Validating Silent Gesture Lab Studies in a Naturally Emerging Sign Language: How Order is Used to Describe Intensional Versus Extensional Events in Nicaraguan Sign Language.

IF 2.9 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL
Molly Flaherty, Marieke Schouwstra
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引用次数: 0

Abstract

Languages are neither designed in classrooms nor drawn from dictionaries-they are products of human minds and human interactions. However, it is challenging to understand how structure grows in these circumstances because generations of use and transmission shape and reshape the structure of the languages themselves. Laboratory studies on language emergence investigate the origins of language structure by requiring participants, prevented from using their own natural language(s), to create a novel communication system and then transmit it to others. Because the participants in these lab studies are already speakers of a language, it is easy to question the relevance of lab-based findings to the creation of natural language systems. Here, we take the findings from a lab-based language emergence paradigm and test whether the same pattern is also found in a new natural language: Nicaraguan Sign Language. We find evidence that signers of Nicaraguan Sign Language may show the same biases seen in lab-based language emergence studies: (1) they appear to condition word order based on the semantic dimension of intensionality and extensionality, and (2) they adjust this conditioning to satisfy language-internal order constraints. Our study adds to the small, but growing literature testing the relevance of lab-based studies to natural language birth, and provides convincing evidence that the biases seen in the lab play a role in shaping a brand new language.

验证自然发展手语中的无声手势实验室研究:尼加拉瓜手语中如何使用顺序来描述内向事件与外向事件。
语言既不是在课堂上设计出来的,也不是从字典中抽取出来的--它们是人类思维和人类互动的产物。然而,要了解语言结构是如何在这种情况下发展起来的,却是一件具有挑战性的事情,因为几代人的使用和传承塑造并重塑了语言本身的结构。有关语言出现的实验室研究通过要求参与者在无法使用自己的自然语言的情况下创造一种新的交流系统,然后将其传递给他人,从而研究语言结构的起源。由于这些实验室研究的参与者已经会说一种语言,因此很容易让人质疑实验室研究结果与创建自然语言系统的相关性。在这里,我们将从基于实验室的语言出现范例中得出结论,并测试在一种新的自然语言中是否也能发现相同的模式:尼加拉瓜手语。我们发现有证据表明,尼加拉瓜手语的手语者可能会表现出与实验室语言出现研究中相同的偏差:(1)他们似乎会根据内向性和外向性的语义维度来调节词序,(2)他们会调整这种调节以满足语言内部的词序限制。我们的研究为检验基于实验室的研究与自然语言诞生的相关性的少量但不断增长的文献增添了新的内容,并提供了令人信服的证据,证明实验室中出现的偏差在形成一种全新语言的过程中发挥了作用。
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来源期刊
Topics in Cognitive Science
Topics in Cognitive Science PSYCHOLOGY, EXPERIMENTAL-
CiteScore
8.50
自引率
10.00%
发文量
52
期刊介绍: Topics in Cognitive Science (topiCS) is an innovative new journal that covers all areas of cognitive science including cognitive modeling, cognitive neuroscience, cognitive anthropology, and cognitive science and philosophy. topiCS aims to provide a forum for: -New communities of researchers- New controversies in established areas- Debates and commentaries- Reflections and integration The publication features multiple scholarly papers dedicated to a single topic. Some of these topics will appear together in one issue, but others may appear across several issues or develop into a regular feature. Controversies or debates started in one issue may be followed up by commentaries in a later issue, etc. However, the format and origin of the topics will vary greatly.
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