Topics in Cognitive Science最新文献_第2页

Medical Recipes in Early Medieval English: A Cultural Linguistic Perspective on the Cognition of Health and Illness. 中世纪早期英语的医方：健康与疾病认知的文化语言学视角。

IF 2.9 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/tops.70015

Penelope Scott

{"title":"Medical Recipes in Early Medieval English: A Cultural Linguistic Perspective on the Cognition of Health and Illness.","authors":"Penelope Scott","doi":"10.1111/tops.70015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/tops.70015","url":null,"abstract":"The Old English medical text, Bald's Leechbook, represents the most comprehensive medical treatise written in the vernacular. Book 1 is arranged broadly in the order of head to foot, presenting herbal recipes alongside occasional comments on their efficacy, details of the symptoms and etiology of illnesses. Though in a minority, several recipes involving magic, religion, and symbolism appear. This text provides evidence of cultural views on health and illness, such as the humoral theory of disease etiology, as well as ideas reflecting common human cognitive tendencies, such as the belief in the power of words. The recipes also reveal herbal knowledge, as well as schemas for recipe preparation. This article brings a novel perspective to the text by examining the construction of medical recipes in terms of cognition and culture. It considers how language reflects and directs attentional focus and what this shows about the structure of medical knowledge, including what is considered to be valuable knowledge as well as assumed information. As the text reflects the medical practice of Early Medieval English physicians, this Cultural Linguistic analysis demonstrates how an understanding of language and cognition in historical texts can shine some light on knowledge structures in distinct historical periods.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144643837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Validating Silent Gesture Lab Studies in a Naturally Emerging Sign Language: How Order is Used to Describe Intensional Versus Extensional Events in Nicaraguan Sign Language. 验证自然发展手语中的无声手势实验室研究：尼加拉瓜手语中如何使用顺序来描述内向事件与外向事件。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-27 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12751

Molly Flaherty, Marieke Schouwstra

{"title":"Validating Silent Gesture Lab Studies in a Naturally Emerging Sign Language: How Order is Used to Describe Intensional Versus Extensional Events in Nicaraguan Sign Language.","authors":"Molly Flaherty, Marieke Schouwstra","doi":"10.1111/tops.12751","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12751","url":null,"abstract":"Languages are neither designed in classrooms nor drawn from dictionaries-they are products of human minds and human interactions. However, it is challenging to understand how structure grows in these circumstances because generations of use and transmission shape and reshape the structure of the languages themselves. Laboratory studies on language emergence investigate the origins of language structure by requiring participants, prevented from using their own natural language(s), to create a novel communication system and then transmit it to others. Because the participants in these lab studies are already speakers of a language, it is easy to question the relevance of lab-based findings to the creation of natural language systems. Here, we take the findings from a lab-based language emergence paradigm and test whether the same pattern is also found in a new natural language: Nicaraguan Sign Language. We find evidence that signers of Nicaraguan Sign Language may show the same biases seen in lab-based language emergence studies: (1) they appear to condition word order based on the semantic dimension of intensionality and extensionality, and (2) they adjust this conditioning to satisfy language-internal order constraints. Our study adds to the small, but growing literature testing the relevance of lab-based studies to natural language birth, and provides convincing evidence that the biases seen in the lab play a role in shaping a brand new language.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"609-624"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142082188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Mind Hidden in Our Hands. 藏在我们手中的心灵

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12756

Susan Goldin-Meadow

引用次数: 0

Resource-Rational Virtual Bargaining for Moral Judgment: Toward a Probabilistic Cognitive Model. 资源理性虚拟讨价还价的道德判断：一个概率认知模型。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-01-19 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12781

Diego Trujillo, Mindy Zhang, Tan Zhi-Xuan, Joshua B Tenenbaum, Sydney Levine

{"title":"Resource-Rational Virtual Bargaining for Moral Judgment: Toward a Probabilistic Cognitive Model.","authors":"Diego Trujillo, Mindy Zhang, Tan Zhi-Xuan, Joshua B Tenenbaum, Sydney Levine","doi":"10.1111/tops.12781","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12781","url":null,"abstract":"Recent theoretical work has argued that moral psychology can be understood through the lens of \"resource rational contractualism.\" The view posits that the best way of making a decision that affects other people is to get everyone together to negotiate under idealized conditions. The outcome of that negotiation is an arrangement (or \"contract\") that would lead to mutual benefit. However, this ideal is seldom (if ever) practical given the resource demands (time, information, computational processing power) that are required. Instead, the theory proposes that moral psychology is organized around a series of resource-rational approximations of the contractualist ideal, efficiently trading off between more resource-intensive, accurate mechanisms and less. This paper presents empirical evidence and a cognitive model that test a central claim of this view: when the stakes of the situation are high, then more resource-intensive processes are engaged over more approximate ones. We present subjects with a case that can be judged using virtual bargaining-a resource-intensive process that involves simulating what two people would agree to-or by simply following a standard rule. We find that about a third of our participants use the resource-rational approach, flexibly switching to virtual bargaining in high-stakes situations, but deploying the simple rule when stakes are low. A third of the participants are best modeled as consistently using the strict rule-based approach and the remaining third as consistently using virtual bargaining. A model positing the reverse resource-rational hypothesis (that participants use more resource-intensive mechanisms in lower stakes situations) fails to capture the data.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"713-738"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143013986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Exploring Individual Differences: A Case for Measuring Children's Spontaneous Gesture Production as a Predictor of Learning From Gesture Instruction. 探索个体差异：将测量儿童的自发手势作为预测手势教学学习效果的一个案例。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-29 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12722

Eliza L Congdon, Miriam A Novack, Elizabeth M Wakefield

{"title":"Exploring Individual Differences: A Case for Measuring Children's Spontaneous Gesture Production as a Predictor of Learning From Gesture Instruction.","authors":"Eliza L Congdon, Miriam A Novack, Elizabeth M Wakefield","doi":"10.1111/tops.12722","DOIUrl":"10.1111/tops.12722","url":null,"abstract":"Decades of research have established that learners benefit when instruction includes hand gestures. This benefit is seen when learners watch an instructor gesture, as well as when they are taught or encouraged to gesture themselves. However, there is substantial individual variability with respect to this phenomenon-not all individuals benefit equally from gesture instruction. In the current paper, we explore the sources of this variability. First, we review the existing research on individual differences that do or do not predict learning from gesture instruction, including differences that are either context-dependent (linked to the particular task at hand) or context-independent (linked to the learner across multiple tasks). Next, we focus on one understudied measure of individual difference: the learner's own spontaneous gesture rate. We present data showing rates of \"non-gesturers\" across a number of studies and we provide theoretical motivation for why this is a fruitful area for future research. We end by suggesting ways in which research on individual differences will help gesture researchers to further refine existing theories and develop specific predictions about targeted gesture intervention for all kinds of learners.","PeriodicalId":47822,"journal":{"name":"Topics in Cognitive Science","volume":" ","pages":"569-585"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139571625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Distributional Semantics: Meaning Through Culture and Interaction. 分布语义学：通过文化和互动获得意义

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12771

Pablo Contreras Kallens, Morten H Christiansen

引用次数: 0

Reflections on David E. Rumelhart and the Rumelhart Prize. 对大卫·e·鲁默哈特和鲁默哈特奖的反思。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/tops.70016

James L McClelland

引用次数: 0

Introduction to topiCS Volume 17, Issue 3. 主题介绍第17卷，第3期。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2025-07-15 DOI: 10.1111/tops.70017

Andrea Bender

引用次数: 0

Exploring the Emotional Functions of Co-Speech Hand Gesture in Language and Communication. 共语手势在语言与交际中的情感功能探讨。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2023-04-28 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12657

Spencer D Kelly, Quang-Anh Ngo Tran

引用次数: 0

The Role of Gesture in Language Development for Neurotypical Children and Children With or at Increased Likelihood of Autism. 手势在神经畸形儿童和自闭症儿童的语言发展中的作用。

IF 3 2区心理学

Topics in Cognitive Science Pub Date : 2025-07-01 Epub Date: 2024-02-21 DOI: 10.1111/tops.12723

Boin Choi, Meredith L Rowe

引用次数: 0