启示
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-05-18 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12664
Ayanna K Thomas, Alia N Wulff
{"title":"What the Acute Stress Response Suggests about Memory.","authors":"Ayanna K Thomas, Alia N Wulff","doi":"10.1111/tops.12664","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12664","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research suggests that stress has immediate and long-term effects on attention and memory. Rather than disrupting memory formation and consolidation, acute stress has been shown to shift attention processes resulting in a tradeoff between prioritized and nonprioritized information. Both arousal and stress result in cognitive and neurobiological shifts that often support memory formation. When an acute stressor occurs, it can distort immediate attentional focus, increasing processing for high-priority features while reducing processing for extraneous features. The downstream cognitive consequences for this shift in attention are better memory for some features and poorer memory for others when compared to conditions of low stress. However, individual differences (e.g., sex, age, basal stress response, and stress reactivity) all impact the relationship between the acute stress response and memory. Although acute stress generally benefits memory formation, we suggest that forgetting and later recovery of stressful memories can better be understood by examining factors that influence the subjective experience of stress and stress reactivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"691-706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9489280","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Dissociative Amnesia? It Might be Organic Memory Loss! 分离性失忆症？可能是有机记忆丧失！
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-02-02 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12640
Marko Jelicic
{"title":"Dissociative Amnesia? It Might be Organic Memory Loss!","authors":"Marko Jelicic","doi":"10.1111/tops.12640","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12640","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article discusses the possibility of practitioners who mistake organic memory loss for dissociative amnesia. It starts with the case of a young man with complete retrograde amnesia due to a traumatic head injury. Because he did not show any gross neurological abnormalities, a neurologist thought his amnesia had a psychological origin. An extensive neuropsychological examination revealed that the man did have an organic reason for his amnesia. Next, the existence of dissociative memory loss as well as isolated organic retrograde amnesia is considered. While cases of organic memory loss are well-documented, there is hardly any evidence for dissociative amnesia. It is argued that organic memory loss might be mistakenly taken for dissociative amnesia. In line with the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, practitioners are advised to rule out the possibility of organic memory loss, before diagnosing a patient with dissociative amnesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"770-776"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10643451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Return of Repression? Evidence From Cognitive Psychology. 压抑的回归？来自认知心理学的证据
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2023-01-11 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12638
Richard J McNally
{"title":"The Return of Repression? Evidence From Cognitive Psychology.","authors":"Richard J McNally","doi":"10.1111/tops.12638","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12638","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The controversy over alleged repressed and recovered memories of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) was among the most contentious ever to embroil psychology and psychiatry. Adapting paradigms from cognitive psychology, my research group tested hypotheses pertinent to repressed memory and false memory interpretations of recovered memories. We tested adults who: (1) report recovering memories of CSA after not having thought about their abuse for years; (2) report never having forgotten their CSA; (3) believe they harbor \"repressed\" memories of CSA; and (4) deny having been sexually abused. We tested hypotheses about mechanisms that might figure in the inability to recall memories of one's abuse and those that might render one susceptible to developing false memories of abuse. The purpose of this article is to summarize this work. Finally, I draw on the work of Lionel Penrose to speculate about why the popularity of the concept of repressed memories of trauma-or its synonym, dissociative amnesia for trauma-may be rising today.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"661-674"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10515829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Beyond Repressed Memory: Current Alternative Solutions to the Controversy. 超越压抑记忆：当前争议的替代解决方案。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12754
Olivier Dodier, Henry Otgaar, Ivan Mangiulli
{"title":"Beyond Repressed Memory: Current Alternative Solutions to the Controversy.","authors":"Olivier Dodier, Henry Otgaar, Ivan Mangiulli","doi":"10.1111/tops.12754","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12754","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Debates surrounding the origin of recovered memories of child abuse have traditionally focused on two conflicting arguments, namely that these memories are either false memories or instances of repressed memories (i.e., reflecting the idea that people can unconsciously block traumatic autobiographical experiences and eventually regain access). While scientific evidence for the first is clearly established, the second is the subject of a controversy in the academic, clinical, and legal fields. This controversy rages on today. In this introductory article to our topic \"Beyond Repressed Memory: Current Alternative Solutions to the Controversy,\" we present alternative and more parsimonious explanations for repressed memories that we sorted into three categories: cognitive, motivational, and biological factors. Our aim is to provide a timely overview to help clinical and legal professionals, academics, and the general public to move beyond the idea that traumatic memories can be unconsciously repressed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"574-589"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142337035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Repressed Memories (of Sexual Abuse Against Minors) and Statutes of Limitations in Europe: Status Quo and Possible Alternatives. 欧洲的（对未成年人性虐待的）压抑记忆和诉讼时效：现状和可能的替代方案》。
IF 2.9 2区 心理学
Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-31 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12715
Driek Deferme, Henry Otgaar, Olivier Dodier, André Körner, Ivan Mangiulli, Harald Merckelbach, Melanie Sauerland, Michele Panzavolta, Elizabeth F Loftus
{"title":"Repressed Memories (of Sexual Abuse Against Minors) and Statutes of Limitations in Europe: Status Quo and Possible Alternatives.","authors":"Driek Deferme, Henry Otgaar, Olivier Dodier, André Körner, Ivan Mangiulli, Harald Merckelbach, Melanie Sauerland, Michele Panzavolta, Elizabeth F Loftus","doi":"10.1111/tops.12715","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12715","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>One of the most heated debates in psychological science concerns the concept of repressed memory. We discuss how the debate on repressed memories continues to surface in legal settings, sometimes even to suggest avenues of legal reform. In the past years, several European countries have extended or abolished the statute of limitations for the prosecution of sexual crimes. Such statutes force legal actions (e.g., prosecution of sexual abuse) to be applied within a certain period of time. One of the reasons for the changes in statutes of limitations concerns the idea of repressed memory. We argue that from a psychological standpoint, these law reforms can be detrimental, particularly when they are done to endorse unfounded psychological theories. The validity of testimonies is compromised many years after the alleged facts, and abolishing the statute of limitations increases the chance that even more (false) recovered memories of abuse might enter the courtroom. We propose solutions to these changes such as establishing an independent expert committee evaluating claims of sexual abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"630-643"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139651923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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