{"title":"Siblings as ethnic-racial socialization agents: A call for research.","authors":"Chang Su-Russell, Laura J Finan","doi":"10.1002/cad.20476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20476","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Research illustrating the adverse impact of discrimination and the increasing ethnic and racial diversity in the United States has resulted in a substantial body of work examining risk and protective factors for marginalized and ethnic and racial minority individuals. One factor that has received considerable attention over the past several decades is ethnic-racial socialization (ERS). Extant empirical research on ERS has heavily focused on parents, especially mothers, as socialization agents. What is noticeably missing from this literature is the potentially important roles of siblings as salient ERS agents. After briefly illustrating the focus of past research on parents as ERS agents, we review the theoretical justification for studying siblings in the ERS process and the very limited research on siblings' role in ERS-related processes. We close with a discussion of the important considerations for future researchers investigating sibling ERS.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40580573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association of environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate with overweight/obesity and central obesity among children and adolescents in the United States of America using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016.","authors":"Qi Jiang, Qin Li","doi":"10.1002/cad.20487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The association of overweight/obesity, and central obesity with thiocyanate (SCN), perchlorate (CIO), and nitrate (NO) in childhood and adolescence is unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to explore this association in 4447 participants comprising children and adolescents (aged 6-19 years) using data from the United States National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016. SCN level was positively associated with overweight/obesity in both children and adolescents, while CIO level was negatively associated with overweight/obesity only in children; however, no significant association was found for NO level. Similar associations were found between SCN level and central obesity. Thus, our results suggest that SCN exposure was associated with overweight/obesity and central obesity in both children and adolescents, while a negative association was observed for CIO in children. Strategies to monitor the exposure levels and the mechanisms underlying the relationship between exposure and the weight parameters are recommended.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10091814/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9296338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vo T P Hong, Nguyen Hong An, Tran T P Thao, Le N Thao, Nguyen Minh Thanh
{"title":"Behavior problems reduce academic outcomes among primary students: A moderated mediation of parental burnout and parents' self-compassion.","authors":"Vo T P Hong, Nguyen Hong An, Tran T P Thao, Le N Thao, Nguyen Minh Thanh","doi":"10.1002/cad.20482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20482","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The present study examines the mediating role of parental burnout in the relationship between students' behavior problems and academic outcomes and whether this mediating process is moderated by parents' self-compassion (PSC). This study was designed according to a cross-sectional study model, and includes 821 Vietnamese primary students (Mage = 9.98, SD = 0.889) completing behavior problems questionnaires. The parents completed parental burnout and the PSC questionnaires. The school office reported academic outcomes. Main findings include: (1) Student's behavior problems have a direct negative influence on academic outcomes; (2) the mediating role of parental burnout was significant; (3) the moderating role of PSC was also significant. This study suggests that students' behavior problems increase parental burnout, reducing academic outcomes. Next, higher self-compassion protected parents from the negative effect of children's behavior problems. The results of this study are meaningful for developing interventions, which help improve parents' mental health and children's positive outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40356748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Prospective associations between mothers' and fathers' parenting styles and adolescents' moral values: Stability and specificity by parent style and adolescent gender.","authors":"Marc H Bornstein, Jing Yu, Diane L Putnick","doi":"10.1002/cad.20488","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cad.20488","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study coordinates moral value development in adolescence, parenting style, and gender with issues of stability and specificity. The primary research question asked whether parenting styles of mothers and fathers influence the development of adolescent moral values, and secondary research questions asked whether adolescent moral values were stable and whether gender moderated predictive relations of parenting styles and adolescent moral values. At 14 and 18 years, a sample of 246 adolescents completed the Sociomoral Reflection Objective Measure - Short Form; at 14 years, mothers and fathers self-reported their parenting styles using the Parental Authority Questionnaire. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses established a 2-factor model of adolescent moral values across the two ages: Life and Social Contract captured prosocial aspects of morality that are left to individual choice, and Law and Social Order captured acts that are legally or morally obligatory for individuals to perform. Structural equation modeling investigated relations between parental parenting styles and the two adolescent moral value factors, with adolescent age, gender, and family SES as covariates. Both moral values factors had high stabilities across the 4-year period. Mothers' authoritarian parenting at 14 years, but not their authoritative or permissive parenting, negatively predicted Life and Social Contract moral values, but not Law and Social Order, in adolescents at 18 years, more so for boys. Fathers' parenting styles did not predict adolescents' moral values at 18 years. Girls and adolescents from higher-SES families had higher Life and Social Contract moral values at 14 years; boys experienced more increases in Life and Social Contract moral values from 14 to 18 years than girls. Stability and parental predictive validity of moral values for adolescence are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9813771/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10505295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicole Patton Terry, Astrid Pohl Zuckerman, Peggy McCardle
{"title":"Introduction to the Special Issue: Understanding the contexts in which vulnerable students learn, develop, and achieve in reading in the United States.","authors":"Nicole Patton Terry, Astrid Pohl Zuckerman, Peggy McCardle","doi":"10.1002/cad.20472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20472","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10652786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S Andrew Garbacz, Megan Kaul, Miranda Zahn, Eliza Godfrey, Caleb Flack
{"title":"Examining conjoint behavioral consultation to support students in middle school with social, emotional, and behavior concerns.","authors":"S Andrew Garbacz, Megan Kaul, Miranda Zahn, Eliza Godfrey, Caleb Flack","doi":"10.1002/cad.20481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20481","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The purpose of this study was to conduct a small-scale pilot study of Conjoint Behavioral Consultation (CBC), modified for middle school students with social, emotional, and behavioral concerns. Participants were 30 middle school students with social, emotional, and behavioral concerns, along with their parents and teachers. Participants were randomized to a CBC or school-as-usual control condition. Outcome measures included (a) teacher-report of student academic enablers and social, emotional, and behavioral competencies; (b) parent-, teacher-, and student report of target behavior outcomes; (c) parent- and teacher-report of the parent-teacher relationship; and (d) parent- and teacher-report competence in problem-solving. In addition, parents, teachers, and students reported their perceptions of the intervention. Findings suggested greater improvements in the intervention condition relative to the school-as-usual condition on teacher-report of student interpersonal skills, teacher-report of the parent-teacher relationship, and parent-report of competence in problem-solving. In addition, parents, teachers, and students reported improvements in the target behavior outcomes during the consultation and each stakeholder rated the intervention favorably. Limitations, future research directions, and implications for family-school interventions in middle school are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40368212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rachel R Romeo, Lili Uchida, Joanna A Christodoulou
{"title":"Socioeconomic status and reading outcomes: Neurobiological and behavioral correlates.","authors":"Rachel R Romeo, Lili Uchida, Joanna A Christodoulou","doi":"10.1002/cad.20475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this chapter, we examine reading outcomes and socioeconomic status (SES) using a developmental cognitive and educational neuroscience perspective. Our focus is on reading achievement and intervention outcomes for students from lower SES backgrounds who struggle with reading. Socioeconomic disadvantage is a specific type of vulnerability students experience, which is often narrowly defined based on parental income, education level, and/or occupational prestige. However, implications of socioeconomic status extend broadly to a suite of areas relevant for reading outcomes including a student's access to resources, experiences, language exposure, academic outcomes, and psychological correlates. Underlying this constellation of factors are brain systems supporting the processing of oral and written language as well as stress-related factors. We review the implications of SES and reading achievement, and their intersectionality, for the science and practice of reading instruction.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9588575/pdf/nihms-1826606.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10702388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Commentary: Vulnerable children-A global perspective.","authors":"Jennae Bulat, Amber Gove","doi":"10.1002/cad.20461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20461","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In this commentary, we discuss the global similarities in the intersections of poverty, disability, and learning, and share lessons that are being learned internationally that can inform U.S. domestic research and implementation. These lessons cover multiple aspects of learning and development, instructional materials and approaches, integration of social emotional and school climate considerations, and engagement of families and communities.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/78/b4/CAD-2022-95.PMC9790728.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10792514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Developmental behavioral genetics research on school achievement is missing vulnerable children, to our detriment.","authors":"LaTasha R Holden, Rasheda Haughbrook, Sara A Hart","doi":"10.1002/cad.20485","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cad.20485","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Gene-environment processes tell us how genetic predispositions and environments work together to influence children in schools. One type of gene-environment process that has been extensively studied using behavioral genetics methods is a gene-by-environment interaction. A gene-by-environment interaction shows us when the effect of your context on a phenotype differs depending on your genetic predispositions, or vice versa, when the effect of your genetic predispositions on a phenotype differs depending on your context. Developmental behavioral geneticists interested in children's school achievement have examined many different contexts within the gene-by-environment interaction model, including contexts measured from within children's home and school environments. However, this work has been overwhelmingly focused on WEIRD samples children, leaving us with non-inclusive scientific evidence. This can lead to detrimental outcomes when we overgeneralize this non-inclusive scientific evidence to racialized groups. We conclude with a call to include racialized children in more research samples.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9713684/pdf/nihms-1850915.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40374552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Delivering on the promise of early childhood education for black children: An equity strategy.","authors":"Iheoma U Iruka","doi":"10.1002/cad.20483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/cad.20483","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The early years are a critical period for setting children up for school and life. For Black children who are exposed to adversities before and after birth, early childhood education (ECE) has been shown as one potentially strategy to mitigate against systemic inequities. However, evidence continues to show the negative impact of structural racism and system inequities in the lives of Black children. While Black children continue to thrive even in the face of biased experiences and unfairness, it is imperative that simultaneous attention focus on how to best support the well-being Black children and address systemic racism. This paper discusses ECE and its evidence and calls for policies and strategies that dismantle racism inherent in ECE by ensuring equitable funding, equity-centered monitoring, and equity-centered assessment of family engagement. To support Black children's health, development, and well-being, we must attend to policies that address equitable access, supports, experiences, and outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":47745,"journal":{"name":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33468168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}